An Alternative Design Method for the Seismic Retrofit of RC Moment Resisting Frame Buildings with Viscous Dampers

References

• ACI. 2008. Building code requirements for structural concrete. ACI 318–08, American Concrete Institute (ACI), Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
   Google Scholar
• ASCE. 2005. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7–05, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, USA.
   Google Scholar
• ASCE. 2016. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7-16, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, USA.
   Google Scholar
• CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004. Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance. 1: General rules, seismic actions, rules for buildings. EN 1998–1:2004, CEN, Brussels, Belgium.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, K. C., Y. Y. Lin, and C. Y. Chen. 2008. Shaking table study on displacement-based design for seismic retrofit of existing buildings using nonlinear viscous dampers. Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE) 134 (4): 671–81. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:4(671).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y. T., and Y. H. Chai. 2011. Effects of brace stiffness on performance of structures with supplemental Maxwell model‐based Brace–Damper systems. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 40 (1): 75–92. doi: 10.1002/eqe.1023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christopoulos, C., and A. Filiatrault. 2006. Principles of passive supplemental damping and seismic isolation. Pavia, Italy: IUSS Press.
   Google Scholar
• CSI. 2011. PERFORM-3D, nonlinear analysis and performance assessment of 3D structures, version 5. Computers and Structures, Inc, Berkeley, California.
   Google Scholar
• Del Gobbo, G. M., A. Blakeborough, and M. S. Williams. 2018. Improving total-building seismic performance using linear fluid viscous dampers. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16 (9): 4249–72. doi: 10.1007/s10518-018-0338-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FEMA. 2000. Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. FEMA-356, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Washington, DC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• FEMA. 2003. NEHRP recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures. FEMA-450-1, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Washington, DC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Filiatrault, A., R. Tremblay, and A. Wanitkorkul. 2001. Performance evaluation of passive damping systems for the seismic retrofit of steel moment-resisting frames subjected to near-field ground motions. Earthquake Spectra 17 (3): 427–56. doi: 10.1193/1.1586183.
   Google Scholar
• Habibi, A., R. W. Chan, and F. Albermani. 2013. Energy-based design method for seismic retrofitting with passive energy dissipation systems. Engineering Structures 46: 77–86. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.07.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, J. S., Y. N. Huang, S. L. Yi, and S. Y. Ho. 2008. Design formulations for supplemental viscous dampers to building structures. Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE) 134 (1): 22–31. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(22).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, J. S., W. C. Lin, and N. J. Wu. 2013. Comparison of distribution methods for viscous damping coefficients to buildings. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 9 (1): 28–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICC. 2009. International building code. Country Club Hills, IL, USA: International Code Council (ICC).
   Google Scholar
• ICC. 2015. International building code. Country Club Hills, IL, USA: International Code Council (ICC).
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J., and H. Choi. 2006. Displacement-based design of supplemental dampers for seismic retrofit of a framed structure. Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE) 132 (6): 873–83. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:6(873).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., H. Choi, and K. W. Min. 2003. Performance-based design of added viscous dampers using capacity spectrum method,”. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 7 (1): 1–24. doi: 10.1080/13632460309350439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landi, L., F. Conti, and P. P. Diotallevi. 2015. Effectiveness of different distributions of viscous damping coefficients for the seismic retrofit of regular and irregular RC frames. Engineering Structures 100: 79–93. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.05.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landi, L., S. Lucchi, and P. P. Diotallevi. 2014. A procedure for the direct determination of the required supplemental damping for the seismic retrofit with viscous dampers. Engineering Structures 71: 137–49. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavan, O., and R. Levy. 2009. Simple iterative use of Lyapunov’s solution for the linear optimal seismic design of passive devices in framed buildings. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 13 (5): 650–66. doi: 10.1080/13632460902837736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Y. Y., K. C. Chang, and C. Y. Chen. 2008. Direct displacement-based design for seismic retrofit of existing buildings using nonlinear viscous dampers. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 6 (3): 535–52. doi: 10.1007/s10518-008-9062-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Y. Y., M. H. Tsai, J. S. Hwang, and K. C. Chang. 2003. Direct displacement-based design for building with passive energy dissipation systems. Engineering Structures 25 (1): 25–37. doi: 10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00099-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Londoño, J. M., D. J. Wagg, and S. A. Neild. 2014. Supporting brace sizing in structures with added linear viscous fluid dampers: A filter design solution. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 43 (13): 1999–2013. doi: 10.1002/eqe.2433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Garcia., D. 2001. A simple method for the design of optimal damper configurations in MDOF structures. Earthquake Spectra 17 (3): 387–98. doi: 10.1193/1.1586180.
   Google Scholar
• Mander, J. B., M. J. Priestley, and R. Park. 1988. Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE) 114 (8): 1804–26. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazza, F., and A. Vulcano. 2015. Displacement-based design procedure of damped braces for the seismic retrofitting of RC framed buildings. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13 (7): 2121–43. doi: 10.1007/s10518-014-9709-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menegotto, M., and P. Pinto. 1973. Methods of analysis for cyclically loaded R/C frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behavior under combined normal force and bending. Symposium of Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structure Acted by Well Defined Repeated Load, 15‒22. Lisbon, Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Palermo, M., S. Silvestri, L. Landi, G. Gasparini, and T. Trombetti. 2016. Peak velocities estimation for a direct five-step design procedure of inter-storey viscous dampers. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 14 (2): 599–619. doi: 10.1007/s10518-015-9829-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palermo, M., S. Silvestri, L. Landi, G. Gasparini, and T. Trombetti. 2018. A “direct five-step procedure” for the preliminary seismic design of buildings with added viscous dampers. Engineering Structures 173: 933–50. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palermo, M., S. Silvestri, and T. Trombetti. 2017. On the peak inter-storey drift and peak inter-storey velocity profiles for frame structures. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 94: 18–34. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.12.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research). 2017. PEER NGA database. Berkeley: PEER, University of California. Accessed February 2017. http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/spectras/615/searches/new.
   Google Scholar
• Pekcan, G., J. B. Mander, and S. S. Chen. 1999a. Design and retrofit methodology for building structures with supple-mental energy dissipating systems. Report No. MCEER-99-0021, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Pekcan, G., J. B. Mander, and S. S. Chen. 1999b. Fundamental considerations for the design of non‐linear viscous dampers. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 28 (11): 1405–25. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9845.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettinga, J. D., and M. N. Priestley. 2005. Dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete frames designed with direct displacement-based design. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 9 (spec02): 309–30. doi: 10.1142/S1363246905002419.
   Google Scholar
• Priestley, M. J. N., G. M. Calvi, and M. J. Kowalsky. 2007. Displacement-based seismic design of structures. Pavia, Italy: IUSS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez, O. M., M. C. Constantinou, C. A. Kircher, A. S. Whittaker, M. W. Johnson, J. D. Gomez, and C. Z. Chrysotomou. 2001. Development and evaluation of simplified procedures for analysis and design of buildings with passive energy dissipation systems. Report MCEER-00-0010. State University of New York at Buffalo, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Silvestri, S., G. Gasparini, and T. Trombetti. 2010. A five-step procedure for the dimensioning of viscous dampers to be inserted in building structures. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 14 (3): 417–47. doi: 10.1080/13632460903093891.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, T. J., and A. Lago. 2012. Towards a simplified direct DBD procedure for the seismic design of moment resisting frames with viscous dampers. Engineering Structures 35: 140–48. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.11.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, T. J., M. J. N. Priestley, and G. M. Calvi. 2012. A model code for the displacement based seismic design of structures: DBD12. Pavia, Italy: IUSS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Takewaki, I. 1997. Optimal damper placement for minimum transfer functions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 26 (11): 1113–24. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9845.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trombetti, T., and S. Silvestri. 2004. Added viscous dampers in shear-type structures: The effectiveness of mass proportional damping. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 8 (2): 275–313. doi: 10.1080/13632460409350490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trombetti, T., and S. Silvestri. 2006. On the modal damping ratios of shear-type structures equipped with Rayleigh damping systems. Journal of Sound and Vibration 292 (1–2): 21–58. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.07.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Seismic Design Maps. 2017. United States geological survey (USGS). Menlo Park, California: United States Department of the Interior. Accessed February 2017. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/designmaps/us/application.php.
   Google Scholar
• Whittle, J. K., M. S. Williams, T. L. Karavasilis, and A. Blakeborough. 2012. A comparison of viscous damper placement methods for improving seismic building design. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 16 (4): 540–60. doi: 10.1080/13632469.2011.653864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Y., X. Lu, D. Weng, and R. Zhang. 2012. A practical design method for reinforced concrete structures with viscous dampers. Engineering Structures 39: 187–98. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.02.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar