Instructional leadership in Indonesian school reform: overcoming the problems to move forward

References

• Abu-Duhou , I. 2003 . School-based management , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit Logos Wacana Ilmu .
   Google Scholar
• Alig-Mielcarek , J.M. and Hoy , W.K. 2005 . “ Instructional leadership: Its nature, meaning, and influence ” . In Educational leadership and reform , Edited by: Hoy , W.K. and Miskel , C.G. 29 – 52 . Greenwich , CT : Information Age .
   Google Scholar
• Azra , A. 2002 . Paradigma baru pendidikan nasional: Rekonstruksi dan demokratisasi [New paradigm of national education: Reconstruction and democratisation] , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit Buku Kompas .
   Google Scholar
• Badan Pusat Statistik . 2009 . Tabel indikator pendidikan 1994–2010 . http://www.bps.go.id (accessed November 19, 2009) .
   Google Scholar
• Bandur , A. 2009 . The implementation of School-Based Management in Indonesia: Creating conflicts in regional levels . Journal of NTT Studies , 1 ( 1 ) : 16 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Bjork , C. 2003 . Local responses to decentralization policy in Indonesia . Comparative Education Review , 47 ( 2 ) : 184 – 216 . doi: 10.1086/376540
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjork , C. 2005 . Indonesian education: Teachers, schools and central bureaucracy , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Blase , J. , and J. Blase . 1999 . Principals' instructional leadership and teacher development: Teachers' perspectives . Educational Administration Quarterly 35 , no. 3 : 349 – 78 . doi: 10.1177/0013161X99353003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush , T. 2003 . Theories of educational leadership and management , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell , B. and Spinks , J. 1992 . Leading the self-managing school , Falmer : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Chan , S.M. and Sam , T.T. 2007 . Analisis SWOT kebijakan pendidikan era otonomi daerah [SWOT analysis of educational policy in the era of regional autonomy] , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit PT RajaGrafindo Persada .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , P. 2008 . Strategic leadership and school reform in Taiwan . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 19 ( 3 ) : 293 – 318 . doi: 10.1080/09243450802332119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng , Y.C. 2000 . Cultural factors in educational effectiveness: A framework for comparative research . School Leadership & Management , 20 ( 2 ) : 207 – 25 . doi: 10.1080/13632430050011434
   Google Scholar
• Creemers , B.P.M. and Reezigt , G.J. 1996 . School level conditions affecting the effectiveness of instruction . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 7 ( 3 ) : 197 – 228 . doi: 10.1080/0924345960070301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalin , P. 2005 . School development: Theories and strategies , New York : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Datnow , A. 2005 . The sustainability of comprehensive school reform models in changing district and state contexts . Education Administration Quarterly , 41 ( 1 ) : 121 – 53 . doi: 10.1177/0013161X04269578
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , B. 2005 . The essentials of school leadership . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Day , C. , Sammons , P. , Hopkins , D. , Leithwood , K. and Kington , A. 2008 . Research into the impact of school leadership on pupil outcomes: policy and research contexts . School Leadership & Management , 28 ( 1 ) : 5 – 25 . doi: 10.1080/13632430701800045
   Google Scholar
• Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia . 2004 . Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah . http://www.depdiknas.or.id (accessed July 2009) .
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson , G.A. 2006 . Cultivating leadership in schools: Connecting people, purpose, and practice , New York : Teachers College Press, Columbia University .
   Google Scholar
• Drost , J. 2005 . Dari KBK (Kurikulum Bertujuan Kompetensi) sampai MBS (Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah): Esai-esai pendidikan [From CBC (Competency-Based Curriculum) to SBM (School-Based Management): Educational essays] , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit Buku Kompas .
   Google Scholar
• Fadjar , M. 2002 . Introduction. In School-based management, by I. Abu-Dohou. 2003 , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit Logos Wacana Ilmu .
   Google Scholar
• Fattah , N. 2012 . Analisis Kebijakan Pendidikan [Educational policy analysis] , Bandung , , Indonesia : PT Remaja Rosdakarya .
   Google Scholar
• Frederick , J. , Blumenfeld , P. and Paris , A. 2004 . School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence . Review of Educational Research , 74 ( 1 ) : 59 – 110 . doi: 10.3102/00346543074001059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamage , D.T. and Sooksomchitra , P. 2004 . Decentralisation and school-based management in Thailand . International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift Für Erziehungswissenschaft , 50 ( 3/4 ) : 291 – 308 . doi: 10.1007/s11159-004-2624-4
   Google Scholar
• Gunter , H.M. and Fitzgerald , T. 2008 . The future of leadership research? . School Leadership & Management , 28 ( 3 ) : 261 – 279 . doi: 10.1080/13632430802145902
   Google Scholar
• Gurr , D. , Drysdale , L. and Mulford , B. 2007 . Instructional leadership in three Australian schools . ISEA , 35 ( 3 ) : 20 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Hadiyanto . 2004 . Mencari sosok desentralisasi manajemen pendidikan di Indonesia [Searching for the form of decentralised educational management in Indonesia] . Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit Rineka Cipta .
   Google Scholar
• Hallinger , P. 2003 . Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership . Cambridge Journal of Education , 33 ( 3 ) : 329 – 51 . doi: 10.1080/0305764032000122005
   Google Scholar
• Hallinger , P. 2010 . Making education reform happen: Is there an ‘Asian’ way? . School Leadership & Management , 30 ( 5 ) : 401 – 18 . doi: 10.1080/13632434.2010.502524
   Google Scholar
• Hallinger , P. and Heck , R. 1998 . Exploring the principal's contribution to school effectiveness: 1980–1995 . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 9 ( 2 ) : 157 – 91 . doi: 10.1080/0924345980090203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallinger , P. and Heck , R. 2010a . Collaborative leadership and school improvement: Understanding the impact on school capacity and student learning . School Leadership & Management , 30 ( 2 ) : 95 – 110 . doi: 10.1080/13632431003663214
   Google Scholar
• Hallinger , P. , and R. Heck . 2010b . Leadership for learning: Does collaborative leadership make a difference in school improvement? Educational Management Administration & Leadership 38 , no. 6 : 654 – 678 . doi: 10.1177/1741143210379060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallinger , P. and Kantamara , P. 2000 . Leading educational change in Thailand: Opening a window on leadership as a cultural process . School Leadership & Management , 20 ( 1 ) : 189 – 206 . doi: 10.1080/13632430050011425
   Google Scholar
• Hallinger , P. and Murphy , J. 1987 . Assessing and developing principal instructional leadership . Educational Leadership , 45 ( 1 ) : 54 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halverson , R. , J. Grigg , R. Prichett , and C. Thomas . 2005 . The new instructional leadership: Creating data-driven instructional systems in schools . Paper prepared for the annual meeting of the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration , July , in Washington , DC .
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves , A. and Fink , D. 2006 . Sustainable leadership for sustainable change , San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , A. 2008 . Distributed leadership: According to the evidence . Journal of Educational Administration , 46 ( 2 ) : 172 – 88 . doi: 10.1108/09578230810863253
   Google Scholar
• Heck , R.H. and Hallinger , P. 2009 . Assessing the contribution of distributed leadership to school improvement and growth in math achievement . American Educational Research Journal , 46 ( 3 ) : 659 – 89 . doi: 10.3102/0002831209340042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irawan , A. , Eriyanto , L.D. and Sunaryanto , A. 2004 . Mendagangkan sekolah: Studi kebijakan MBS di DKI Jakarta [Trading schools: Studies of school-based management policy in DKI Jakarta] , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Indonesian Corruption Watch .
   Google Scholar
• Kintamani , I. 2002 . Guru dan dinamikanya [Teachers and their dynamics]. In Selintas pendidikan Indonesia di akhir 2002: 8 isu pendidikan [Brief review of Indonesian education at the end of 2002: 8 educational issues] , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pusat Data dan Informasi Pendidikan .
   Google Scholar
• Kunandar . 2007 . Guru professional: Implementasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) dan persiapan menghadapi sertifikasi guru [Professional teachers: The implementation of School-Based Curriculum (SBC) and the preparation for teacher certification] . Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit PT Raja Grafindo Persada .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , M. , Walker , A. and Chui , L. 2012 . Contrasting effects of instructional leadership practices on student learning in a high accountability context . Journal of Educational Administration , 50 ( 5 ) : 586 – 611 . doi: 10.1108/09578231211249835
   Google Scholar
• Leithwood , K. 2001 . School leadership in the context of accountability policies . International Journal of Leadership in Education , 4 ( 3 ) : 217 – 35 . doi: 10.1080/13603120110057082
   Google Scholar
• Leithwood , K. and Day , C. 2008 . The impact of school leadership on pupil outcomes: Editorial . School Leadership & Management , 28 ( 1 ) : 1 – 4 . doi: 10.1080/13632430701799718
   Google Scholar
• Leithwood , K. , Harris , A. and Hopkins , D. 2008 . Seven strong claims about successful school leadership . School Leadership & Management , 28 ( 1 ) : 27 – 42 . doi: 10.1080/13632430701800060
   Google Scholar
• Leithwood , K. and Jantzi , D. 1999 . Transformational school leadership effects . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 10 ( 4 ) : 451 – 79 . doi: 10.1076/sesi.10.4.451.3495
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leithwood , K. and Jantzi , D. 2000 . The effects of transformational leadership on organizational conditions and student engagement with school . Journal of Educational Administration , 38 ( 2 ) : 112 – 29 . doi: 10.1108/09578230010320064
   Google Scholar
• Leithwood , K. and Jantzi , D. 2005 . “ Transformational leadership ” . In The essentials of school leadership , Edited by: Davies , B. 31 – 43 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Leithwood , K. and Jantzi , D. 2006 . Transformational school leadership for large-scale reform: Effects on students, teachers, and their classroom practices . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 17 ( 2 ) : 201 – 227 . doi: 10.1080/09243450600565829
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leithwood , K. and Riehl , C. 2003 . What we know about successful school leadership , Philadelphia , PA : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Louis , K.S. , Dretzke , B. and Wahlstrom , K. 2010 . How does leadership affect student achievement? Results from a national US survey . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 21 ( 3 ) : 315 – 36 . doi: 10.1080/09243453.2010.486586
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malen , B. , Ogawa , R.T. and Kranz , J. 1993 . Decentralization and school improvement: Can we fulfil the promise? , San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Mangin , M.M. 2007 . Facilitating elementary principals' support for instructional teacher leadership . Educational Administration Quarterly , 43 ( 3 ) : 319 – 57 . doi: 10.1177/0013161X07299438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulford , B and Silins , H. 2011 . Revised models and conceptualisation of successful school principalship for improved student outcomes . International Journal of Educational Management , 25 ( 1 ) : 61 – 82 . doi: 10.1108/09513541111100125
   Google Scholar
• Mulyasa , E. 2011 . Menjadi kepala sekolah professional [To be professional school principals] , Bandung , , Indonesia : Penerbit PT Remaja Rosdakarya .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , J. and Beck , L.G. 1995 . School-based management as school reform: Taking stock , Thousand Oaks , CA : Corwin Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nandika , D. 2007 . Pendidikan di tengah gelombang perubahan [Education in the wave of change] , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Pustaka LP3ES .
   Google Scholar
• Nettles , S.M. and Herrington , C. 2007 . Revisiting the importance of the direct effects of school leadership on student achievement: The implications for school improvement policy . Peabody Journal of Education , 82 ( 4 ) : 724 – 36 . doi: 10.1080/01619560701603239
   Google Scholar
• Nurkolis . 2003 . MBS: Teori, model, aplikasi [School-based management: Theory, model, application] . Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit Gasindo .
   Google Scholar
• O'Donnell , R.J. and White , G.P. 2005 . Within the account era: Principals' instructional leadership behaviors and student achievement . NASSP Bulletin , 89 ( 645 ) : 56 – 71 . doi: 10.1177/019263650508964505
   Google Scholar
• OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) . 2010 . PISA 2009 results: What students know and can do – student performance in reading, mathematics and science . I . http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/10/61/48852548.pdf (accessed July 24, 2012) .
   Google Scholar
• OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) . 2011 . PISA country profile . http://pisacountry.acer.edu.au/index.php (accessed September 16, 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Opdenakker , M.C. and Van Damme , J. 2007 . Do school context, student composition and school leadership affect school practice and outcomes in secondary education? . British Educational Research Journal , 33 ( 2 ) : 179 – 206 . doi: 10.1080/01411920701208233
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penlington , C. , Kington , A. and Day , C. 2008 . Leadership in improving schools: A qualitative perspective . School Leadership & Management , 28 ( 1 ) : 65 – 82 . doi: 10.1080/13632430701800086
   Google Scholar
• Pont , B. , D. Nusche and H. David 2008 . Improving school leadership, Vol. 2. Case studies on system leadership . Paris : Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development .
   Google Scholar
• Printy , S. , and H. Marks . 2006 . Shared leadership for teacher and student learning . Theory into Practice 45 , no. 2 : 125 – 32 . doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip4502_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raihani . 2007 . Education reforms in Indonesia in the twenty-first century . International Education Journal 8 , no. 1 : 172 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Reeves , D. 2008 . Reframing teacher leadership to improve your school , Alexandria , VA : ASCD .
   Google Scholar
• Reitzug , U.C. , West , D.L. and Angel , R. 2008 . Conceptualizing instructional leadership: The voices of principals . Education and Urban Society , 40 ( 6 ) : 694 – 714 . doi: 10.1177/0013124508319583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , V. 2010 . From instructional leadership to leadership capabilities: Empirical findings and methodological challenges . Leadership and Policy in Schools , 9 ( 1 ) : 1 – 26 . doi: 10.1080/15700760903026748
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , V. , Lloyd , C.A. and Rowe , K.J. 2008 . The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types . Educational Administration Quarterly , 44 ( 5 ) : 635 – 74 . doi: 10.1177/0013161X08321509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagala , S. 2004 . Manajemen berbasis sekolah dan masyarakat: Strategi memenangkan persaingan mutu [School based management and community: Strategies to win quality competition] , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit PT Nimas Multima .
   Google Scholar
• Sapari , A. 2003 . Peranan komite sekolah [The roles of school committee]. In Selintas pendidikan Indonesia di awal 2003: Tujuh isu pendidikan [Brief review of Indonesian education at the beginning of 2003: Seven educational issues] , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pusat Data dan Informasi Pendidikan .
   Google Scholar
• Silins , H. and Mulford , B. 2004 . Schools as learning organizations: Effects on teacher leadership and student outcomes . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 15 ( 3 ) : 443 – 66 . doi: 10.1080/09243450512331383272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverius , S. 2002 . Otonomi dan disentralisasi pendidikan [Autonomy and educational decentralisation]. In Selintas pendidikan Indonesia di akhir 2002: 8 isu pendidikan [Brief review of Indonesian education at the end of 2002: 8 educational issues] , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pusat Data dan Informasi Pendidikan .
   Google Scholar
• Sofo , F. 2008 . Differences of degree or differences in kind? A comparative analysis of thinking styles . International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences , 3 ( 1 ) : 293 – 301 .
   Google Scholar
• Southworth , G. 2005 . “ Learning-centred leadership ” . In The essentials of school leadership , Edited by: Davies , B. 75 – 92 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Surakhmad , W. 2002 . Implikasi manajemen pendidikan nasional dalam konteks otonomi daerah . Paper presented at Konferensi Nasional Manajemen Pendidikan , August 8–10 , at Hotel Indonesia , Jakarta .
   Google Scholar
• Taruna , T. 2007 . Kurikulum yang mencerdaskan [The smarter curriculum] . In Kurikulum yang mencerdaskan visi 2030 dan pendidikan alternatif [The smarter curriculum: Vision of 2030 the alternative ways of education] , Indratno , A.F.T. , 65 – 78 . Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit Buku Kompas .
   Google Scholar
• Tilaar , H.A.R. 2009 . Membenahi pendidikan nasional [Fixing national education] , Jakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit Rineka Cipta .
   Google Scholar
• TIMSS and PIRLS. TIMSS 2007 . International mathematics and science report and PIRLS 2006 international report . http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/index.html (accessed November 18, 2009) .
   Google Scholar
• UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) . Country profiles and international human development indicators . http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics (accessed August 31, 2009) .
   Google Scholar
• Van De Grift , W. and Houtveen , A. 1999 . Educational leadership and pupil achievement in primary education . School Effectiveness & School Improvement , 10 ( 4 ) : 373 – 89 . doi: 10.1076/sesi.10.4.373.3497
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker , A. and Ko , J. 2011 . Principal leadership in an era of accountability: A perspective from the Hong Kong context . School Leadership & Management , 31 ( 4 ) : 369 – 92 . doi: 10.1080/13632434.2011.606269
   Google Scholar
• Walker , A. and Kwan , P. 2009 . Linking professional, school, demographic and motivational factors to desire for principalship . Educational Administration Quarterly , 45 ( 4 ) : 590 – 615 . doi: 10.1177/0013161X09337895
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters , T. , Marzano , R. and McNulty , B. 2003 . Balanced leadership: What 30 years of research tells us about the effect of leadership on student achievement , Denver , CO : Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning .
   Google Scholar
• Zainuddin , H.M. 2008 . Reformasi pendidikan: Kritik kurikulum dan MBS [Educational reform: Critics on curriculum and School-Based Management] , Yogyakarta , , Indonesia : Penerbit Pustaka Pelajar .
   Google Scholar