2,631
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Cyberbullying victimisation and mental distress: testing the moderating role of attachment security, social support, and coping styles

, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Aboujaoude, E., M. W. Savage, V. Starcevic, and W. O. Salame. 2015. “Cyberbullying: Review of an Old Problem Gone Viral.” Journal of Adolescent Health 57 (1): 10–18. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.011.
  • Aiken, L. S., and S. G. West. 1991. Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions. London: Sage Publications.
  • Aoyama, I., T. F. Saxon, and D. D. Fearon. 2011. “Internalizing Problems among Cyberbullying Victims and Moderator Effects of Friendship Quality.” Multicultural Education & Technology Journal 5: 92–105. doi:10.1108/17504971111142637.
  • Bartholomew, K., and L. M. Horowitz. 1991. “Attachment Styles among Young Adults: A Test of A Four-Category Model.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 (2): 226–244.
  • Beck, A. T. 1976. Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York: International University Press.
  • Bowes, L., B. Maughan, A. Caspi, T. E. Moffitt, and L. Arseneault. 2010. “Families Promote Emotional and Behavioural Resilience to Bullying: Evidence of an Environmental Effect.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 51 (7): 809–817. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02216.x.
  • Bowlby, J. 1973. Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2. Separation. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bradshaw, C. P. 2014. “The Role of Families in Preventing and Buffering the Effects of Bullying.” JAMA Pediatrics 168 (11): 991–993. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1627.
  • Calvete, E., I. Orue, and M. Gámez-Guadix. 2016. “Cyberbullying Victimization and Depression in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Body Image and Cognitive Schemas in a One-Year Prospective Study.” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 22 (2): 271–284. doi:10.1007/s10610-015-9292-8.
  • Campbell, M., B. Spears, P. Slee, D. Butler, and S. Kift. 2012. “Victims’ Perceptions of Traditional and Cyberbullying, and the Psychosocial Correlates of Their Victimisation.” Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties 17 (3–4): 389–401. doi:10.1080/13632752.2012.704316.
  • Canty-Mitchell, J., and G. D. Zimet. 2000. “Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in Urban Adolescents.” American Journal of Community Psychology 28 (3): 391–400. doi:10.1023/A:1005109522457.
  • Cénat, J. M., M. Hébert, M. Blais, F. Lavoie, M. Guerrier, and D. Derivois. 2014. “Cyberbullying, Psychological Distress and Self-Esteem among Youth in Quebec Schools.” Journal of Affective Disorders 169: 7–9. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.019.
  • Chen, J.-K., and H.-S. Wei. 2013. “School Violence, Social Support and Psychological Health among Taiwanese Junior High School Students.” Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal 37 (4): 252–262. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.01.001.
  • Cohen, S., and T. A. Wills. 1985. “Stress, Social Support, and the Buffering Hypothesis.” Psychological Bulletin 98 (2): 310–357. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310.
  • Copeland, W. E., A. Angold, E. J. Costello, and D. Wolke. 2013. “Adult Psychiatric Outcomes of Bullying and Being Bullied by Peers in Childhood and Adolescence.” JAMA Psychiatry 70 (4): 419–426. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.504.
  • Davidson, L. M., and M. K. Demaray. 2007. “Social Support as a Moderator between Victimization and Internalizing-Externalizing Distress from Bullying.” School Psychology Review 36 (3): 383–405.
  • Elgar, F. J., A. Napoletano, G. Saul, M. A. Dirks, W. Craig, V. Paul Poteat, M. Holt, and B. W. Koenig. 2014. “Cyberbullying Victimization and Mental Health in Adolescents and the Moderating Role of Family Dinners.” JAMA Pediatrics 168 (11): 1015–1022. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1223.
  • Fahy, A. E., S. A. Stansfeld, M. Smuk, N. R. Smith, S. Cummins, and C. Clark. 2016. “Longitudinal Associations between Cyberbullying Involvement and Adolescent Mental Health.” Journal of Adolescent Health 59 (5): 502–509. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.006.
  • Fisher, B. W., J. H. Gardella, and A. R. Teurbe-Tolon. 2016. “Peer Cybervictimization among Adolescents and the Associated Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45 (9): 1727–1743. doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0541-z.
  • Flouri, E., and A. Buchanan. 2002. “Life Satisfaction in Teenage Boys: The Moderating Role of Father Involvement and Bullying.” Aggressive Behavior 28 (2): 126–133. doi:10.1002/ab.90014.
  • Frison, E., K. Subrahmanyam, and S. Eggermont. 2016. “The Short-Term Longitudinal and Reciprocal Relations between Peer Victimization on Facebook and Adolescents’ Well-Being.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45 (9): 1755–1771. doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0436-z.
  • Garnefski, N., and V. Kraaij. 2006. “Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire - Development of a Short 18-Item Version (Cerq-Short).” Personality and Individual Differences 41 (6): 1045–1053. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.010.
  • Garnefski, N., and V. Kraaij. 2014. “Bully Victimization and Emotional Problems in Adolescents: Moderation by Specific Cognitive Coping Strategies?” Journal of Adolescence 37 (7): 1153–1160. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.07.005.
  • Garnefski, N., V. Kraaij, and P. Spinhoven. 2001. “Negative Life Events, Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Emotional Problems.” Personality and Individual Differences 30 (8): 1311–1327. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6.
  • Gini, G., and T. Pozzoli. 2013. “Bullied Children and Psychosomatic Problems: A Meta-Analysis.” Pediatrics 132 (4): 720–729. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0614.
  • Griffin, D., and K. Bartholomew. 1994. “Models of the Self and Other: Fundamental Dimensions Underlying Measures of Adult Attachment.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (3): 430–445. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.430.
  • Hinduja, S., and J. W. Patchin. 2014. Cyberbullying: Identification, Prevention, & Response. Cyberbullying Research Center.
  • Holt, M. K., and D. L. Espelage. 2007. “Perceived Social Support among Bullies, Victims, and Bully-Victims.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 36 (8): 984–994. doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9153-3.
  • Juvonen, J., and E. F. Gross. 2008. “Extending the School Grounds? Bullying Experiences in Cyberspace.” Journal of School Health 78 (9): 496–505. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00335.x.
  • Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., and K. Skinner. 2002. “Children’s Coping Strategies: Moderators of the Effects of Peer Victimization?” Developmental Psychology 38 (2): 267–278.
  • Kokkinos, C. M. 2013. “Bullying and Victimization in Early Adolescence: Associations with Attachment Style and Perceived Parenting.” Journal of School Violence 12 (2): 174–192. doi:10.1080/15388220.2013.766134.
  • Kokkinos, C. M., I. P. Voulgaridou, N. D. Koukoutsis, and A. Markos. 2016. “Peer Victimization and Depression in Greek Preadolescents: Personality and Attachment as Moderators.” Personal Relationships 23 (2): 280–295. doi:10.1111/pere.12126.
  • Ladd, G. W., and B. Kochenderfer-Ladd. 2002. “Identifying Victims of Peer Aggression from Early to Middle Childhood: Analysis of Cross-Informant Data for Concordance, Estimation of Relational Adjustment, Prevalence of Victimization, and Characteristics of Identified Victims.” Psychological Assessment 14 (1): 74–96. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.14.1.74.
  • Lazarus, R. S., and S. Folkman. 1984. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.
  • Livingstone, S., and P. K. Smith. 2014. “Annual Research Review: Harms Experienced by Child Users of Online and Mobile Technologies: The Nature, Prevalence and Management of Sexual and Aggressive Risks in the Digital Age.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 55 (6): 635–654. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12197.
  • Machmutow, K., S. Perren, F. Sticca, and F. D. Alsaker. 2012. “Peer Victimisation and Depressive Symptoms: Can Specific Coping Strategies Buffer the Negative Impact of Cybervictimisation?” Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties 17 (3–4): 403–420. doi:10.1080/13632752.2012.704310.
  • Main, M., and J. Solomon. 1990. “Procedures for Identifying Infants as Disorganized/Disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation.” In Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention, edited by M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, and E. M. Cummings, 121–160. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Malecki, C. K., M. K. Demaray, and L. M. Davidson. 2008. “Relationship among Social Support, Victimization, and Student Adjustment in a Predominantly Latino Sample.” Journal of School Violence 7: 48–71. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2008.05.041.
  • McGuckin, C., S. Perren, L. Corcoran, H. Cowie, F. Dehue, A. Ševčiková, P. Tsatsou, and T. Völlink. 2013. “Coping with Cyberbullying: How Can We Prevent Cyberbullying and How Victims Can Cope with It.” In Cyberbullying through the New Media: Findings from an International Network, 121–135.
  • Mikulincer, M., and P. R. Shaver. 2007. Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change. New York: Guilford Press.
  • O’Higgins Norman, J., and J. Connolly. 2011. “Mimetic Theory and Scapegoating in the Age of Cyberbullying: The Case of Phoebe Prince.” Pastoral Care in Education 29 (4): 287–300. doi:10.1080/02643944.2011.626069.
  • Oldmeadow, J. A., S. Quinn, and R. Kowert. 2013. “Attachment Style, Social Skills, and Facebook Use Amongst Adults.” Computers in Human Behavior 29 (3): 1142–1149. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.006.
  • Olweus, D. 1999. “Sweden.” In The Nature of School Bullying. A Cross-National Perspective, edited by P. K. Smith, Y. Morita, J. Junger-Tas, D. Olweus, R. Catalano, and P. Slee, 7–27. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Olweus, D. 2013. “School Bullying: Development and Some Important Challenges.” Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 9: 751–780. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185516.
  • Parker, R., J. Rose, and L. Gilbert. 2016. “Attachment Aware Schools: An Alternative to Behaviourism in Supporting Children’s Behaviour?” In The Palgrave International Handbook of Alternative Education, edited by H. Lees and N. Noddings, 441–463. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Patchin, J. W., and S. Hinduja. 2016. https://cyberbullying.org/summary-of-our-cyberbullying-research.
  • Pouwelse, M., C. Bolman, H. Lodewijkx, and M. Spaa. 2011. “Gender Differences and Social Support: Mediators or Moderators between Peer Victimization and Depressive Feelings?” Psychology in the Schools 48 (8): 800–814. doi:10.1002/pits.20589.
  • Ravitz, P., R. Maunder, J. Hunter, B. Sthankiya, and W. Lancee. 2010. “Adult Attachment Measures: A 25-Year Review.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 69 (4): 419–432. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006.
  • Scharfe, E., and K. Bartholomew. 1995. “Accommodation and Attachment Representations in Young Couples.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 12 (3): 389–401. doi:10.1177/0265407595123004.
  • Selkie, E. M., J. L. Fales, and M. A. Moreno. 2016. “Cyberbullying Prevalence among US Middle and High Schoole-Aged Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment.” Journal of Adolescent Health 58 (2): 125–133. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.026.
  • Slonje, R., and P. K. Smith. 2008. “Cyberbullying: Another Main Type of Bullying?” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 49 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00611.x.
  • Slonje, R., P. K. Smith, and F. Ann. 2013. “The Nature of Cyberbullying, and Strategies for Prevention.” Computers in Human Behavior 29: 26–32. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.024.
  • Smith, P. K. 2013. “School Bullying.” Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas 71: 81–98. doi:10.7458/SPP2012702332.
  • Smith, P. K., C. Del Barrio, and R. S. Tokunaga. 2013. “Definitions of Bullying and Cyberbullying: How Useful are the Terms?” In Principles of Cyberbullying Research: Definitions, Measures and Methods, edited by S. Bauman, D. Cross, and J. Walker, 26–40. New York: Routledge.
  • Smith, P. K., J. Mahdavi, M. Carvalho, S. Fisher, S. Russell, and N. Tippett. 2008. “Cyberbullying: Its Nature and Impact in Secondary School Pupils.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 49 (4): 376–385. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x.
  • Spitzberg, B. H., and G. Hoobler. 2002. “Cyberstalking and the Technologies of Interpersonal Terrorism.” New Media and Society 4 (1): 71–92. doi:10.1177/14614440222226271.
  • Steinberg, L. 2005. Adolescence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Stice, E., J. Ragan, and P. Randall. 2004. “Prospective Relations between Social Support and Depression: Differential Direction of Effects for Parent and Peer Support?” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 113 (1): 155–159. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.113.1.155.
  • Suler, J. 2004. “The Online Disinhibition Effect.” CyberPsychology & Behavior 7 (3): 321–326. doi:10.1089/1094931041291295.
  • Tennant, J. E., M. K. Demaray, S. Coyle, and C. K. Malecki. 2015. “The Dangers of the Web: Cybervictimization, Depression, and Social Support in College Students.” Computers in Human Behavior 50: 348–357. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.014.
  • Tokunaga, R. S. 2010. “Review: Following You Home from School: A Critical Review and Synthesis of Research on Cyberbullying Victimization.” Computers in Human Behavior 26: 277–287. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014.
  • Varese, F., F. Smeets, M. Drukker, R. Lieverse, T. Lataster, W. Viechtbauer, J. Read, J. van Os, and R. P. Bentall. 2012. “Childhood Adversities Increase the Risk of Psychosis: A Meta-Analysis of Patient-Control, Prospective- and Cross-Sectional Cohort Studies.” Schizophrenia Bulletin 38 (4): 661–671. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs050.
  • Varghese, M. E., and M. Carole Pistole. 2017. “College Student Cyberbullying: Self-Esteem, Depression, Loneliness, and Attachment.” Journal of College Counseling 20 (1): 7–21. doi:10.1002/jocc.12055.
  • White, D., C. Leach, R. Sims, M. Atkinson, and D. Cottrell. 1999. “Validation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for Use with Adolescents.” The British Journal of Psychiatry 175: 452–454. doi:10.1192/bjp.175.5.452.
  • Worsley, J. D., J. C. McIntyre, R. P. Bentall, and R. Corcoran. 2018. “Childhood Maltreatment and Problematic Social Media Use: The Role of Attachment and Depression.” Psychiatry Research 267: 88–93. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.023.
  • Yin, X. Q., L. H. Wang, X. B. Liang, J. L. Wang, G. D. Zhang, J. Li, and M. A. Zimmerman. 2017. “The Promotive Effects of Peer Support and Active Coping on the Relationship between Bullying Victimization and Depression among Chinese Boarding Students.” Psychiatry Research 256: 59–65. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.037.
  • Zigmond, A. S., and R. P. Snaith. 1983. “The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 67 (6): 361–370. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
  • Zimet, G. D., N. W. Dahlem, S. G. Zimet, and G. K. Farley. 1988. “The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.” Journal of Personality Assessment 52 (1): 30–41. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.