104
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The social contention over a new labour law in post- 2014 Egypt: Understanding regime choices and strategies

Received 14 Apr 2022, Accepted 24 Apr 2023, Published online: 01 May 2023

References

  • Abdalla, N. (2012) Egypt’s workers - from protest movement to organized labor: A major challenge of the transition period. SWP Comments. The German Institute for International and Security Affairs (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik) (SWP), pp. 1–7, Available at https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2012C32_abn.pdf
  • Abdalla, N. (2017) The Egyptian trade union movement in light of the 2011 uprising: Co-optation, containment, and limits of resistance. Research Report. The Essam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs and Al-Asfari Institute for Civil Society and Citizenship, The American University of Beirut (AUB), pp. 1–25, Available at https://www.aub.edu.lb/ifi/publications/Documents/research_reports/20170410_trade_union.pdf
  • Abdalla, N. (2020). Seeking an illusion? The quest of the Egyptian new trade union movement for a new social contract in the Aftermath of 2011. In I. Weipert-Fenner, and J. Wolff (Eds.), Socioeconomic protests in MENA and Latin America. Egypt and Tunisia in interregional comparison (pp. 145–170). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Abdullah, S. (2014) Egypt … the new labor law angers businessmen, [Misr … Qanun al-ʿamal al-jadid yathir ghadab rijal al-aʿamal.] Erem News, August 21, Available at https://www.eremnews.com/economy/companies/119815
  • Adly, A. (2020). Unwarranted Suffering: The IMF and Egypt’s illusory economic recovery. In T. Radwan (Ed.), The impact and influence of international financial institutions on the economies of the middle East and North Africa (pp. 12–26). Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
  • Al-Kazaz, M. (2017) The conflict of interests in the new labor law. [siraʿa al-masalih fi qanun al-ʿamal al-jadid]. Al- Ahram, 30 April, Available at: https://bit.ly/3HR37En
  • Al-Said, A. (2017) The article 121 of the new labor law is disastrous. [al-mada 121 min qanun al- ʿamal al-jadid “karithiyya”]. Mobtadaa’, 8 May, Available at : https://www.mobtada.com/details/603709
  • Al-Wardagi, S. (2022) Al Wakil: The new draft labor law is pushing investment away and is decreasing job opportunities for women (Al-Wakil: Mashruʿ qanun al-ʿamal al-jadid tardi li-l-istithmar wa yuqallil furas ʿamal al-marʾa), Al-Ahram, 25 January, Available at: https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/3289045.aspx
  • Al-Youm, A. (2019). FEI: The new labor law brings us back to the sixties (itihad al-sinaát: Al-qanun al-ʿamal al-jadid yaoud bina ila al-sitinat)Akhbar Al - Youm, 24 March.
  • Ang, D., Brown, D., Dehejia, R., & Robertson, R. (2012). Public disclosure, reputation sensitivity, and labor law compliance: Evidence from better factories Cambodia. Review of Development Economics, 16(4), 594–607. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12006
  • Asy, A. (2021) Starting from January 2022 … HCW: 2400 is the minimum wage for private sector workers [ibtida’an min yanayir 2022 … al-majlis al-qawmi lil aujur: 2400 jinih al had al-adna lil aujur li-l-ʿamalin bi-l-qitʿa al-khas], Al-Sherouk, 28 June, Available at https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=28062021&id=31ffca7c-cac8-4592-9eb5-0fd759471720
  • Barrientos, S., & Smith, S. (2007). Do workers benefit from ethical trade? Assessing codes of labour practice in global production systems. Third World Quarterly, 28(4), 713–729.
  • Beinin, J. (2011). Workers and Egypt’s January 25 revolution. International Labor and Working-Class History, 80(1), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0147547911000123
  • Besley, T., & Burgess, R. (2004). Can labor regulation hinder economic performance? Evidence from India. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(1), 91–134. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355304772839533
  • BetterWork program in Egypt, Available at: https://betterwork.org/where-we-work/better-work-programme-in-egypt/
  • Bronstein, A. S. (1995). Societal change and industrial relations in Latin America: Trends and prospects. International Labour Review, 134(2), 163–186.
  • Cammett, M., & Posusney, M. P. (2010). Labor standards and labor market flexibility in the Middle East: Free trade and freer unions? Studies in Comparative International Development, 45(2), 250–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-010-9062-z
  • Caraway, T. L. (2009). Labor rights in East Asia: Progress or regress? Journal of East Asian Studies, 9(2), 153–186. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800002976
  • Carnes, M. E. (2014). Continuity despite change: The politics of labor regulation in Latin America. Standford University Press.
  • Center for Trade Unions and Workers Service (CTUWS). (2017). Parliamentary hearing regarding the new labor law … the house delegation demands the assurance of job safety, the identification of the minimum wage, and addressing the phenomenon of employing sub-workers, CTUWS, May 31, Available at https://bit.ly/3sAGuNK
  • Center for Trade Unions and Workers Services (CTUWS). (n.d.) The state of the workers in Egypt between new labor relation and an old corporatist structure [awdaʿ al- ʿummal fi masr bayn ʿalaqat ʿamal al-jadida wa-tanzim niqabiy qadim], CTUWS Report, Available at http://www.ctuws.com/content/ Available at
  • Collier, R. B., & Collier, D. (1979). Inducements versus Constraints: Disaggregating ‘corporatism. The American Political Science Review, 73(4), 967–986. https://doi.org/10.2307/1953982
  • Collier, R. B., & Collier, D. (2002). Shaping the political Arena: Critical junctures, the labor movement, and regime dynamics in Latin America. University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Collier, R., & Collier, D. (1991). Shaping the political arena: Critical junctures, the labor movement, and regime dynamics in Latin America. Princeton University Press).
  • Conrad, C. R., & Ritter, E. H. (2013). Treaties, tenure, and torture: The conflicting domestic effects of international Law. The Journal of Politics, 75(2), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381613000091
  • Cook, M. L. (2002). Labor reform and dual transitions in Brazil and the Southern Cone. Latin American Politics and Society, 44(1), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2002.tb00195.x
  • Cook, M. L. (2007). The politics of labor reform in Latin America: Between flexibility and rights. The Pennsylvania State University.
  • Economic Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR). (2014) Coverage of the “This is the reason workers protest … and this is the reason we wrote a new labor law …” conference that took place today at the ECESR, ECESR, August 21, Available at https://bit.ly/34USIZx
  • Economic Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR). (2015) Report on workers’ protests in 2014, Available at http://ecesr.org/?p=769983 (Retrieved January 23, 2018).
  • Economic Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR). (2016a) Report on Workers’ Protests in 2015, Available at http://ecesr.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2015-Protests-interactive.pdf Retrieved January 23, 2018)
  • Economic Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR). (2016b) Report on Workers’ Protests in 2016, Available at http://ecesr.org/?p=775172 Retrieved January 23, 2018)
  • Enterprise. (2017). The Walt Disney Company lifts ban on having its merchandise manufactured in Egypt. Enterprise, 3 July, Available at https://enterprise.press/stories/2017/07/03/the-walt-disney-company-lifts-ban-on-having-its-merchandise-manufactured-in-egypt/
  • Evans, P. B. (1979). Dependent development: The Alliance of multinational, state, and local Capital in Brazil. Princeton University Press).
  • Flanagan, R. J. (2006). Globalization and labor conditions: Working conditions and worker rights in a global economy. Oxford University Press.
  • Hamdy, O. (2019) Labor courts and the condition of approval from the specialized instance … will the labor law end the form 6? [mahakim li-l-ʿamal wa shart iʿtimad al-quwa al-ʿamila … hal yaqdi al-qanun al-jadidʿala istimara 6], Akhbar Al-Youm. 10 November, Available at https://bit.ly/363roc3
  • Karam, Y. (2014) The Federation of Industries withdraws from the “Labor Law” dialogue. [Ittihad al-sinaʿat yansahib min hiwar qanun al-ʿamal], Al-Masry Al-Youm. 2 December, Available at https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/591292
  • Lichbach, M. I. (1987). Deterrence or Escalation?: The puzzle of aggregate studies of repression and dissent. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 31(2), 266–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002787031002003
  • Locke, R. M., Qin, F., & Brause, A. (2007). Does monitoring improve labor standards? Lessons from Nike. ILR Review, 61(1), 3–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390706100101
  • Mada, M. (2017). Egypt blacklisted again by international labor organization, Mada Masr, Available at: https://www.madamasr.com/en/2017/06/07/news/u/egypt-blacklisted-again-by-international-labor-organization/
  • Mohamed, F. (2016) Mohamed Saafan … the deputy of workers, a minister | Profile. [Mohamed Saʿfan … Naib al-ʿummal waziran | Profile.], Al-Masry Al-Yowm, 23 March, Available at https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/915367
  • Murillo, M. V. (2005). Partisanship amidst convergence: The politics of labor reform in Latin America. Comparative Politics, 37(4), 441–458. https://doi.org/10.2307/20072903
  • Murillo, M. V., & Schrank, A. (2005). With a little help from my friends: Partisan politics, transnational alliances, and labor rights in Latin America. Comparative Political Studies, 38(8), 971–999. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414004274402
  • O’Donnell, G. (1979). Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism. University of California Press.
  • O’Donnell, G. (1988). Bureaucratic Authoritarianism: Argentina, 1966-1973, in Comparative Perspective. University of California Press).
  • Opp, K. -D., & Roehl, W. (1990). Repression, Micromobilization, and political protest. Social Forces, 69(2), 521–547. https://doi.org/10.2307/2579672
  • Osama, D. (2018) The risks of Egypt’s mounting debt, Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy, Available at https://timep.org/commentary/analysis/the-risks-of-egyptsmounting-external-debt
  • Peksen, D., & Blanton, G. (2017). The impact of ILO conventions on worker rights: Are empty promises worse than no promises? The Review of International Organizations, 12(1), 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-015-9241-9
  • Raafat, M. (2014) Labor leadership attack Ashri’s statements regarding the new labor law. [Qiyadatimaliyya tuhajim tasrihat Ashri hawl qanun al-amal al-jadid.], Al-Masry Al-Youm, 12 November, Available at https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/570246
  • Radwan, N. (2015) FEDCOC rejects the draft of the new labor law, [al- ghuraf al-tujariyya tarfud mashruʿ qanun al-ʿamal al-jadid], Veto Portal, 20 September, Available at https://bit.ly/3HQuEFK
  • Ramadan, F. (2019). The government’s project for the labor law (1), the expansion of workers’ dismissal, [Mashruʿ al-hukuma li-qanun al-ʿamal (1) al-tawasuʿ fi fasal alʿummal. Mada Masr, 19, February, Available at. https://bit.ly/3sHSq0n
  • Shawada, S. (2014). The “towards a just labor law” campaign confronts the ministry of labor’s labor law with an alternative draft. [HamlatNahw qanunamaladil” tuwajih qanun al-quwa al-ʿamila bi-masuda jadid badalan minhu], Shorouk News, 24 July, Available at https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=24072014&id=a589bb1a-96d6-4182-bd2a-3147edf18bc7
  • Short, J. L., Toffel, M. W., & Hugill, R. (2020). Improving working conditions in global supply chains: The role of institutional environments and monitoring program design. ILR Review, 73(4), 873–912. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793920916181
  • Social Justice Platform (SJP). (2018). Annual protests of 2017, 22 July, Available at https://sjplatform.org/annual-protests-of-2017/?lang=en
  • Social Justice Platform (SJP). (2019a) Mid-year protests factsheet, 24 August, Available at https://sjplatform.org/2019-mid-year-protests-factsheet/?lang=en
  • Social Justice Platform (SJP). (2019b) A year of social and economic protests … the reforms’ Reckoning, June 16, Available at https://bit.ly/3BALgzf
  • Towards a Fair Labor Law (TFLL). (2015, February 12) No to the terrorization of the cement workers of Turah, Katameya, and Helwan [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/notes/785608912276712/
  • Towards a Fair Labor Law (TFLL). (2016, January 8) Press Conference on the Strike of Petrotrade Workers. [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/7amla.na7o.kanon.3adel.lel3aml/posts/461411850731916
  • Towards a Fair Labor Law (TFLL). (2014, March 24) The constitutive statement for the “Towards a Labor Law” campaign [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/notes/239363996270037
  • Uthman, M. (2017) Democratic Workers Federation: The new labor law project is a farce … and unfair dismissal has not been criminalized, [Ittihad ʿummāl misr al-dimuqratiy mashruʿ qanun al-ʿamal al-jadid maskh … wa-l-fasl al-taʿassufiy ghayr mujaram], Sawt Al-Umma, 29 May, Available at https://bit.ly/3sDQSVf
  • Valenzuela, J. S. (1989). Labor movements in transitions to democracy: A framework for analysis. Comparative Politics, 21(4), 445–472. https://doi.org/10.2307/422007
  • Wang, Z. W., & Youn, H. (2017). Repress or respect? Precarious leadership, poor economy and labor protection. Human Rights Review, 18(1), 21–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-016-0428-0
  • Weisband, E. (2000). Discursive multilateralism: Global benchmarks, shame, and learning in the ILO labor standards monitoring regime. International Studies Quarterly, 44(4), 643–666. https://doi.org/10.1111/0020-8833.00175
  • Wintrobe, R. (1998). The political economy of dictatorship. Cambridge University Press.
  • Yu, X. (2008). Impacts of corporate code of conduct on labor standards: A case study of Reebok’s athletic footwear supplier factory in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(3), 513–529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9521-2

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.