Context as co-creator in spiritual life stories: the contextual nature of South African adolescents’ spiritual identity development

References

• American Psychological Association. 2009. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Banda, C. 2019. “Redefining Religion? A Critical Christian Reflection on CRL Rights Commission’s Proposal to Regulate Religion in South Africa.” Verbum et Ecclesia 40 (1). doi:10.4102/ve.v40i1.1948.
   Google Scholar
• Barret, J. L. 2000. “Exploring the Natural Foundations of Religion.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (1): 29–43. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01419-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, P. L. 2004. “Emerging Themes in Research on Adolescent Spiritual and Religious Development.” Applied Developmental Science 8 (1): 47–50. doi:10.1207/S1532480XADS0801_6.
   Google Scholar
• Bertram-Troost, G. D., S. A. De Roos, and S. Miedema. 2007. “Religious Identity Development of Adolescents in Christian Secondary Schools: Effects of School and Religious Backgrounds of Adolescents and Their Parents.” Religious Education 102 (2): 132–150. doi:10.1080/00344080701285402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggerstaff, D. L., and A. R. Thompson. 2008. “Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA): A Qualitative Methodology of Choice in Healthcare Research.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 5: 173–183. doi:10.1080/14780880802314304.
   Google Scholar
• Boud, D. 2001. “Using Journal Writing to Enhance Reflective Practice.” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 90: 9–17. doi:10.1002/ace.16.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. 1973. Separation: Anxiety and Anger. London, UK: Hogarth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brittian, A. S., N. Lewin, and S. A. Norris. 2013. ““You Must Know Where You Come From”: South African Youths’ Perceptions of Religion in Time of Social Change.” Journal of Adolescent Research 28 (6): 1–22. doi:10.1177/0743558413480834.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner, U. 2005. Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. 1996. “Constitution OF the Republic of South Africa Act No 108 OF 1996.” Pretoria, South Africa. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5de4.html
   Google Scholar
• Cote, J. E., and S. J. Schwartz. 2002. “Comparing Psychological and Sociological Approaches to Identity: Identity Status, Identity Capital, and the Individualisation Process.” Journal of Adolescence 25 (1): 571–586. doi:10/1006/jado.2002.0511.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis, E. B., G. L. Moriarty, and J. C. Mauch. 2012. “God Images and God Concepts: Definitions, Development and Dynamics.” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 5 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1037/a0029289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denzin, N. K., Y. S. Lincoln, and M. D. Giardina. 2006. “Disciplining Qualitative Research.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 19 (6): 769–782. doi:10.1080/09518390600975990.
   Google Scholar
• Edward, S., and J. Thwala. 2010. “South African Spiritual Healing: Some Empirical Research Investigations and Interventions.” Journal of Psychology in Africa 21 (1): 242–263.
   Google Scholar
• Erikson, E. H. 1968. Identity, Youth and Crisis. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Faull, K., and M. D. Hills. 2006. “The Role of the Spiritual Dimension of the Self as the Prime Determinant of Health.” Disability and Rehabilitation 28 (11): 729–740. doi:10.1080/09638280500265946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay, L. 2008. “A Dance between the Reduction and Reflexivity: Explicating the “Phenomenological Psychological Attitude”.” Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 39: 1–32. doi:10.1163/156916208X311601.
   Google Scholar
• Finlay, L. 2009. “Debating Phenomenological Research Methods.” Phenomenology & Practice 3 (1): 6–25. doi:10.1007/978-94-6091-834-6_2.
   Google Scholar
• Fisherman, S. 2004. “Ego Identity and Spiritual Identity in Religiously Observant Adolescents in Israel.” Religious Education 99 (4): 371–384. doi:10.1080/00344080490513090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., C. Campbell, and A. Bateman. 2017. “Mentalizing, Attachment, and Epistemic Trust in Group Therapy.” International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 67 (2): 176–201. doi:10.1080/00207284.2016.1263156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., G. Gergely, and M. Target. 2007. “The Parent-infant Dyad and the Construction of the Subjective Self.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 48: 288–328. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01727.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., P. Luyten, E. Allison, and C. Campbell. 2018. “Reconciling Psychoanalytic Ideas with Attachment Theory.” In Handbook of Attachment, edited by P. Shaver and J. Cassidy, 780–804. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, W. J., and A. Brown. 2009. Working with Qualitative Data. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Giorgi, A. 2006. “Difficulties Encountered in the Application of the Phenomenological Method in the Social Sciences.” Analise Psicologica 3 (25): 353–361. doi:10.1080/20797222.2008.11433956.
   Google Scholar
• Granqvist, P., M. Mikulincer, V. Gewirtz, and P. R. Shaver. 2012. “Experimental Findings on God as an Attachment Figure: Normative Processes and Moderating Effects of Internal Working Models.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 103 (1): 804–818. doi:10.1037/a0029344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). 2008. “Booklet 6: General Ethical Guidelines for Health Researchers.” http://www.hpcsa.co.za/Uploads/editor/UserFiles/downloads/conduct_ethics/rules/generic_ethicalrules/booklet6genethicalguidelinesforresearchers.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kiesling, C., and G. T. Sorell. 2009. “Joining Erikson and Identity Specialists in the Quest to Characterise Adult Spiritual Identity.” Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research 9 (1): 252–271. doi:10.1080/15283480903344554.
   Google Scholar
• King, P. E. 2003. “Religion and Identity: The Role of Ideological, Social and Spiritual Contexts.” Applied Developmental Science 7 (3): 197–204. doi:10.1207/S1532480XADS0703_11.
   Google Scholar
• King, P. E., and R. W. Roeser. 2009. “Religion and Spirituality in Adolescent Development.” In Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, edited by R. M. Learner and L. Steinberg, 435–478. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Klenke, K. 2007. “Authentic Leadership: A Self, Leader, and Spiritual Identity Perspective.” International Journal of Leadership Studies 3 (1): 68–97. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.30915.71208.
   Google Scholar
• Larkin, M., and A. Thompson. 2012. “Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.” In Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health and Psychotherapy: A Guide for Students and Practitioners, edited by A. Thompson and D. Harper, 99–116. Oxford, UK: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, R. M. 1996. “Relative Plasticity, Integration, Temporality, and Diversity in Human Development: A Developmental Contextual Perspective about Theory, Process and Method.” Developmental Psychology 32 (4): 781–786. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.32.4.781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner, R. M. 2007. The Good Teen: Rescuing Adolescence from the Myths of the Storm and Stress Years. New York, NY: Crown Publishing Group.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, R. M., A. Von Eye, J. Lerner, and S. Lewin-Bizan. 2009. “Exploring the Foundations and Functions of Adolescent Thriving within the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development: A View of the Issues.” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 30 (5): 567–570. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2009.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magaldi-Dopman, D., and J. Park-Taylor. 2013. “Sacred Adolescence: Practical Suggestions for Psychologists Working with Adolescents’ Religious and Spiritual Identity.” Spirituality in Clinical Practice 1 (5): 40–52. doi:10.1037/2326-4500.1.S.40.
   Google Scholar
• Mattis, J. S., and R. J. Jagers. 2001. “A Relational Framework for the Study of Religiousity and Spirituality in the Lives of African Americans.” Journal of Community Psychology 29 (5): 519–539. doi:10.1002/jcop.1034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P. 1996. “Personality, Modernity, and the Storied Self: A Contemporary Framework for Studying Persons.” Psychological Inquiry 7 (4): 295–321. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0704_1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P. 2001. “The Psychology of Life Stories.” Review of General Psychology 5: 100–122. doi:10.1037//1089-2680.5.2.100.
   Google Scholar
• McDonald, A., R. Beck, S. Allison, and L. Norsworthy. 2005. “Attachment to God and Parents: Testing the Correspondence Vs. Compensation Hypotheses.” Journal of Psychology and Christianity 24 (1): 21–28. doi:10.1037/h0087684.
   Google Scholar
• McLean, K. C., M. Pasupathi, and J. L. Pals. 2007. “Selves Creating Stories Creating Selves: A Process Model of Self-development.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 11: 262–278. doi:10.1177/1088868307301034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, K. C., and M. W. Pratt. 2006. “Life’s Little (And Big) Lessons: Identity Statuses and Meaning-making in the Turning Point Narratives of Emerging Adults.” Developmental Psychology 42 (4): 714–722. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poll, J. B., and T. B. Smith. 2003. “The Spiritual Self: Toward a Conceptualization of Spiritual Identity Development.” Journal of Psychology and Theology 31 (2): 129–142. doi:10.1177/009164710303100204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabionet, S. E. 2011. “How I Learned to Design and Conduct Semi-structured Interviews: An Ongoing and Continuous Journey.” The Qualitative Report 16 (2): 563–566. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol16/iss2/13
   Google Scholar
• Ray, R. E., and S. H. McFadden. 2001. “The Web and the Quilt: Alternatives to the Heroic Journey toward Spiritual Development.” Journal of Adult Development 8 (4): 201–211. doi:10.1023/A:1011334411081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reker, G. T., and K. Chamberlain. 2000. Exploring Existential Meaning: Optimizing Human Development across the Life Span. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Roeser, R. W., S. S. Issac, M. Abo-Zena, A. Brittian, and S. C. Peck. 2008. “Self and Identity Processes in Spirituality and Positive Youth Development.” In Positive Youth Development and Spirituality: From Theory to Research, edited by R. M. Lerner, R. W. Roeser, and E. Phelps, 74–105. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ruland, J. P., and N. R. Ahern. 2007. “Transforming Student Perspectives through Reflective Writing.” Nurse Educator 32 (2): 81–88. doi:10.1097/01.NNE.0000264328.56039.1b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaap‐Jonker, H., and J. Corveleyn. 2014. “Mentalizing and Religion: A Promising Combination for Psychology of Religion, Illustrated by the Case of Prayer.” Archive for the Psychology of Religion 36: 1–20. doi:10.1163/15736121-12341292.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. J. 2001. “The Evolution of Eriksonian and Neo-Eriksonian Identity Theory and Research: A Review and Integration.” Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research 1 (1): 7–58. doi:10.1207/S1532706XSCHWARTZ.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. J., K. Luyckx, and V. L. Vignoles. 2011. Handbook of Identity Theory and Research. New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, C., and M. L. Denton. 2005. Soul Searching: The Religious and Spiritual Lives of American Teenagers. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. A., P. Flowers, and M. Larkin. 2009. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. A., and M. Osborn. 2008. “Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.” In Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Methods, edited by J. A. Smith, 54–79. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Templeton, J. L., and J. S. Eccles. 2006. “The Relation between Spiritual Development and Identity Processes.” In The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence, edited by E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, L. M. Wagener, and P. L. Benson, 252–265. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Van Rooyen, J. S. 2019. “The Relationship between African Traditional Religion and Governance in South Africa.” Unpublished master’s dissertation, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Yeh, C. J., and N. E. Borrero. 2012. “Social, Ecological, and Multicultural Issues Related to Students’ Spirituality.” School of Education Faculty Research 5 (1): 38–56. http://respository.usfca.edu/soe_fac/5
   Google Scholar