Career aspirations of teenagers and the future of gender equality in occupations

References

• Adelman, C. 1991. Women at Thirtysomething: Paradoxes of Attainment. Washington, D.C: Office of Educational Research and Improvement.
   Google Scholar
• Ashby, J. S., and I. Schoon. 2010. “Career Success: The Role of Teenage Career Aspirations, Ambition Value and Gender in Predicting Adult Social Status and Earnings.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 77 (3): 350–360. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.06.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagilhole, B., and S. Cross. 2006. “It Never Struck Me as Female’: Investigating Men’s Entry into Female-Dominated Occupations.” Journal of Gender Studies 15 (1): 35–48. doi:10.1080/09589230500486900.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barth, J. M., R. E. Guadagno, C. A. E. Lindsay Rice, and J. A. Minney. 2015. “Untangling Life Goals and Occupational Stereotypes in Men’s and Women’s Career Interest.” Sex Roles 73 (11–12): 502–518. doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0537-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betsworth, D. G., and N. A. Fouad. 1997. “Vocational Interests: A Look at the past 70 Years and A Glance at the Future.” Career Development Quarterly 46 (1): 23–47. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00689.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betz, N. E., and G. Hackett. 1983. “The Relationship of Mathematics Self-Efficacy Expecations in the Selection of Science-Based College Majors.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 23 (3): 329. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(83)90046-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau, F. D., P. Brummund, and H. L. Albert Yung. 2013. “Trends in Occupational Segregation by Gender 1970–2009: Adjusting for the Impact of Changes in the Occupational Coding System.” Demography 50 (2): 471–492. doi:10.1007/s13524-012-0151-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blustein, D. L., A. P. Chaves, M. A. Diemer, L. A. Gallagher, K. G. Marshall, S. Sirin, and K. S. Bhati. 2002. “Voices of the Forgotten Half: The Role of Social Class in the School-to-Work Transition.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 49 (3): 311–323. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.49.3.311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. 2019. “Labor force statistics from the current population survey 2019.” https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.htm
   Google Scholar
• Buser, T., M. Niederle, and H. Oosterbeek. 2014. “Gender, Competition and Career Choices.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 129 (3): 1409–1447. doi:10.1093/qje/qju009.Advance.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cech, E. A. 2016. “Mechanism or Myth?: Family Plans and the Reproduction of Occupational Gender Segregation.” Gender and Society 30 (2): 265–288. doi:10.1177/0891243215608798.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceci, S. J., W. M. Williams, and S. M. Barnett. 2009. “Women’s Underrepresentation in Science: Sociocultural and Biological Considerations.” Psychological Bulletin 135 (2): 218–261. doi:10.1037/a0014412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, E. S., C. Chen, E. Greenberger, D. Dooley, and J. Heckhausen. 2006. “What Do They Want in Life?: The Life Goals of a Multi-Ethnic, Multi-Generational Sample of High School Seniors.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 35 (3): 302–313. doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9034-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheryan, S., E. J. Lombard, L. Hudson, V. C. P. Kengthsagn Louis, and M. C. Murphy. 2019. “Double Isolation: Identity Expression Threat Predicts Greater Gender Disparities in Computer Science.” Self and Identity 1–23. doi:10.1080/15298868.2019.1609576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheryan, S., A. Master, and A. N. Meltzoff. 2015. “Cultural Stereotypes as Gatekeepers: Increasing Girls’ Interest in Computer Science and Engineering by Diversifying Stereotypes.” Frontiers in Psychology 6 (FEB): 1–8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00049.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coontz, P. D. 1995. “Gender Bias in the Legal Profession.” Women & Politics 15 (2): 1–22. doi:10.1300/J014v15n02_01.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correll, S. J. 2001. “Gender and the Career Choice Process: The Role of Biased Self‐Assessments.” American Journal of Sociology 106 (6): 1691–1730. doi:10.1086/321299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortes, P., and J. Pan. 2018. “Occupation and Gender.” In The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy, edited by S. L. Averett, L. M. Argys, and S. Hoffman, 425–452. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davey, C. L., and M. J. Davidson. 2000. “The Right of Passage? The Experiences of Female Pilots in Commercial Aviation.” Feminism & Psychology 10 (2): 195–225. doi:10.1177/0959353500010002002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diemer, M. A. 2007. “Parental and School Influences upon the Career Development of Poor Youth of Color.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 70 (3): 502–524. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2007.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diemer, M. A. 2012. “Fostering Marginalized Youths’ Political Participation: Longitudinal Roles of Parental Political Socialization and Youth Sociopolitical Development.” American Journal of Community Psychology 50 (1–2): 246–256. doi:10.1007/s10464-012-9495-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diemer, M. A., and S. R. Ali. 2009. “Integrating Social Class into Vocational Psychology: Theory and Practice Implications.” Journal of Career Assessment 17 (3): 247–265. doi:10.1177/1069072708330462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diemer, M. A., and C. A. Hsieh. 2008. “Sociopolitical Development and Vocational Expectations among Lower Socioeconomic Status Adolescents of Color.” Career Development Quarterly 56 (3): 257–267. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2008.tb00040.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dryburgh, H. 1999. “Work Hard, Play Hard: Women and Professionalization in Engineering – Adapting to the Culture.” Gender & Society 13 (5): 664–682. doi:10.1177/089124399013005006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eccles, J. S. 1987. “Gender Roles and Women’s Achievement-Related Decisions.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 11: 135–172. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00781.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eccles, J. S., J. E. Jacobs, and R. D. Harold. 1990. “Gender Role Stereotypes, Expectancy Effects, and Parents’ Socialization of Gender Differences.” Journal of Social Issues 46 (2): 183–201. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb01929.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, R. M., and B. Rubineau. 2019. “Network Recruitment and the Glass Ceiling: Evidence from Two Firms.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5 (3): 88–102. doi:10.7758/RSF.2019.5.3.05.
   Google Scholar
• Fouad, N. A., and A. M. Byars-Winston. 2005. “Cultural Context of Career Choice: Meta-Analysis of Race/Ethnicity Differences.” Career Development Quarterly 53 (3): 223–233. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2005.tb00992.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis, B. 2002. “Is The Future Really Female ? The Impact And Implications Of Gender For 14-16 Year Olds ’ Career Choices Is the Future Really Female ? The Impact and Implications of Gender for 14 – 16 Year Olds ’ Career Choices.” Journal of Education and Work 15 (1): 75–88. doi:10.1080/1363908012010673.
   Google Scholar
• Franken, M. W. 1983. “Sex Role Expectations in Children’s Vocational Aspirations and Perceptions of Occupations.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 8 (1): 59–68. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1983.tb00617.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frome, P. M., C. J. Alfeld, J. S. Eccles, and B. L. Barber. 2006. “Why Don’t They Want a Male-Dominated Job? An Investigation of Young Women Who Changed Their Occupational Aspirations.” Educational Research and Evaluation 12 (4): 359–372. doi:10.1080/13803610600765786.
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher, M. B., J. Pettigrew, and O. Muldoon. 2015. “Occupational Choice of Youth in a Disadvantaged Community.” British Journal of Occupational Therapy 78 (10): 622–629. doi:10.1177/0308022615583065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutek, B., and B. Morasch. 1982. “Sex-Ratios, Sex-Role Spillover, and Sexual Harassment of Women at Work.” Journal of Social Issues 38 (4): 55–74. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1982.tb01910.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardie, J. H. 2015. “Women’s Work? Predictors of Young Men’s Aspirations for Entering Traditionally Female-Dominated Occupations.” Sex Roles 72 (7–8): 349–362. doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0449-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauser, R. M., and D. K. Anderson. 1991. “Post-High School Plans and Aspirations of Black and White High School Seniors : 1976–86.” Sociology of Education 64 (4): 263–277. doi:10.2307/2112707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilman, M. E. 1979. “High School Students’ Occupational Interest as a Function of Projected Sex Ratios in Male-Dominated Occupations.” Journal of Applied Psychology 64 (3): 275–279. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.64.3.275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard, K. A. S., A. H. Carlstrom, A. D. Katz, A. Y. Chew, G. Christopher Ray, L. Laine, and D. Caulum. 2011. “Career Aspirations of Youth: Untangling Race/Ethnicity, SES, and Gender.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 79 (1): 98–109. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen, S., and U. Backes-Gellner. 2016. “Occupational Stereotypes and Gender-Specific Job Satisfaction.” Industrial Relations 55 (1): 71–91. doi:10.1111/irel.12126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. D., D. L. Stone, and T. Nichole Phillips. 2008. “Relations among Ethnicity, Gender, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Intention to Pursue a Career in Information Technology.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 38 (4): 999–1022. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00336.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kugler, A. D., C. H. Tinsley, O. Ukhaneva, G. Akerlof, D. Autor, K. Butcher, D. Figlio, et al. 2017. “Choice of Majors: Are Women Really Different from Men?” 23735. NBER Working Paper Series. Camrbidge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Kvande, E. 2002. “Doing Masculinities in Organizational Restructuring.” NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 10 (1): 16–25. doi:10.1080/080387402317533853.
   Google Scholar
• Lemkau, J. P. 1979. “Personality and Background Characteristics of Women in Male-Dominated Occupations: A Review.” Psycology of Women Quarterly 4 (2): 1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupton, B. 2006. “Explaining Men’s Entry into Female-Concentrated Occupations: Issues of Masculinity and Social Class.” Gender, Work, and Organization 13 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2006.00299.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, P., and A. Barnard. 2013. “The Experience of Women in Male-Dominated Occupations: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Inquiry.” SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 39 (2): 1–12. doi:10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1099.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, S. 1994. “Outsiders within the Station House: The Impact of Race and Gender on Black Women Police.” Social Problems 41 (3): 383–400. doi:10.4324/9780429500268-20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, S. E. 1999. “Police Force or Police Service? Gender and Emotional Labor.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 561 (1): 111–126. doi:10.1177/000271629956100108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon, M., and W. Patton. 1997. “Gender Differenes in Children and Adolescents’ Perceptions of Influences on Their Career Development.” The School Counselor 44 (5): 368–376.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, L., and R. Hayward. 2006. “New Jobs, Old Occupational Stereoypes: Gender and Jobs in the New Economy.” Journal of Education and Work 19 (1): 67–93. doi:10.1080/13639080500523000.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, S. L., D. Gelbgiser, and K. A. Weeden. 2013. “Feeding the Pipeline: Gender, Occupational Plans, and College Major Selection.” Social Science Research 42 (4): 989–1005. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.03.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Policy and Global Affairs, Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine, Committee on the Impacts of Sexual Harassment in Academia. 2018. Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consquences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washignton, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nehmeh, G., and A. Kelly. 2018. “Women Physicists and Sociocognitive Considerations in Career Choice and Persistence.” Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 24 (2): 95–119. doi:10.1615/JWomenMinorScienEng.2017019867.
   Google Scholar
• O’Keefe, E. S. C., and J. S. Hyde. 1983. “The Development of Occupational Sex-Role Stereotypes: The Effects of Gender Stability and Age.” Sex Roles 9 (4): 481–492. doi:10.1007/BF00289788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ost, B. 2010. “The Role of Peers and Grades in Determining Major Persistence in the Sciences.” Economics of Education Review 29 (6): 923–934. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.06.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packard, B. W.-L., and D. Nguyen. 2003. “Science Career-Related Possible Selves of Adolescent Girls: A Longitudinal Study.” Journal of Career Development 29 (4): 251–263. doi:10.1177/089484530302900403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papafilippou, V., and L. Bentley. 2017. “Gendered Transitions, Career Identities and Possible Selves: The Case of Engineering Graduates.” Journal of Education and Work 30 (8): 827–839. doi:10.1080/13639080.2017.1375088.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrone, K. M., W. E. Sedlacek, and C. M. Alexander. 2001. “Gender and Ethnic Differences in Career Goal Attainment.” Career Development Quarterly 50 (2): 168–178. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2001.tb00981.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, J. C., J. Przybysz, and M. Al-Sheikh. 2009. “Reconsidering the Aspiration-expectation Gap and Assumed Gender Differences among Urban Youth.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 74 (3): 349–354. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.02.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt, L., and S. Parsons. 2017. Is the Future Female? Educational and Occupational Aspirations of Teenage Boys and Girls in the UK CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper 2017/17, 42, Centre for Longitudinal Studies, London.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, A. 2009. “The (Un) balancing act : the impact of culture on women engineering students ’ gendered and professional identities.” Loughborough University. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/4833
   Google Scholar
• Pullen, A., and R. Simpson. 2009. “Managing Difference in Feminized Work: Men, Otherness and Social Practice.” Human Relations 62 (4): 561–587. doi:10.1177/0018726708101989.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian, Y., and W. Fan. 2018. “Composition and Affective Well-Being in the United States.” Journal of Happiness Studies 1–32. doi:10.1007/s10902-018-0039-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich, R. B. 1993. Selected Characteristics of Occupations Defined in the Revised Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Washington, D.C: Employment and Training Administration.
   Google Scholar
• Richman, L. S., M. vanDellen, and W. Wood. 2011. “How Women Cope: Being a Numerical Minority in a Male-Dominated Profession.” Journal of Social Issues 67 (3): 492–509. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01711.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riegle-Crumb, C., C. Moore, and A. Ramos-Wada. 2011. “Who Wants to Have a Career in Science or Math? Exploring Adolescents’ Future Aspirations by Gender and Race/Ethnicity.” Science Education 95 (3): 458–476. doi:10.1002/sce.20431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojewski, J. W., and B. Yang. 1997. “Longitudinal Analysis of Select Influences on Adolescents’ Occupational Aspirations.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 51 (3): 375–410. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.1561.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rommes, E., G. Overbeek, R. Scholte, R. Engels, and D. K. Raymond. 2007. “I’m Not Interested in Computers’: Gender-Based Occupational Choices of Adolescents.” Information Communication and Society 10 (3): 299–319. doi:10.1080/13691180701409838.
   Google Scholar
• Su, R., J. Rounds, and P. I. Armstrong. 2009. “Men and Things, Women and People: A Meta-Analysis of Sex Differences in Interests.” Psychological Bulletin 135 (6): 859–884. doi:10.1037/a0017364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, M., W. Pan, and M. D. Newmeyer. 2008. “Factors Influencing High School Students ’ Career Aspirations.” Professional School Counseling 285–295. doi:10.5330/PSC.n.2010-11.285.
   Google Scholar
• Todd, S. C., and A. Padgett. 1979. “Guide for Occupational Exploration: A New Approach in Career Planning.” Journal of Employment Counseling 16 (1): 16–20. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1920.1979.tb00685.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts, J. H. 2009. “Allowed into a Man’s World’ Meanings of Work-Life Balance: Perspectives of Women Civil Engineers as ‘Minority’ Workers in Construction.” Gender, Work, and Organization 16 (1): 37–57. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2007.00352.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weeden, K. A., D. Gelbgiser, and S. L. Morgan. 2020. “Pipeline Dreams: Occupational Plans and Gender Differences in STEM Major Persistence and Completion.” Sociology of Education 93 (4): 297–314. doi:10.1177/0038040720928484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, C. L. 1992. “The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the ‘Female’ Professions.” Social Problems 39 (3): 253–267. doi:10.2307/3096961.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, C. L. 1995. Still an Man’s Worl: Men Who Do Women’s Work. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, W. J. 1997. When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. New York: Vintage.
   Google Scholar
• Woodhams, C., B. Lupton, and M. Cowling. 2015. ““The Presence of Ethnic Minority and Disabled Men in Feminised Work: Intersectionality, Vertical Segregation and the Glass Escalator.”.” Sex Roles 72 (7–8): 277–293. doi:10.1007/s11199-014-0427-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yavorsky, J. E., P. N. Cohen, and Y. Qian. 2016. “Man Up, Man Down: Race–Ethnicity and the Hierarchy of Men in Female-Dominated Work.” Sociological Quarterly 57 (4): 733–758. doi:10.1111/tsq.12152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yavorsky, J. E., and J. Dill. 2020. “Unemployment and Men’s Entrance into Female-Dominated Jobs.” Social Science Research 85 (October 2019): 102373. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar