References
- Anon, 2009. The national standard of the People’s Republic of China GB/17278-2009. Basic requirements for products of digital topographic map [In Chinese] (Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China and General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China). Beijing: Standards Press of China.
- Castleman, K.R., 1996. Digital image processing. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press.
- Csillik, O., Evans, I.S., and Drăguţ, L., 2015. Transformation (normalization) of slope gradient and surface curvatures, automated for statistical analyses from DEMs. Geomorphology, 232, 65–77. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.038
- Evans, I.S., 1979. An integrated system of terrain analysis and slope mapping. Final report (Report 6) on Grant DA-ERO-591-73-G0040. In: Physica B: Condensed Matter, 210 (1), 59–66.
- Fattal, R., Agrawal, M., and Rusinkiewicz, S., 2007. Multiscale shape and detail enhancement from multi-light image collections. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH), 26, 3. doi:10.1145/1275808.1276441
- Florinsky, I.V., 1998. Accuracy of local topographic variables derived from digital elevation models. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 12 (1), 47–62. doi:10.1080/136588198242003
- Florinsky, I.V., 2009. Computation of the third-order partial derivatives from a digital elevation model. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 23 (2), 213–231. doi:10.1080/13658810802527499
- Florinsky, I.V., 2012. Digital terrain analysis in soil science and geology. 1sted. New York: Elsevier.
- Ge, Y., et al., 2014. Sampling design optimization of a wireless sensor network for monitoring ecohydrological processes in the Babao River basin, China. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 29 (1), 92–110. doi:10.1080/13658816.2014.948446
- Gonzalez, R.C. and Woods, R.E., 2011. Digital image processing. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press.
- Gonzalez, R.C., Woods, R.E., and Eddins, S.L., 2004. Digital image processing using Matlab. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press.
- Hengl, T. and Reuter, H.I., 2009. Geomorphometry: concepts, software, applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- Horn, B.K.P., 1981. Hill shading and the reflectance map. Proceedings of the IEEE, 69 (1), 14–47. doi:10.1109/PROC.1981.11918
- Hutchinson, M.F., 1989. A new procedure for gridding elevation and stream line data with automatic removal of spurious pits. Journal of Hydrology, 106 (3), 211–232. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(89)90073-5
- Jones, K.H., 1998. A comparison of algorithms used to compute hill slope as a property of the DEM. Computers & Geosciences, 24 (4), 315–323. doi:10.1016/S0098-3004(98)00032-6
- Liu, X.J., et al., 2004. A study of accuracy and algorithms for calculating slope and aspect based on grid digital elevation model (DEM) [In Chinese]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 33 (3), 258–263. doi:10.3321/j.1001-1595.2004.03.014
- Liu, X.J., et al., 2008. The accuracy assessment on slope algorithms with DEM error spatial auto correlation [In Chinese]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 37 (2), 200–206. doi:10.3321/j.1001-1595.2008.02.013
- Nixon, M.S. and Aguado, A.S., 2002. Feature extraction and image processing for computer vision. Oxford: Elsevier.
- Olaya, A.V., 2009. Basic land-surface parameters. Developments in Soil Science, 33 (8), 141–169. doi:10.1016/S0166-2481(08)00006-8
- Pennock, D.J., Zebarth, B.J., and Jong, E.D., 1987. Landform classification and soil distribution in hummocky terrain, Saskatchewan, Canada. Geoderma, 40 (3), 297–315. doi:10.1016/0016-7061(87)90040-1
- Qin, C.Z., et al., 2013. Uncertainty due to DEM error in landslide susceptibility mapping. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 27 (7), 1364–1380. doi:10.1080/13658816.2013.770515
- Sarkar, S., Roy, A.K., and Martha, T.R., 2013. Soil depth estimation through soil-landscape modeling using regression kriging in a Himalayan terrain. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 27 (12), 2436–2454. doi:10.1080/13658816.2013.814780
- Shannon, C.E., 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27 (3), 379–423. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
- Sharpnack, D.A. and Akin, G., 1969. An algorithm for computing slope and aspect from elevations. Photogrammetric Engineering, 35 (3), 247–248.
- Shary, P.A., Sharaya, L.S., and Mitusov, A.V., 2002. Fundamental quantitative methods of land surface analysis. Geoderma, 107 (1), 1–32. doi:10.1016/S0016-7061(01)00136-7
- Skidmore, A.K., 1989. A comparison of techniques for calculating gradient and aspect from a gridded digital elevation model. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 3 (4), 323–334. doi:10.1080/02693798908941519
- Sobel, I. and Feldman, G., 1968. A 3 × 3 isotropic gradient operator for image processing. Stanford Artificial Project, 7 (8), 271–272.
- Stricker, M. and Orengo, M., 1995. Similarity of color images. Proceedings of SPIE - the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2420, 381–392. doi:10.1117/12.205308
- Swain, M.J. and Ballard, D.H., 1991. Color indexing. International Journal of Computer Vision, 7 (1), 11–32. doi:10.1007/BF00130487
- Unwin, D.J., 1981. Introductory spatial analysis. Oxfordshire: Taylor and Francis.
- Wang, C.M., et al., 2016. Modeling change of topographic spatial structures with DEM resolution using semi-variogram analysis and filter bank. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 5 (7), 107. doi:10.3390/ijgi5070107
- Warren, S.D., et al., 2004. An evaluation of methods to determine slope using digital elevation data. Catena, 58 (3), 215–233. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2004.05.001
- Woodcock, C.E. and Strahler, A.H., 1987. The factor of scale in remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment, 21 (3), 311–332. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(87)90015-0
- Yang, Q.K., et al., 2006. Optimizing DEM resolution with information content analysis [In Chinese]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 23 (5), 21–23. doi:10.3969/j..1001-5485.2006.05.006
- Yang, Q.K., et al., 2007. Improving a digital elevation model by reducing source data errors and optimising interpolation algorithm parameters: an example in the Loess Plateau, China. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation & Geoinformation, 9 (3), 235–246. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2006.08.004
- Young, M. and Evans, I.S., 1978. Statistical characterization of altitude matrices by computer report 5. In: Terrain analysis: Program Documentation.
- Zevenbergen, L.W. and Thorne, C.R., 1987. Quantitative analysis of land surface topography. Earth Surface Processes & Landforms, 12 (1), 47–56. doi:10.1002/esp.3290120107
- Zhang, J.X., Chang, K.T., and Wu, J.Q., 2008. Effects of DEM resolution and source on soil erosion modelling: a case study using the WEPP model. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 22 (8), 925–942. doi:10.1080/13658810701776817