Simulations of sooting turbulent jet flames using a hybrid flamelet/stochastic Eulerian field method

References

• S.J. Brookes and J.B. Moss, Predictions of soot and thermal radiation properties in confined turbulent jet diffusion flames, Combust. Flame 116 (1999), pp. 486–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Carbonell, A. Oliva, and C.D. Perez-Segarra, Implementation of two-equation soot flamelet model for laminar diffusion flames, Combust. Flame 156 (2009), pp. 621–632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I.M. Aksit and J.B. Moss, A hybrid scalar model for sooting turbulent flames, Combust. Flame 145 (2006), pp. 231–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Pitsch, E. Riesmeier, and N. Peters, Unsteady Flamelet Modeling of Soot in Turbulent Diffusion Flames, Combust. Sci. Technol. 158 (2000), pp. 389–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Kronenburg, R.W. Bilger, and J.H. Kent, Modeling soot formation in turbulent-methane-air jet diffusion flames, Combust. Flame 121 (2000), pp. 24–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Kollmann, I.M. Kennedy, M. Metternich, and J.Y. Chen, Application of a soot model to a turbulent ethylene diffusion flame, in Soot Formation in Combustion, H. Bockhorn, ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994, pp. 503–524.
   Google Scholar
• R.P. Lindstedt and S.A. Louloudi, Joint-scalar transported PDF modeling of soot formation and oxidation, Proc. Combust. Inst. 30 (2005), pp. 775–783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.S. Mehta, D.C. Haworth, and M.F. Modest, Composition pdf/ Monte Carlo modeling of moderately sooting turbulent jet flames, Combust. Flame 157 (2010), pp. 982–994.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.S. Mehta, M.F. Modest, and D.C. Haworth, Radiation characteristics and turbulence–radiation interactions in sooting turbulent jet flames, Combust. Theory Model. 14 (2010), pp. 105–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Mauss, K. Netzell, and H. Lehtiniem, Aspect of modeling soot formation in turbulent diffusion flames, Combust. Sci. Technol. 178 (2006), pp. 1871–1855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunardi , R.M. Wholley, and M. Fairweather, Conditional moment closure prediction of soot formation in turbulent, nonpremixed ethylene flames, Combust. Flame 152 (2008), pp. 360–376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.M. Wholley, M. Fairweather, and Yunardi , Conditional moment closure modelling of soot formation in turbulent, non-premixed methane and propane flames, Fuel 88 (2009) 393–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.B. Pope, PDF methods for turbulent reactive flows, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 11 (1985), pp. 119–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.O. Fox, Computational models for turbulent reacting flows, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• D.C. Haworth, Progress in probability density function methods for turbulent reactive flows, Prog. Energy Combust. Ssci. 36 (2010), pp. 168–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.C. Haworth and S.B. Pope, Transported probability density function methods for Reynolds-averaged and large-eddy simulations, in Turbulent Combustion Modeling Advances, New Trends and Perspectives, T. Echekki and E. Mastorakos, eds., Springer, Dordrecht, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• V. Shabel'nikov and O. Soulard, Rapidly decorrelating velocity-field model as a tool for solving one-point Fokker-Planck equations for probability density functions of turbulent reactive scalars, Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005), pp. 016301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Valiño, A field Monte Carlo formulation for calculating the probability density function of a single scalar in a turbulent flow, Flow Turbul. Combust. 60 (1998), pp. 157–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Jaishree and D.C. Haworth, Comparisons of Lagrangian and Eulerian PDF methods in simulations of non-premixed turbulent jet flames with moderate-to-strong turbulence-chemistry interactions, Combust. Theory Model. 16 (2012), pp. 435–463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Jaishree, Lagrangian and Eulerian probability density function methods for turbulent reacting flows, Ph.D. thesis, The Pennsylvannia State Univesity, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• X.S. Bai, M. Balthasar, F. Mauss, and L. Fuchs, Detailed soot modeling in turbulent jet diffusion flames, Proc. Combust. Inst. 27 (1998), pp. 1623–1630.
   Google Scholar
• G. Ma, J.Z. Wen, F. Lightstone, and M.J. Thomson, Optimization of soot modeling in turbulent nonpremixed ethylene/air flames, Combust. Sci. Technol. 177 (2005), pp. 1567–1602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.P. Lindstedt, Simplified soot nucleation and surface growth steps for non-premixed flames, in Soot Formation in Combustion, H. Bockhorn, ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994, p. 417–441.
   Google Scholar
• A. Fuentes, R. Henriquez, F. Nmira, F. Liu, and J.L. Consalvi, Experimental and numerical study of the effects of the oxygen index on the radiation characteristics of laminar coflow diffusion flames, Combust. Flame 160 (2013), pp. 786–795.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.J. Brookes and J.B. Moss, Measurements of soot production and thermal radiation from confined turbulent jet diffusion flames of methane, Combust. Flame 116 (1999), pp. 49–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.H. Kent and D. Honnery, Modeling sooting turbulent jet flames using an extended flamelet technique, Combust. Sci. Technol. 54 (1987), pp. 383–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Coppalle and D. Joyeux, Temperature and soot volume fraction in turbulent diffusion flames: measurements of mean and fluctuating values, Combust. Flame 96 (1994), pp. 275–285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.J. Young, C.D. Stewart, K.J. Syed, and J.B. Moss, Soot formation on confined turbulent jet flame fuelled by pre-vaporized kerosene and by ethylene, Proc. Tenth ISABE Meeting, AIAA, Nottingham, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• S.Y. Lee, S.R. Turns, and R.J. Santoro, Measurements of soot, OH, and PAH concentrations in turbulent ethylene/air jet flames, Combust. Flame 156 (2009) 2264–2275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.M. Mahmoud, G.J. Nathan, P.R. Medwell, B.B. Dally, and Z.T. Alwahabi, Simultaneous planar measurements of temperature and soot volume fraction in a turbulent non-premixed jet flame, Proc. Combust. Inst. 35 (2015) 1931–1938.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. Nishida and S. Mukohara, Characteristics of soot formation and decomposition in turbulent diffusion flames, Combust. Flame 47 (1982), pp. 269–276.
   Google Scholar
• L. Wang, N.E. Endrud, S.R. Turns, M.D. D'Agostini, and A.G. Slavejkov, A study of the influence of oxygen index on soot radiation and emission characteristics of turbulent jet flames, Combust. Sci. Technol. 174 (2002), pp. 45–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N.E. Endrud, Soot, radiation and pollutant emissions in oxygen-enhanced turbulent jet flames, Master's thesis, The Pennsylvannia State University, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• A. Tewarson, Prediction of Fire Properties of Materials – Part I: Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Polymers. Factory Mutual Research Corporation J.I 0K3R3.RC: (NBS Grant #60NANB4D-0043); 1986.
   Google Scholar
• J.L. De Ris, P.K. Wu, and G. Heskestad, Fire radiation modeling, Proc. Combust. Inst. 28 (2000), pp. 2751–2759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Li and P.B. Sunderland, Smoke points of fuel–fuel and fuel inert mixtures, Fire Safety J. 61 (2013), pp. 226–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Fairweather, W.P. Jones, H.S. Ledin, and R.P. Lindstedt, Predictions of soot formation in turbulent non-premixed propane flames, Proc. Combust. Inst. 24 (1992), pp. 1067–1074.
   Google Scholar
• A. Heyl and H. Bockhorn, Flamelet Modeling of NO formation in laminar and turbulent diffusion flames, Chemosphere 42 (2001), pp. 449–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Hauke and L. Valiño, Computing reactive flows with a field Monte Carlo formulation and multi-scale methods, Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 193 (2004), pp. 1455–1470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Peters, Laminar diffusion flamelet models in non-premixed turbulent combustion, Prog. Ener. Combust. Sci. 10 (1984), pp. 319–339.
   Google Scholar
• Z. Qin, V.V. Lissianski, H. Yang, W.C. Gardiner, S.G. Scott, and H. Wang, Combustion chemistry of propane: a case study of detailed reaction mechanism optimization, Proc. Combust. Inst. 28 (2000), pp. 1663–1669.
   Google Scholar
• D. Carbonell, C.D. Perez-Segarra, P.J. Coelho, and A. Oliva, Flamelet mathematical models for non-premixed laminar combustion, Combust. Flame 156 (2009), pp. 334–347.
   Google Scholar
• J. Nagle and R.F. Strickland-Constable, Oxidation of carbon between 1000–2000°C, Proc. 5^th conference on carbon, Pergamon Press, London, pp. 154–164, 1962.
   Google Scholar
• C.P. Fenimore and G.W. Jones, Oxidation of soot by hydroxyl radicals, J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967), pp. 593–597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.G. Neoh, J.B. Howard, and A.F. Sarofim. Effects of oxidation on the physical structure of soot, Proc. Combust. Inst. 20 (1985), 951–957.
   Google Scholar
• F. Xu, A.M. El-Leathy, C.H. Kim, and G.M. Faeth. Soot surface oxidation in hydrocarbon/air diffusion flames at atmospheric pressure, Combust. Flame 132 (2003), 43–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Guo, F. Liu, G. Smallwood, and Ö.L. Gülder, Numerical study on the influence of hydrogen addition on soot formation in a laminar ethylene–air diffusion flame, Combust. Flame 145 (2006), 324–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.F. Modest, Radiative Heat Transfer, Second ed., Academic Press, New York, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• H. Chang and T. Charalampopoulos, Determination of the wavelength dependence of refractive indices of flame soot, Proc. R. Soc. 430 (1990), pp. 577–591.
   Google Scholar
• S.A. Tashkun, V.I. Perevalov, J.L. Teffo, A.D. Bykov, and N.N. Lavrentieva, CDSD-1000, the high-temperature carbon dioxide spectroscopic databank, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 82 (2003), pp. 165–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L.S. Rothman, I.E. Gordon, R.J. Barber, H. Dothe, R.R. Gamache, A. Goldman, V.I. Perevalov, S.A. Tashkun, and J. Tennyson, HITEMP: the high-temperature molecular spectroscopic database, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 111 (2010), pp. 2139–2150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Liu, G.J. Smallwood, and Ö.L. Gülder, Application of the statistical narrow-band correlated method to non-grey gas radiation in CO2-H2O mixtures: approximate treatments of overlapping bands, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Tranf. 68 (2001), pp. 401–417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.F. Modest and R.J. Riazzi, Assembly full spectrum k-distribution from a narrow band database: effects of mixing gases, gases and non-gray absorpting particles and non-gray scatters in non-gray enclosures, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans. 90 (2005), pp. 169–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Demarco, J.L. Consalvi, A. Fuentes, and S. Melis, Assessment of radiative property models in non-gray sooting media, Int. J. Therm. Sci. 50 (2011), pp. 1672–1684.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.J. Coelho, Numerical simulation of the interaction between turbulence and radiation in reactive flows, Prog. Ener. Combust. Sci. 33 (2007), pp. 311–383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.P. Leonard and J.E. Drummond, Why you should not use hybrid, power-law or related exponential schemes for convective modelling. there are much better alternatives, Int. J. Numer. Method Fluids 20 (1995), pp. 421–442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W.K. Chow and Y.L. Cheung, Selection of differencing scheme on simulating the sprinkler hot-air layer problem, Numer. Heat Trans. – Part A 35 (1999), pp. 311–330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Garmory, Micromixing effects in atmospheric reacting flows, Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• E.H. Chui, G.D. Raithby, and P.M.J. Hughes, Prediction of radiative transfer in cylindrical enclosures with the finite volume method, J. Thermophys. Heat Trans. 6 (1992), pp. 605–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.P. Leundsen and N. Peters, Experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of oxygen on soot formation in laminar counterflow flames of acetylene, Proc. Combust. Inst. 28 (2000), pp. 2619–2625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Beltrame, P. Porshnev, W. Merchan-Merchan, A. Saveliev, A. Fridman, L.A. Kennedy, O. Petrova, Z. Zhdanok, F. Amouri, and O. Charon, Soot and No formation in methane-oxygen enriched diffusion flames, Combust. Flame 124 (2001), pp. 295–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.O. Lee, C.M. Megaridis, S. Zelepouga, A. Saveliev, L.A. Kennedy, O. Charon, and F. Ammouri, Soot formation effects of oxygen concentration in the oxidizer stream of laminar coannular nonpremixed methane/air flames, Combust. Flame 121 (2000), pp. 323–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar