Inherent Characteristics of 2D Alluvial Formations Subjected to In-Plane Motion

References

• Bard, P. Y. and Bouchon, M. [1980a] “The seismic response of sediment-filled valleys. Part 1. The case of incident SH waves,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 70(4), 1263–1286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bard, P. Y. and Bouchon, M. [1980b] “The seismic response of sediment-filled valleys. Part 2. The case of incident P and SH waves,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 70(5), 1921–1941.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bard, P. Y. and Bouchon, M. [1985] “The two-dimensional resonance of sediment-filled valleys,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 75(2), 519–541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bard, P. Y. and Gariel, J. C. [1986] “The seismic response of two-dimensional sedimentary deposits with large vertical velocity gradients,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76(2), 343–346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chávez-García, F. J. and Bard, P. Y. [1994] “Site effects in Mexico City eight years after the September 1985 Michoacan earthquakes,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 13(4), 229–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chávez-García, F. J., Raptakis, D., Makra, K. and Pitilakis, K. [2000] “Site effects at EURO-SEISTEST-II: Results from 2-D numerical modelling and comparison with observation,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 19(1), 23–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chávez-García, F. J. and Stephenson, W. R. [2003] “Reply to “Comment on ‘3D site effects: a thorough analysis of a high-quality dataset,’ by F. J. Chávez-García, J. Castillo, and W. R. Stephenson,” by R. Paolucci and E. Faccioli,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93(5), 2306–2316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobry, R., Oweis, I. and Urzua, A. [1976] “Simplified procedures for estimating the fundamental period of a soil profile,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 66(4), 1293–1321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ermert, L., Poggi, V., Burjanek, J. and Fäh, D. [2014] “Fundamental and higher two-dimensional resonance modes of an Alpine valley,” Geophysical Journal International 198(2), 795–811.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fäh, D., Havenith, H. B., Roten, D., Alvarez, S. and Giardini, D. [2007] “Site effects in the Rhone Valley, Switzerland, measurements, observations, modelling and verification of the building code spectra,” Swiss Seismological Service ETH Zurich, Final Report, pp. 9–10.
   Google Scholar
• Frankel, A. D., Carver, D. L. and Williams, R. A. [2002] “nonlinear and linear site response and basin effects in seattle for the M 6.8 Nisqually, Washington, Earthquake,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92(6), 2090–2109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frischknecht, C. and Wagner, J. J. [2004] “Seismic soil effect in an embanked deep alpine valley, a numerical investigation of two-dimensional resonance,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 94(1), 171–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosar, A. [2008] “Site effects study in a shallow glaciofluvial basin using H/V spectral ratios from ambient noise and earthquake data: The case of bovec basin (NW Slovenia),” Journal of Earthquake Engineering 12(1), 17–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graves, E. W., Pitarka, A. and Somerville, P. G. [1998] “Ground-Motion amplification in the Santa Monica area, effects of shallow basin-edge structure,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88(5), 1224–1242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havenith, H. B., Fäh, D., Alvarez-Rubio, S. and Roten, D. [2009] “Response spectra for the deep sediment-filled Rhone Valley in the Swiss Alps,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 29(1), 17–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, J. L. and Tucker, B. E. [1984] “Observed variations of earthquake motion over a sediment-filled valley,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 74(1), 137–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristek, J. and Moczo, P. [2003] “Seismic wave propagation in viscoelastic media with material discontinuities – a 3D 4th-order staggered-grid finite-difference modelling,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93(5), 2273–2280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristek, J., Moczo, P. and Archuleta, R. J. [2002] “Efficient methods to simulate planar free surface in the 3D 4th-order staggered-grid finite-difference schemes,” Studia Geophysica Et Geodaetica 46(2), 355–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Roux, O., Cornou, C., Jongmans, D. and Schwartz, S. [2012] “1-D and 2-D resonances in an Alpine valley identified from ambient noise measurements and 3-D modelling,” Geophysical Journal International 191(2), 579–590.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenti, L., Martino, S., Paciello, A. and Scarascia Mugnozza, G. [2009] “Evidence of two-dimensional amplification effects in an alluvial valley (Valnerina, Italy) from velocimetric records and numerical models,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 99(3), 1612–1635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martirosyan, A., Biswas, N., Dutta, U., Cole, D. and Papageorgiou, A. [2003] “Ground motion analysis in the anchorage basin: 1-D approach,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering 7(2), 251–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moczo, P., Kristek, J. and Galis, M. [2004] “Simulation of planar free surface with near-surface lateral discontinuities in the finite-difference modelling of seismic motion,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 94(2), 760–768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moczo, P., Kristek, J., Galis, M., Pazak, P. and Balazovjech, M. [2007] “The finite-difference and finite-element modeling of seismic wave propagation and earthquake motion,” Acta Physica Slovaca 57(2), 177–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moczo, P., Labak, P., Kristek, J. and Hron, F. [1996] “Amplification and differential motion due to an antiplane 2D resonance in the sediment valleys embedded in a layer over the half-space,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86(5), 1434–1446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayan, J. P. and Singh, S. P. [2006] “Effects of soil layering on the characteristics of basin-edge induced surface waves and differential ground motion,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering 10(4), 595–614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen, K. B. [2012] “Site amplification in the Los Angeles basin from three-dimensional modeling of ground motion,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 90(6B), S77–S94.
   Google Scholar
• Paolucci, R. [1999] “Shear resonance frequencies of alluvial valleys by Rayleigh’s method,” Earthquake Spectra 15(3), 503–521.
   Google Scholar
• Paolucci, R. and Faccioli, E. [2003] “Comment on ‘3D site effects,a thorough analysis of a high-quality dataset’ by F. J. Chávez-García, J. Castillo, and W. R. Stephenson,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93(5), 2301–2305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitilakis, K. [2004] “Site effects,” in Site Effects in Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering and Micro-Zonation, ed. A. Ansal (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht), pp. 139–197.
   Google Scholar
• Raptakis, D., Chávez-García, F. J., Makra, K. and Pitilakis, K. [2000] “Site effect at Euroseistest-I. Determination of the valley structure and confrontation of observations with 1D analysis,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 19(1), 1–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riga, E. [2015] “New elastic spectra, site amplification factors and aggravation factors for complex subsurface geology, towards the improvement of EC8,” Ph.D. thesis dissertation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
   Google Scholar
• Roten, D., Fäh, D., Cornou, C. and Giardini, D. [2006] “Two-dimensional resonances in Alpine valleys identified from ambient vibration wavefields,” Geophysical Journal International 165(3), 889–905.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steimen, S., Fäh, D., Kind, F., Schmid, C. and Giardini, D. [2003] “Identifying 2D resonance in microtremor wave fields,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93(2), 583–599.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirgin, A. [1995] “Resonant response of a soft semi-circular cylindrical basin to an SH seismic wave,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 85(1), 285–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia, J., Xu, Y. X., Miller, R. D. and Ivanov, J. [2012] “Estimation of near-surface quality factors by constrained inversion of Rayleigh-wave attenuation coefficients,” Journal of Applied Geophysics 82, 137–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, T. and Dravinski, M. [1994] “Response prediction of deep sediment valleys through an eigenvalue method,” Geophysical Journal International 117(3), 749–762.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, C., Chávez-García, F. J., Thambiratnam, D. and Gallage, C. [2016] “Statistical analysis of the additional amplification on shallow basins relative to the 1D approach,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, under review.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, C. and Thambiratnam, D. [2016] “Interaction of geometry and mechanical property of trapezoidal sedimentary basins with incident SH waves,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 14(11), 2977–3002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar