Lower income students and the ‘double deficit’ of part-time work: undergraduate experiences of finance, studying and employability

References

• Alone, S. 2015. Hidden Voices – Family Estrangement in Adulthood. Cambridge: Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge. http://standalone.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/HiddenVoices.-Press.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Antonucci, L. 2016. Student Lives in Crisis. Deepening Inequality in Times of Austerity. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ball, S. J. 2003. Class Strategies and the Education Market. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bathmaker, A.-M., N. Ingram, J. Abrahams, A. Hoare, R. Waller, and H. Bradley. 2016. Higher Education, Social Class and Social Mobility - The Degree Generation. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
   Google Scholar
• Boliver, V. 2011. “Expansion, Differentiation, and the Persistence of Social Class Inequalities in British Higher Education.” Higher Education 61 (3): 229–242. doi:10.1007/s10734-010-9374-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowes, L., R. Moreton, L. Thomas, J. Sheen, G. Birkin, and S. Richards. 2016. “Evaluation of the National Scholarship Programme Year 4 (Report to HEFCE by CFE Research and Edge Hill University).” Leicester. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/25232/1/2016_nspeval_y4.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Britton, J., C. Crawford, and L. Dearden. 2015. “Analysis of the Higher Education Funding Reforms Announced in Summer Budget 2015.” IFS Briefing Note BN174. London: IFS. https://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/bns/BN174.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Britton, J., L. Dearden, N. Shephard, and A. Vignoles. 2016. How English Domiciled Graduate Earnings Vary with Gender, Institution Attended, Subject and Socio-Economic Background. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies. doi:10.1920/wp.ifs.2016.1606.
   Google Scholar
• Broadbridge, A., and V. Swanson. 2005. “Earning and Learning: How Term-Time Employment Impacts on Students’ Adjustment to University Life.” Journal of Education and Work 18 (2): 235–249. doi:10.1080/13639080500086008.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, P. 2000. “The Globalisation of Positional Competition?” Sociology 34 (4): 633–653. doi:10.1177/S0038038500000390.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, P., and A. Hesketh. 2004. The Mismanagement of Talent. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, P., A. Hesketh, and S. Williams. 2003. “Employability in a Knowledge-Driven Economy.” Journal of Education and Work 16 (2): 107–126. doi:10.1080/1363908032000070648.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, P., H. Lauder, and D. Ashton. 2012. The Global Auction: The Broken Promises of Education, Jobs, and Incomes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Callender, C. 2012. The 2012/13 Reforms of Higher Education in England: Changing Student Finances and Funding. In Social Policy Review 24: Analysis and Debate in Social Policy, edited by M. Kilkey, G. Ramia, and K. Farnsworth, Vol. 24, Policy Pre, 77–96. Bristol: Policy Press pp.
   Google Scholar
• Callender, C., and G. Mason. 2017. “Does Student Loan Debt Deter Higher Education Participation? New Evidence from England.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 671 (1): 20–48. doi:10.1177/0002716217696041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carney, C., S. McNeish, and M. John. 2005. “The Impact of Part Time Employment on Students’ Health and Academic Performance: A Scottish Perspective.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 29 (4): 307–319. doi:10.1080/03098770500353300.
   Google Scholar
• Chowdry, H., L. Dearden, W. Jin, and B. Lloyd. 2012. Fees and Student Support under The New Higher Education Funding Regime: What are Different Universities Doing?. London: IFS. https://doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2012.00134.
   Google Scholar
• Christie, H., M. Munro, and H. Rettig. 2001. “Making Ends Meet: Student Incomes and Debt.” Studies in Higher Education 26 (3): 363–383. doi:10.1080/03075070120076318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, R. 1979. The Credential Society: An Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cranmer, S. 2006. “Enhancing Graduate Employability: Best Intentions and Mixed Outcomes.” Studies in Higher Education 31 (2): 169–184. doi:10.1080/03075070600572041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis, S., and N. Shani. 2009. “The Effect of Taking Paid Employment During Term-Time on Students’ Academic Studies.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 26 (2): 129–138. doi:10.1080/0309877022012940.
   Google Scholar
• Dearden, L., E. Fitzsimons, and G. Wyness. 2014. “‘Money for nothing: Estimating the impact of student aid on participation in higher education’.” Economics of Education Review. Elsevier Ltd 43: 66–78. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2014.09.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department for Business Innovation and Skills (BIS). 2011a. Higher Education: Students at the Heart of the System, Cm 8122. London: Stationery Office. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/31384/11-944-higher-education-students-at-heart-of-system.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Department for Business Innovation and Skills (BIS). 2016. Success in a Knowledge Economy: Teaching Excellence, Social Mobility, and Student Choice. London: Higher Education Reform Directorate. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523396/bis-16-265-success-as-a-knowledge-economy.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Business, Innovation, and Skills (BIS). 2011b. The National Scholarship Programme – Year One. Press Release 10-2-2011. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-scholarship-programme-year-1
   Google Scholar
• Greenbank, P. 2015. “Still Focusing on the ‘Essential 2:1ʹ: Exploring Student Attitudes to Extra-Curricular Activities.” Education + Training 57 (2): 184–203. doi:10.1108/ET-06-2013-0087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, N. 2018. Moving on Up: Pathways of Care Leavers and Care-Experienced Students into and through Higher Education. Winchester: National Network for the Education of Care Leavers & UWE. Retrieved from. http://www.nnecl.org/resources/moving-on-up-report?topic=guides-and-toolkits
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, N., F. Chudry, R. Waller, and S. Hatt. 2015. “Towards a Typology of Debt Attitudes among Contemporary Young UK Undergraduates.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 39 (1): 85–107. doi:10.1080/0309877X.2013.778966.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hovdhaugen, E. 2015. “Working While Studying: The Impact of Term-Time Employment on Dropout Rates.” Journal of Education and Work 28 (6): 631–651. doi:10.1080/13639080.2013.869311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey, R. 2006. “Pulling Structured Inequality into Higher Education: The Impact of Part-Time Working on English University Students.” Higher Education Quarterly 60 (3): 270–286. doi:10.1111/hequ.2006.60.issue-3.
   Google Scholar
• Jameson, J., K. Strudwick, S. Bond-Taylor, and M. Jones. 2011. “Academic Principles versus Employability Pressures: A Modern Power Struggle or a Creative Opportunity?” Teaching in Higher Education 17 (July 2011): 1–13. doi:10.1080/13562517.2011.590978.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, R. 2014. Social Identity (4th ed). Oxford: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kate, P., and P. Elias. 2010. Working Paper 3: The Impact of Paid and Unpaid Work and of Student Debt on Experience of Higher Education. Warwick: Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick. https://www.hecsu.ac.uk/assets/assets/documents/futuretrack/Futuretrack_Stage_3_Working_Paper_3.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Knight, P., and M. Yorke. 2004. Learning, Curriculum and Employability in Higher Education. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lucas, R., and N. Lammont. 1998. “Combining Work and Study: An Empirical Study of Full-Time Students in School, College and University.” Journal of Education and Work 11 (1): 41–56. doi:10.1080/1363908980110103.
   Google Scholar
• Maher, J., K. Rooney, M. Toomse-Smith, Z. Kiss, E. Pollard, M. Williams, J. Hillage, M. Green, C. Huxley, and W. Hunt. 2018. Student Income and Expenditure Survey 2014 to 2015. London: Department for Education. https://bit.ly/2qkCdOE
   Google Scholar
• Mangan, J., A. Hughes, and K. Slack. 2010. “Student Finance, Information and Decision Making.” Higher Education 60 (5): 459–472. doi:10.1007/s10734-010-9309-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marginson, S. 2017. ‘Limitations of Human Capital Theory’, Studies in Higher Education, 1–15. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2017.1359823.
   Google Scholar
• McCaig, C. 2016. “The Retreat from Widening Participation? The National Scholarship Programme and New Access Agreements in English Higher Education.” Studies in Higher Education 41 (2): 215–30. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2014.916672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalf, H. 2003. “Increasing Inequality in Higher Education: The Role of Term-Time Working.” Oxford Review of Education 29 (3): 315–329. doi:10.1080/03054980307447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreau, M.-P., and C. Leathwood. 2006. “Balancing Paid Work and Studies: Working (‐Class) Students in Higher Education.” Studies in Higher Education 31 (1): 23–42. doi:10.1080/03075070500340135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, J. November 12, 2015. “How the redbrick universities created British higher education. Scholar contends that civic universities were a ‘Renaissance nobody notices’”. Times Higher Education. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/how-the-redbrick-universities-created-british-higher-education
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, R., and G. Wyness (2016) Testing Means-Tested Aid. No 1396 Revised. London. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/66060/7/dp1396.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Union of Students (NUS). 2012. Students Working While Studying. London: National Union of Students & National Association of Student Employment Services. http://www.poundinyourpocket.org.uk/downloads/NASES_report_web.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Union of Students (NUS). 2013. NUS Figures Show New Students Face Cost of Living Crisis. London: National Union of Students. https://www.nus.org.uk/en/news/press-releases/nus-figures-show-new-students-face-cost-of-living-crisis/.
   Google Scholar
• Patton, M. Q. 2002. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods (3rd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Pennell, H., and A. West. 2005. “The Impact of Increased Fees on Participation in Higher Education in England.” Higher Education Quarterly 59 (2): 127–137. doi:10.1111/hequ.2005.59.issue-2.
   Google Scholar
• Pollard, E., W. Hunt, J. Hillage, E. Drever, J. Chanfreau, S. Coutinho, and E. Poole. 2013. Student Income and Expenditure Survey 2011/12: English-Domiciled Students. London: Department for Business, Education, and Skills (BIS). https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/301467/bis-14-723-student-income-expenditure-survey-2011-12.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Purcell, K., P. Elias, G. Atfield, H. Behle, R. Ellison, and D. Luchinskaya. 2013. Transitions into Employment, Further Study and Other Outcomes: The Futuretrack Stage 4 Report. Warwick: Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick.
   Google Scholar
• Richardson, M., C. Evans, and G. Gbadamosi. 2009. “Funding Full-Time Study through Part‐Time Work.” Journal of Education and Work 22 (4): 319–334. doi:10.1080/13639080903277394.
   Google Scholar
• Richardson, M., C. Evans, and G. Gbadamosi. 2014. “The Work–Study Nexus: The Challenges of Balancing Full-Time Business Degree Study with a Part-Time Job.” Research in Post-Compulsory Education 16 (3): 302–309. doi:10.1080/13596748.2014.920582.
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson, J., and S. Clegg. 2011. “Possible Selves: Students Orientating Themselves Towards the Future through Extra Curricular Activity.” British Educational Research Journal 37 (2): 231–246. doi:10.1080/01411920903540672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Student Loan Company (SLC). 2015. Student Support for Higher Education in England 2015: 2014/15 Payments, 2015/16 Awards - SLC SFR 05/2015. Glasgow: Student Loans Company. http://www.slc.co.uk/media/6669/slcsfr052015.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Tomlinson, M. 2007. “Graduate Employability and Student Attitudes and Orientations to the Labour Market.” Journal of Education and Work 20 (4): 285–304. doi:10.1080/13639080701650164.
   Google Scholar
• Tomlinson, M. 2008. “‘The Degree Is Not Enough’: Students’ Perceptions of the Role of Higher Education Credentials for Graduate Work and Employability.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 29 (1): 49–61. doi:10.1080/01425690701737457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, A., J. Roberts, J. Lewis, and P. Noden. 2015. “Paying for Higher Education in England: Funding Policy and Families.” British Journal of Educational Studies 63 (1): 23–45. doi:10.1080/00071005.2014.990353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, M. 2000. “Interpretivism and Generalisation.” Sociology 34 (2): 209–224. doi:10.1177/S0038038500000146.
   Google Scholar
• Yorke, M., and B. Longden. 2008. The First-Year Experience in Higher Education in the UK: Final Report. York: Higher Education Academy. https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/system/files/fyefinalreport_0.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Zwysen, W., and S. Longhi. 2017. “Employment and Earning Differences in the Early Career of Ethnic Minority British Graduates: The Importance of University Career, Parental Background and Area Characteristics.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 9451 (September): 1–19. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1338559.
   Google Scholar