References
- AIDA ECRE. (2022). Temporary ProtectionGreece. Available: https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/AIDA-GR_Temporary-Protection_2022.pdf
- Amnesty International Italia, (2020), I sommersi dell’accoglienza, Available at: https://immigrazione.it/docs/2020/amnesty-i-sommersi-dellaccoglienza.pdf Available at
- Angeletti S., Ceccarelli, G., Bazzardi, R., Fogolari, M., Vita, S., Antonelli, F., Florio, L. D., Khazrai, Y. M., Noia, V. D., Lopalco, M., Alagia, D., Pedone, C., Lauri, G., Aronica, R., Riva, E., Demir, A. B., Abacioglu, H., & Ciccozzi, M. (2020). Migrants rescued on the Mediterranean Sea route: Nutritional, psychological status and infectious disease control. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 14(5), 454–462. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11918
- Attuazione della direttiva 2005/85/CE recante norme minime per le procedure applicate negli Stati membri ai fini del riconoscimento e della revoca dello status di rifugiato, pubblicato nella Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 40 del. (2008 Febbraio, 16). ( Italian) Available at: https://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/deleghe/Testi/08025dl.htm
- Basok, T., & Candiz, G. (2023) Darien Gap: As migrants take deadly risks for better lives, Canada and the U.S. must do much more. The Conversation, published on 30 October 2023, Retrieved November 7, 2023. https://theconversation.com/darien-gap-as-migrants-take-deadly-risks-for-better-lives-canada-and-the-u-s-must-do-much-more-215520
- Cassazione. (2018 Febbraio, 23). I Sezione Civile. n. 4455, Available at: https://www.questionegiustizia.it/data/doc/1584/cassazione_4455_2018.pdf
- Cassazione Civile. (2020 January 20). n. 1104 Sentenza. Available at: https://sentenze.laleggepertutti.it/sentenza/cassazione-civile-n-1104-del-20-01-2020
- Collins, E. (2019). The case for reforming the definition of ‘refugee’ in the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the status of Refugees. Bristol Law Review, 90–113.
- Constitution of the Italian Republic. Available at: https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf
- Council Directive. (2005). 85/EC of 1 December 2005 on Minimum Standards on Procedures in Member States for Granting and Withdrawing Refugee Status. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32005L0085
- Crawley, H., & Skleparis, D. (2018). Refugees, migrants, neither, both: Categorical fetishism and the politics of bounding in Europe’s ‘migration crisis. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1348224
- Decreto Legislativo. (2007 Novembre, 19). n. 251 Attuazione della direttiva 2004/83/CE recante norme minime sull’attribuzione, a cittadini di Paesi terzi o apolidi, della qualifica del rifugiato o di persona altrimenti bisognosa di protezione internazionale, nonché’ norme minime sul contenuto della protezione riconosciuta. ( Italian). Available at: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2017/04/18/17G00059/sg/
- Decreto Sicurezza e Immigrazione. (2018 October 04). Mattarella emana e scrive a Conte, Comunicato del Quirinale. ( Italian) Available at: https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/18098/
- DLA Pipe & OHCHR. (2018). Admission and Stay Based on Humanitarian Rights and Humanitarian Grounds: A Mapping of National Practice. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Migration/OHCHR_DLA_Piper_Study.pdf
- Erdal, M. B., & Oeppen, C. (2018). Forced to leave? The discursive and analytical significance of describing migration as forced and voluntary. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(6), 981–998. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384149
- European Migration Network. (2020). Comparative Overview of National Protection Statuses in the EU and Norway (EMN Synthesis Report for the EMN Study 2019). last Retrieved September 15, 2023. Available at: https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/news/emn-study-comparative-overview-national-protection-statuses-eu-and-norway-2020-05-27_en
- European Union Agency for Asylum. (2018). Evidence and Credibility Assessment in the Context of the Common European Asylum System – Judicial Analysis. Available at: https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/easo-evidence-and-credibility-assesment-ja_en.pdf
- Favilli, C. (2018). La protezione umanitaria per motivi di integrazione sociale. Prime riflessioni a margine della sentenza della Corte di Cassazione, no. 4455/2018. Questione Giustizia, Available at: https://www.questionegiustizia.it/articolo/la-protezione-umanitaria-per-motivi-di-integrazion_14-03-2018.php ( Italian)
- Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. CUP.
- Gonzalez Beilfuss, M., & Koopmans, J. (2021). Alternatives to pre-removal detention in return procedures in the EU. University of Barcelona. AdMiGov Deliverable 2.5.
- Good, A. (2011). Witness statements and credibility assessments in the British asylum courts. In L. Holden (Ed.), Cultural Expertise and Litigation: Patterns, Conflicts, Narratives (pp. 94–122). London: Routledge.
- Harvey, C. (2015). Time for reform? Refugees, asylum-seekers, and protection under international human rights law. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 31(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdu018
- International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2022), IOM Libya 2021 Annual Report. Available at: https://libya.iom.int/
- Jacobs, M., & Maryns, K. (2021). Managing narratives, managing identities: Language and credibility in legal consultations with asylum seekers. Language in Society, 51(3), 375–402. Retrievedonline on March 4, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404521000117
- Jubilut, L. C., & Martins, M. (2019). Shortcomings and/or missed opportunities of the Global compacts for the protection of forced migrants. International Migration, 57(6), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12663
- Kirby, P. (2020). Sexual violence in the border zone: The EU, the women, peace and security agenda and carceral humanitarianism in Libya. International Affairs, 96(5), 1209–1226. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa097
- Kleist, N. (2020). Trajectories of involuntary return migration to Ghana: Forced relocation processes and post-return life. Geoforum, 116, 272–281.
- Kuschminder, K. (2018). Afghan refugee journeys: Onwards decision making in Turkey and Greece. Journal of Refugee Studies, 31(4), 566–587. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fex043
- Kuschminder, K. (2020). Before disembarkation: Eritrean and Nigerian migrants journeys within Africa. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(14), 3260–3275. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1804192
- Kuschminder, K., & Triandafyllidou, A. (2020). Smuggling, trafficking, and extortion: New conceptual and policy challenges on the Libyan route to Europe. Antipode, 52(1), 206–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12579
- Legge. (2017, Aprile 13). n. 46 Conversione in legge, con modificazioni, del decreto-legge 17 febbraio 2017, n. 13, recante disposizioni urgenti per l’accelerazione dei procedimenti in materia di protezione internazionale, nonché’ per il contrasto dell’immigrazione illegale, Available at: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2017/04/18/17G00059/sg ( Italian)
- Legge. (2018, Dicembre 1). n. 132 , Conversione in legge, con modificazioni, del decreto-legge 4 ottobre 2018, n. 113, recante disposizioni urgenti in materia di protezione internazionale e immigrazione, Available at: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2018/12/03/18G00161/sg ( Italian)
- M. M. C. (2020). MMC North Africa 4Mi snapshot protection risks within and along routes to Libya - a focus on sexual abuse. Available at: https://mixedmigration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/075_snapshot_na.pdf
- Mainwaring, C., & Debono, D. (2021). Criminalizing solidarity: Search and rescue in a neo-colonial sea. Environment & Planning C Politics & Space, 39(5), 1030–1048. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654420979314
- Mann, I., & Mourão Permoser, J. (2022). Floating sanctuaries: The ethics of search and rescue at sea. Migration Studies, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3913982
- Mcdowell, S. (2022). Geopoliticizing geographies of care: Scales of responsibility towards sea-borne migrants and Refugees in the Mediterranean. Geopolitics, 27(2022), 444–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2020.1777400
- Ministero dell’Interno. (2023). Cruscotto statistico giornaliero. Available at: http://www.libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it/it/documentazione/statistica/cruscotto-statistico-giornaliero
- Morgese, G. (2015). Lineamenti della normativa italiana in materia di immigrazione. Università di Bari.
- Office of the President ff the Republic. (2018). Press Release. Available at: https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/18098
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). (2023). Independent Fact Finding Mission on Libya. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/libya/index
- Open Migration Glossary. (2020). Humanitarian protection. Open Migration. Available at: https://openmigration.org/en/glossary-term/humanitarian-protection/
- Ortensi, L. E., & Kingston, L. N. (2021). Asylum seekers’ experiences on the migration journey to Italy (and beyond): Risk factors and future planning within a shifting political landscape. International Migration, 00, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12849
- Palillo, M. (2020). He must be a man’. Uncovering the gendered vulnerabilities of young Sub-Saharan African men in their journeys to and in Libya. Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1816813
- Palumbo, L., & Marchetti, S., (2021), Vulnerability in the asylum and protection system in Italy: Legal and policy framework and implementing practices, VULNER project, Research Report, Available at: https://www.vulner.eu/78645/VULNER_WP4_Report1.pdf
- Reques L., Aranda-Fernandez, E., Rolland, C., Grippon, A., Fallet, N., Reboul, C., Godard, N., & Luhmann, N. (2020). Episodes of violence suffered by migrants transiting through Libya: A cross-sectional study in “médecins du Monde’s” reception and healthcare centre in seine-saint-denis, France. Conflict and Health, 14(12). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-020-0256-3
- Sistema di protezione per i richiedenti asilo e i rifugiati (SPRAR). (2019). Rapporto Annuale SPRAR/SIPROIMI 2018. Available at: https://www.retesai.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Atlante-Sprar-Siproimi-2018-leggero.pdf
- Spencer, S. (2022). Migrants with Irregular Status in Europe, COMPAS. Available at: https://cmise.web.ox.ac.uk/
- Testo unico sull'immigrazione. (1998). Available at: https://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/deleghe/98286dl.htm
- Tong, R., & Williams, N. (2018). Feminist ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/feminism-ethics/
- Tronto, J. (2009). Un monde vulnérable. Pour une politique du care. La Découverte.
- United High Commissioner For Refugees (UNHCR). (2021). Available at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean/location/5205
- Yuen, L. (2019). Overview of migration trends and patterns in the Republic of the Niger, 2016–2019. In F. Fargues, M. Rango, E. Börgnas, & I. Schöfberger Eds., Migration in west and North Africa and across the Mediterranean. International Organization for Migration (IOM. Chapter 52020Available at https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/migration-in-west-and-north-africa-and-across-the-mediterranean.pdf
- Zetter, R. (2015). Protection in crisis: Forced migration and protection in the Global Era. Migration Policy Institute.