Student employment: social differentials and field-specific developments in higher education

References

• Allen, J., and R. van der Velden. 2009. Report on the Large-scale Graduate Survey: Competencies and Early Labour Market Careers of Higher Education Graduates. Report, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, Slovenia, December.
   Google Scholar
• Baier, T., and M. Helbig. 2014. “Much Ado about €500: Do Tuition Fees Keep German Students from Entering University? Evidence from a Natural Experiment Using DiD Matching Methods.” Educational Research and Evaluation: An International Journal on Theory and Practice 20 (2): 98–121.
   Google Scholar
• Behr, A., and K. Theune. 2014. “The Causal Effect of Off-campus Work on Time to Degree.” Education Economics 24 (2): 189–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BMBF. 2012. Neunzehnter Bericht nach § 35 des Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetzes zur Überprüfung der Bedarfssätze, Freibeträge sowie Vomhundertsätze und Höchstbeträge nach § 21 Absatz 2 [Nineteenth Report According to §35 of the Federal Training Assistance Act for the Revision of Needs, Exemption Limits as well as Per cent Rates and Maximum Amounts According to §21, Section 2]. Berlin: German Federal Ministry for Education and Research. Access October 24, 2017. BT Drucksache 17/8498. docs.dpaq.de/1336-neunzehnter_bericht_bafoeg.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Body, K. M. D., L. Bonnal, and J.-F. Giret. 2014. “Does Student Employment Really Impact Academic Achievement? The Case of France.” Applied Economics 46 (25): 3061–3073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozick, R. 2007. “Making It Through the First Year of College: The Role of Students' Eonomic Resources, Employment, and Living Arrangements.” Sociology of Education 80 (3): 261–285.10.1177/003804070708000304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brint, S., M. Riddle, L. Turk-Bicakci, and C. S. Levy. 2005. “From the Liberal to the Practical Arts in American Colleges and Universities: Organizational Analysis and Curricular Change.” The Journal of Higher Education 76 (2): 151–180.10.1080/00221546.2005.11778909
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callender, C. 2008. “The Impact of Term-time Employment on Higher Education Students’ Academic Attainment and Achievement.” Journal of Education Policy 23 (4): 359–377.10.1080/02680930801924490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis, S., and N. Shani. 2002. “The Effect of Taking Paid Employment During Term-time on Students’ Academic Studies.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 26 (2): 129–138.10.1080/03098770220129406
   Google Scholar
• Demeulemeester, J. L., and D. Rochat. 2000. “Labour Participation of Higher Education Students.” Labour 14 (3): 503–522.10.1111/labr.2000.14.issue-3
   Google Scholar
• Fairlie, R. W. 2005. “An Extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique to Logit and Probit Models.” Journal of Economic and Social Measurement 30 (4): 305–315.
   Google Scholar
• Farkas, G. 2003. “Cognitive Skills and Noncognitive Traits and Behaviors in Stratification Processes.” Annual Review Sociology 29: 541–562.10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geel, R., and U. Backes-Gellner. 2012. “Earning While Learning: When and How Student Employment is Beneficial.” Labour 26 (3): 313–340.10.1111/labr.2012.26.issue-3
   Google Scholar
• Gerber, T., and S. Y. Cheung. 2008. “Horizontal Stratification in Postsecondary Education; Forms, Explanations, and Implications.” Annual Review of Sociology 34: 299–318.10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134604
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, R. 2010. “The Work–study Relationship: Experiences of Full-time University Students Undertaking Part-time Employment.” Journal of Education and Work 23 (5): 439–449.10.1080/13639080.2010.515969
   Google Scholar
• Hauschildt, K., C. Gwosć, N. Netz, and S. Mishra. 2015. Social and Economic Conditions of Student Life in Europe. Synopsis of Indicators. EUROSTUDENT V 2012–2015. Bielefeld: W. Bertelsmann Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Hillmert, S., and M. Jacob. 2003. “Social Inequality in Higher Education: Is Vocational Training a Pathway Leading to or Away from University?” European Sociological Review 19 (3): 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hovdhaugen, E. 2015. “Working while Studying: The Impact of Term-time Employment on Dropout Rates.” Journal of Education and Work 25 (6): 631–651.
   Google Scholar
• HRK. 2011. Statistische Daten zu Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen. Wintersemester 2011/2012. Statistiken zur Hochschulpolitik 2/2011 [Statistics on Bachelor and Master programs, Winter Term 2011/2012. Statistics on Higher Education Policy 2/2011]. Bonn: Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (HRK).
   Google Scholar
• Jacob, M., M. Gerth, and F. Weiss. 2017. “Inequalities in Higher Education Beyond Access? Labor Market Conditions and Social Differences in Students’ Jobs in Germany.” Unpublished mansucript, University of Cologne, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Jann, B. 2008. “A Stata Implementation of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition.” The Stata Journal 8 (4): 453–479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, M. 2011. “Trends in the Association between Educational Attainment and Class Destinations in West Germany: Looking Inside the Service Class.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 29 (4): 427–444.10.1016/j.rssm.2011.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, R., and L. Ralston. 1997. “Youth, Gender and Part-time Employment: A Preliminary Appraisal of Student Employment.” Employee Relations 19 (1): 51–66.10.1108/01425459710163589
   Google Scholar
• McCoy, S., and E. Smyth. 2007. “So Much To Do, So Little Time: Part-time Employment among Students in Ireland.” Work, Employment and Society 21 (2): 227–246.10.1177/0950017007076630
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middendorff, Elke, Beate Apolinarski, Karsten Becker, Philipp Bornkessel, Tasso Brandt, Sonja Heißenberg, and Jonas Poskowsky. 2017. Die wirtschaftliche und soziale Lage der Studierenden in Deutschland 2016. Berlin: BMBF. Accessed August 29, 2017. https://www.studentenwerke.de/sites/default/files/se21_hauptbericht.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Moulin, S., P. Doray, B. Laplante, and M. C. Street. 2013. “Work Intensity and Non-completion of University: Longitudinal Approach and Causal Inference.” Journal of Education and Work 26 (3): 333–356.10.1080/13639080.2011.653554
   Google Scholar
• Norton, E. C., H. Wang, and C. Ai. 2004. “Computing Interaction Effects and Standard Errors in Logit and Probit Models.” The Stata Journal 4 (2): 154–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggert, Steven C., Mike Boyle, Joseph M. Petrosko, Daniel Ash, and Carolyn Rude-Parkins. 2006. “Student Employment and Higher Education: Empiricism and Contradiction.” Review of Educational Research 76 (1): 63–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert, P., and E. Saar. 2012. “Learning and Working: The Impact of the ‘Double Status Position’ on the Labour Market Entry Process of Graduates in CEE Countries.” European Sociological Review 28 (6): 742–754.10.1093/esr/jcr091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roksa, J. 2010. “Bachelor’s Degree Completion Across State Contexts: Does the Distribution of Enrollments Make a Difference?” Research in Higher Education 51 (1): 1–20.10.1007/s11162-009-9146-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roksa, J., and M. Velez. 2010. “When Studying Schooling is not Enough: Incorporating Employment in Models of Educational Transitions.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 28 (1): 5–21.10.1016/j.rssm.2009.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindler, S., and M. Lörz. 2012. “Mechanisms of Social Inequality Development: Primary and Secondary Effects in the Transition to Tertiary Education Between 1976 and 2005.” European Sociological Review 28 (5): 647–660.10.1093/esr/jcr032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnitzer, K., W. Isserstedt, and E. Middendorff. 2001. Die wirtschaftliche und soziale Lage der Studierenden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2000–16. Sozialerhebung des Deutschen Studentenwerks. Bonn: Hochschul-Informations-System (HIS).
   Google Scholar
• Shavit, Y., R. Arum, and A. Gamoran. 2007. Stratification in Higher Education. A Comparative Study. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder. 2010. Internationale Bildungsindikatoren im Ländervergleich. Wiesbaden: Statistisches Bundesamt.
   Google Scholar
• Statistisches Bundesamt. 2003. “Prüfungen an Hochschulen.” In Fachserie 11, 2.4, ed. Statistisches Bundesamt. Wiesbaden: Destatis.
   Google Scholar
• Statistisches Bundesamt. 2016. “Bildung und Kultur - Prüfungen an Hochschulen.” In Fachserie 11, Reihe 4.2, ed. Statistisches Bundesamt. Wiesbaden: Destatis.
   Google Scholar
• Statistisches Bundesamt. 2017. Studierende insgesamt. Accessed August 29, 2017. https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/
   Google Scholar
• Theune, K. 2015. “The Working Status of Students and Time to Degree at German Universities.” Higher Education 70 (4): 725–752.10.1007/s10734-015-9864-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usher, A., and A. Cervenan. 2005. Global Higher Education Rankings 2005 Affordability and Accessibility in Comparative Perspective. Toronto: Educational Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• van der Velden, R., and M. Humburg. 2014. Skills and the Graduate Recruitment Process: Evidence from Two Discrete Choice Experiments. Mastricht: Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Mastricht University.
   Google Scholar
• Watts, C., and A. Pickering. 2000. “Pay as You Learn: Student Employment and Academic Progress.” Education + Training. 42 (3): 129–135.10.1108/00400910010372670
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, F. 2013. Postsecondary Educational Careers and Social Inequality: An Analysis of Social Origin Differences in Educational Career Trajectories and their Labor Market Outcomes in the US, Sweden and Germany. Mannheim: University of Mannheim. URN. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-384401.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, F., and J. Roksa. 2016. “New Dimensions of Educational Inequality: Changing Patterns of Combining College and Work in the U.S. Over Time.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 44: 44–53.10.1016/j.rssm.2016.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, F., M. Klein, and T. Grauenhorst. 2014. “The Effects of Work Experience During Higher Education on Labour Market Entry: Learning by Doing or an Entry Ticket?” Work, Employment and Society 28: 788–807.10.1177/0950017013506772
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenz, M., and W. C. Yu. 2010. “Term-time Employment and the Academic Performance of Undergraduates.” Journal of Education Finance 35 (4): 358–373.10.1353/jef.0.0023
   Google Scholar
• van de Werfhorst, H. G. 2002. “Fields of Study, Acquired Skills and the Wage Benefit from a Matching Job.” Acta Sociologica 45 (4): 287–303.10.1080/000169902762022879
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun, M.-S. 2005. “A Simple Solution to the Identification Problem in Detailed Wage Decompositions.” Economic Inquiry 43 (4): 766–772.10.1093/ei/cbi053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar