Depression and suicidal ideation in schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study from a lower middle-income country

References

• Addington D, Addington J, Maticka-Tyndale E. 1993. Assessing depression in schizophrenia: the Calgary Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 22:39–44.
   Google Scholar
• Adewuya AO, Makanjuola RO. 2009. Subjective quality of life of Nigerian schizophrenia patients: sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 120(2):160–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinsulore A, Aloba OO, Mapayi BM, Oloniniyi IO, Fatoye FO, Makanjuola RO. 2014. Relationship between depressive symptoms and quality of life in Nigerian patients with schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 49(8):1191–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ärnlöv J, Larsson A. 2015. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 386(9995):743–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhikha A, Farooq S ,Chaudhry N ,Naeem F, Husain N. 2015. Explanatory models of psychosis amongst British South Asians. Asian J Psychiatr. 16:48–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birchwood M, Smith J, Cochrane R, Wetton S, Copestake S. 1990. The Social Functioning Scale. The development and validation of a new scale of social adjustment for use in family intervention programmes with schizophrenic patients. Br J Psychiatry. 157:853–859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley PF, Miller BJ, Lehrer DS, Castle DJ. 2009. Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 35(2):383–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy RM, Yang F ,Kapczinski F, Passos IC. 2018. Risk factors for suicidality in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 96 studies. Schizophr Bull. 44(4):787–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang WC, Cheung R, Hui CL, Lin J, Chan SK, Lee EH, Chen EY. 2015. Rate and risk factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese patients presenting with first-episode non-affective psychosis in Hong Kong. Schizophr Res. 168(1–2):99–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman CL, Mullin K, Ryan CJ, Kuffel A, Nielssen O, Large MM. 2015. Meta-analysis of the association between suicidal ideation and later suicide among patients with either a schizophrenia spectrum psychosis or a mood disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 131(3):162–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson FJ, Ferrari AJ, Santomauro DF, Diminic S, Stockings E, Scott JG, McGrath JJ, Whiteford HA. 2018. Global epidemiology and burden of schizophrenia: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Schizophr Bull. 44(6):1195–1203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhry IB, Husain N, Husain MO, Hallak J, Drake R, Kazmi A, ur Rahman R, Hamirani MM, Kiran T, Mehmood N, et al. 2013. Ondansetron and simvastatin added to treatment as usual in patients with schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 14:101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhry IB, Husain MO, Khoso AB, Husain MI, Buch MH, Kiran T, Fu B, Bassett P, Qurashi I ,Ur Rahman R, et al. 2020. A randomised clinical trial of methotrexate points to possible efficacy and adaptive immune dysfunction in psychosis. Transl Psychiatry. 10(1):415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coentre R, Talina MC, Góis C, Figueira ML. 2017. Depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior after first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 253:240–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conley RR, Ascher-Svanum H, Zhu B, Faries DE, Kinon BJ. 2007. The burden of depressive symptoms in the long-term treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 90(1–3):186–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang C. 2019. Identification of risk factors for suicidal ideation in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 271:195–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischmann A, Arensman E, Berman A, Carli V, De Leo D, Hadlaczky G, Howlader S, Vijayakumar L, Wasserman D, Saxena S, et al. 2016. Overview evidence on interventions for population suicide with an eye to identifying best-supported strategies for LMICs. Glob Ment Health (Camb). 3:e5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gajalakshmi V, Peto R. 2007. Suicide rates in rural Tamil Nadu, South India: verbal autopsy of 39 000 deaths in 1997–98. Int J Epidemiol. 36(1):203–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galletly CA. 2017. Premature death in schizophrenia: bridging the gap. Lancet Psychiatry. 4(4):263–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregg L, Barrowclough C, Haddock G. 2007. Reasons for increased substance use in psychosis. Clin Psychol Rev. 27(4):494–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herdman M, Gudex C ,Lloyd A ,Janssen M ,Kind P ,Parkin D ,Bonsel G ,Badia X. 2011. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res. 20(10):1727–1736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hettige NC, Bani-Fatemi A ,Sakinofsky I ,De Luca V. 2018. A biopsychosocial evaluation of the risk for suicide in schizophrenia. CNS Spectr. 23(4):253–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hocaoglu C, Babuc ZT. 2009. Suicidal ideation in patients with schizophrenia. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 46(3):195–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hor K, Taylor M. 2010. Suicide and schizophrenia: a systematic review of rates and risk factors. J Psychopharmacol. 24(4 Suppl):81–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou CL, Ma XR, Cai MY, Li Y, Zang Y, Jia FJ, Lin YQ, Chiu HF, Ungvari GS, Hall BJ, et al. 2016. Comorbid moderate-severe depressive symptoms and their association with quality of life in Chinese patients with schizophrenia treated in primary care. Community Ment Health J. 52(8):921–926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain MO, Chaudhry IB, Mehmood N, Rehman RU, Kazmi A, Hamirani M, Kiran T ,Bukhsh A, Bassett P, Husain MI, et al. 2017. Pilot randomised controlled trial of culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CaCBTp) in Pakistan. BMC Health Serv Res. 17(1):808.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Husain N, Afsar S, Ara J, Fayyaz H, Rahman RU, Tomenson B, Hamirani M, Chaudhry N, Fatima B, Husain M, et al. 2014. Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. Br J Psychiatry. 204(6):462–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iemmi V, Bantjes J, Coast E, Channer K, Leone T, McDaid D, Palfreyman A, Stephens B, Lund C. 2016. Suicide and poverty in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry. 3(8):774–783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovanovic N, Podlesek A, Medved V, Grubišin J, Mihaljevic-Peleš A, Goran T, Lovretić V. 2013. Association between psychopathology and suicidal behavior in schizophrenia. A cross-sectional study of 509 participants. Crisis. 34(6):374–381.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kao YC, Liu YP, Cheng TH, Chou MK. 2012. Subjective quality of life and suicidal behavior among Taiwanese schizophrenia patients. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 47(4):523–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. 1987. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 13(2):261–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laursen TM. 2019. Causes of premature mortality in schizophrenia: a review of literature published in 2018. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 32(5):388–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majadas S, Olivares J, Galan J, Diez T. 2012. Prevalence of depression and its relationship with other clinical characteristics in a sample of patients with stable schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry. 53(2):145–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCutcheon RA, Reis Marques T, Howes OD. 2020. Schizophrenia-an overview. JAMA Psychiatry. 77(2):201–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pjescic KD, Nenadović MM, Jašović-Gašić M, Trajković G, Kostić M, Ristić-Dimitrijević R. 2014. Influence of psycho-social factors on the emergence of depression and suicidal risk in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Danub. 26(3):226–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompili M, Lester D, Grispini A, Innamorati M, Calandro F, Iliceto P, De Pisa E, Tatarelli R, Girardi P. 2009. Completed suicide in schizophrenia: evidence from a case-control study. Psychiatry Res. 167(3):251–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathod S, Pinninti N, Irfan M, Gorczynski P, Rathod P, Gega L, Naeem F. 2017. Mental health service provision in low- and middle-income countries. Health Serv Insights. 10:1178632917694350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reininghaus U ,Dutta R, Dazzan P ,Doody GA ,Fearon P, Lappin J, Heslin M, Onyejiaka A, Donoghue K, Lomas B, et al. 2015. Mortality in schizophrenia and other psychoses: a 10-year follow-up of the SOP first-episode cohort. Schizophr Bull. 41(3):664–673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schennach-Wolff R, Obermeier M, Seemüller F, Jäger M, Messer T, Laux G, Pfeiffer H ,Naber D, Schmidt LG, Gaebel W, et al. 2011. Evaluating depressive symptoms and their impact on outcome in schizophrenia applying the Calgary Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 123(3):228–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonmez N, Røssberg JI, Evensen J, Barder HE, Haahr U, Ten Velden Hegelstad W ,Joa I, Johannessen JO, Langeveld H, Larsen TK, et al. 2016. Depressive symptoms in first-episode psychosis: a 10-year follow-up study. Early Interv Psychiatry. 10(3):227–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stip E, Caron J, Tousignant M, Lecomte Y. 2017. Suicidal ideation and schizophrenia: contribution of appraisal, stigmatization, and cognition. Can J Psychiatry. 62(10):726–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suttajit S, Pilakanta S. 2015. Predictors of quality of life among individuals with schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 11:1371–1379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upthegrove R, Atulomah O, Brunet K, Chawla R. 2013. Cultural and social influences of negative illness appraisals in first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry. 7(4):399–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upthegrove R, Marwaha S, Birchwood M. 2017. Depression and schizophrenia: cause, consequence, or trans-diagnostic issue? Schizophr Bull. 43(2):240–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. 2014. Preventing suicide: a global imperative. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• Windfuhr K, Kapur N. 2011. Suicide and mental illness: a clinical review of 15 years findings from the UK National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide. Br Med Bull. 100:101–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan F, Xiang YT ,Hou YZ ,Ungvari GS ,Dixon LB ,Chan SS ,Lee EH ,Li WY ,Li WX ,Zhu YL, et al. 2013. Suicide attempt and suicidal ideation and their associations with demographic and clinical correlates and quality of life in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 48(3):447–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar