References
- Allan , J. 1996 . Learning outcomes in higher education . Studies in Higher Education , 21 ( 1 ) : 93 – 108 .
- Anderson , J.R. 1982 . Acquisition of cognitive skill . Psychological Review , 89 : 369 – 403 .
- Bjornavold , J. 2000 . Making learning visible: Identification, assessment and recognition of non-formal and informal learning in Europe , Luxembourg : CEDEFOP, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities .
- Byrne , M. , Flood , B. and Willis , P. 2002 . The relationship between learning approaches and learning outcomes: A study of Irish accounting students . Accounting Education , 11 ( 1 ) : 27 – 42 .
- Daugherty , R. , Black , P. , Ecclestone , K. , James , M. and Newton , P. 2008 . Alternative perspectives on learning outcomes: Challenges for assessment . Curriculum Studies , 19 ( 4 ) : 243 – 254 .
- Eisner , E. 1979 . The educational imagination , New York , NY : McMillan .
- Enwistle , N. 1987 . “ A model of teaching learning process ” . In Student learning: Research in education and cognitive psychology , Edited by: Richardson , J. , Eysenck , M. and Warren Piper , D. 13 – 28 . Milton Keynes : The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press .
- Entwistle , N. and Ramsden , P. 1983 . Understanding student learning , London : Croom Helm .
- Fisher , S.L. and Ford , J.K. 1998 . Differential effects of learner effort and goal orientation on two learning outcomes . Personnel Psychology , 51 ( 2 ) : 397 – 420 .
- Gagne , R.M. 1980 . Learnable aspects of problem solving . Educational Psychologist , 15 ( 2 ) : 84 – 92 .
- Gagne , R.M. 1984 . Learning outcomes and their effects. Useful categories of human performance . American Psychologist , 39 ( 4 ) : 377 – 385 .
- Glaser , R. 1984 . Education and thinking: The role of knowledge . American Psychologist , 39 ( 2 ) : 93 – 104 .
- Greeno , J.G. and The Middle School Mathematics through applications projects group . 1998 . The situativity of knowing, learning and research . American Psychologist , 53 ( 1 ) : 5 – 26 .
- Guilbert , J.J. 1981 . Educational handbook for health personnel , Geneva : World Health Organisation .
- Harden . 2002 . Learning outcomes and instructional objectives: Is there a difference? . Medical Teacher , 24 ( 2 ) : 151 – 155 .
- Hussey , T. and Smith , P. 2002 . The trouble with learning outcomes . Active Learning in Higher Education , 3 ( 3 ) : 220 – 233 .
- Jonassen , D.H. 1997 . Instructional design models for well-structured and ill-structured problem-solving learning outcomes . ETR & D , 45 ( 1 ) : 65 – 94 .
- Lauder , H. 2009 . On knowledge and work . Journal of Education and Work , 22 ( 3 ) : 157 – 162 .
- Leney , T. , Gordon , J. and Adam , S. 2008 . The shift to learning outcomes: Policies and practices across Europe , Thessaloniki : European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training .
- Mager , R. 1962 . Preparing instructional objectives , Belmont : David Lake .
- Mandl , H. , Gruber , H. and Renk , A. 1996 . “ Communities of practice towards expertise: Social foundation of university instruction ” . In Interactive mind. Life-span perspectives on the social foundation of cognition , Edited by: Baltes , P.B. and Staudinger , U.M. 394 – 411 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Putnam , R.T. and Broko , H. 2000 . What do new views of knowledge and thinking have to say about research on teacher learning? . Educational Researcher , 29 ( 1 ) : 4 – 15 .
- Raffe , D. 2009 . The action plan scotland and the making of the modern educational world: The first quarter century . Scottish Educational Review , 41 ( 1 ) : 22 – 35 .
- Sartori , G. , ed. 1984 . Social science concepts: A systematic analysis , London : Sage .
- Shuel , T.J. 1986 . Cognitive conceptions of learning . Review of Educational Research , 56 ( 4 ) : 411 – 436 .
- Souto-Otero , M. 2010 . Education, meritocracy and redistribution . Journal of Education Policy , 25 ( 3 ) : 397 – 413 .
- Tyler , R. 1949 . Basic principles of curriculum instruction , Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
- Young , M. 2011 . National vocational qualifications in the United Kingdom: Their origins and legacy . Journal of Education and Work , 24 ( 3–4 ) : 259 – 282 .
- Young , M. 2008 . Bringing knowledge back in: From social constructivism to social realism in the sociology of education , London : Routledge .
- Young, M., and S. Allais. 2011. The shift to outcomes based frameworks: key problems from a critical perspective. Austrian Open Access Journal of, Adult Education 14: 2–9.
- Zimmerman , B.J. 1990 . Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview . Educational Psychologist , 25 ( 1 ) : 3 – 17 .