Vaporisation characteristics of methanol, ethanol and heptane droplets in opposed stagnation flow at low temperature and pressure

References

• Maclean , L. and Lave , L. 2007 . Evaluating automobile fuel/propulsion system technologies . Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , 29 : 1 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brusstar , M. , Stuhldreher , M. , Swain , D. and Pidgeon , W. 2002 . High efficiency and low emissions from a port-injected engine with neat alcohol fuels , Warrendale, PA : SAE 2002-01-2743, Society of Automotive Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Zeng , W. , Xu , M. , Zhang , M. and Zhang , Y. 2010 . Characterization of methanol and ethanol sprays from different DI injectors by using Mie-scattering and laser induced fluorescence at potential engine cold-start conditions (2010-01-0602), in SAE 2010 World Congress Detroit, MI
   Google Scholar
• Stan , C. and Troeger , R. 2001 . Internal mixture formation and combustion – from gasoline to ethanol (SAE 2001-01-1207), in SAE 2001 World Congress Detroit, MI
   Google Scholar
• Gong , Y. , Liu , S. and Li , Y. 2007 . Investigation on methanol spray characteristics . Energy & Fuels , 21 : 2991 – 2997 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutheil , E. and Sirignano , W. 1998 . Counterflow spray combustion modeling with detailed transport and detailed chemistry . Combust. Flame , 113 : 92 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , S. 1997 . Spray stagnation flames . Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , 23 : 303 – 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutheil , E. 2001 . Structure and extinction of laminar ethanol–air spray flames . Combust. Theory Model. , 5 : 131 – 145 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , S. and Williams , F. 2000 . Counterflow heptane flame structure . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 28 : 1031 – 1038 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Continillo , G. and Sirignano , W. 1990 . Counterflow Spray Combustion Modeling . Combust. Flame , 81 : 325 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , N. 2009 . Multiscale combustion and turbulence . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 32 : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramzon , B. and Sirignano , W. 1989 . Droplet vaporization model for spray combustion calculations . Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. , 32 : 1605 – 1618 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lentati , A. and Chelliah , H. 1998 . Dynamics of water droplets in a counterflow field and their effect on flame extinction . Combust. Flame , 115 : 158 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirignano , W. 2010 . Fluid dynamics and transport of droplets and sprays , 2nd ed. , Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Modak , A. , Abbud-Madrid , A. , Delplanque , J. and Kee , R. 2006 . The effect of mono-dispersed water mist on the suppression of laminar premixed hydrogen–, methane–, and propane–air flames . Combust. Flame , 144 : 103 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kee , R. , Yamashita , K. , Zhu , H. and Dean , A. 2011 . The effects of liquid-fuel physical properties, carrier-gas composition, and pressure, on strained opposed-flow non-premixed flames . Combust. Flame , 158 : 1129 – 1139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kee , R. , Coltrin , M. and Glarborg , P. 2003 . Chemically Reacting Flow , Hoboken, NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Sazhin , S. 2006 . Advanced models of fuel droplet heating and evaporation . Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , 32 : 162 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivas , Y. and Gutheil , E. 2004 . Modelling of droplet interaction in convective gas flows . Prog. Comput. Fluid Dynam. , 4 : 250 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirignano , W. and Wu , G. 2008 . Multicomponent-liquid-fuel vaporization with complex configuration . Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. , 51 : 4759 – 4774 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , G. and Sirignano , W. 2011 . Transient convective burning of interactive fuel droplets in double-layer arrays . Combust. Flame, , 158 : 2395 – 2407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , L. and Kong , S. C. 2011 . High-pressure vaporization modeling of multi-component petroleum–biofuel mixtures under engine conditions . Combust. Flame , 158 : 1705 – 1717 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemmon , E. W. , McLinden , M. O. and Friend , D. Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems Available at http://webbook.nist.gov.
   Google Scholar
• Dillon , H. and Penoncello , S. 2004 . A fundamental equation for the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of ethanol . Int. J. Thermophysics , 25 : 321 – 335 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kee , R. , Dixon-Lewis , G. , Warnatz , J. , Coltrin , M. and Miller , J. 1986 . A Fortran Computer Code Package for the Evaluation of Gas-Phase Multicomponent Transport Properties , SAND86-8246, Sandia National Laboratories .
   Google Scholar
• Kee , R. , Rupley , F. and Miller , J. 1987 . The CHEMKIN thermodynamic database , SAND87-8215, Sandia National Laboratories .
   Google Scholar
• Kee , R. , Rupley , F. , Meeks , E. and Miller , J. 1996 . CHEMKIN-III: A Fortran Chemical Kinetics Package for the Analysis of Gas-phase Chemical and Plasma Kineics , SAND96-8216, Sandia National Laboratories .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , H. , Xu , M. , Zhang , G. , Zhang , M. and Zhang , Y. 2010 . Investigation of ethanol spray from different DI injectors by using two-dimensional laser exciplex induced fluorescence at potential cold-start condition (ICEF2010-35090), in Proceedings of the ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference San Antonio, TX
   Google Scholar
• Ra , Y. and Reitz , R. 2009 . A vaporization model for discrete multi-component fuel sprays . Int. J. Multiphase Flow , 35 : 101 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , D. and Lee , C. 2005 . Development of a simplified bubble growth model for flash boiling sprays in direct injection spark ignition engines . Proc. Combust. Inst. , 30 : 2737 – 2744 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gemci , T. , Yakut , K. , Chigier , N. and Ho , T. 2004 . Experimental study of flash atomization of binary hydrocarbon liquids . Int. J. Multiphase Flow , 30 : 395 – 417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar