Booming Bohemia? Evidence from the US High-Technology Industry

References

• Acs , Z. J. and Audretsch , D. B. 1988 . Innovation in large and small firms: an empirical analysis . American Economic Review , 78 ( 4 ) : 678 – 690 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acs , Z. J. , Audretsch , D. B. and Feldman , M. P. 1992 . Real effects of academic research: comment . American Economic Review , 82 ( 1 ) : 363 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson , M. and Hellerstedt , K. 2009 . Location attributes and start-ups in knowledge-intensive business services . Industry and Innovation , 16 ( 1 ) : 103 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anselin , L. , Varga , A. and Acs , Z. 1997 . Local geographic spillovers between university research and high technology innovations . Journal of Urban Economics , 42 ( 3 ) : 422 – 448 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anselin , L. , Varga , A. and Acs , Z. 2000 . Geographical spillovers and university research: a spatial econometric analysis . Growth and Change , 31 ( 4 ) : 501 – 515 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audretsch , D. B. and Feldman , M. P. 1996 . R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production . American Economic Review , 86 ( 3 ) : 630 – 640 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bania , N. , Eberts , R. W. and Fogarty , M. S. 1993 . Universities and the startup of new companies: can we generalize from Route 128 and Silicon Valley? . Review of Economics and Statistics , 75 ( 4 ) : 761 – 766 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayer , P. and Timmins , C. 2005 . On the equilibrium properties of locational sorting models . Journal of Urban Economics , 57 ( 3 ) : 462 – 477 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayer , P. and Timmins , C. 2007 . Estimating equilibrium models of sorting across locations . Economic Journal , 117 ( 2 ) : 353 – 374 .
   Google Scholar
• Beaudry , C. and Schiffauerova , A. 2009 . Who's right, Marshall or Jacobs? The localization versus urbanization debate . Research Policy , 38 ( 2 ) : 318 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernanke , B. S. and Gürkaynak , R. S. 2001 . Is growth exogenous? Taking Mankiw, Romer, and Weil seriously . NBER Macroeconomics Annual , 16 : 11 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieri, D. S. (2008) Booming Bohemia? Evidence from the U.S. high-technology industry. SSRN Working Paper Series No. 1085322, Virginia Tech
   Google Scholar
• Blumenthal , P. , Wolman , H. L. and Hill , E. 2009 . Understanding the economic performance of metropolitan areas in the United States . Urban Studies , 46 ( 1 ) : 605 – 627 .
   Google Scholar
• Boschma , R. A. and Fritsch , M. 2009 . Creative class and regional growth: empirical evidence from seven European countries . Economic Geography , 85 ( 4 ) : 391 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brakman , S. , Garretsen , H. and van Marrewijk , C. 2009 . Economic geography within and between European nations: the role of market potential and density across space and time . Journal of Regional Science , 49 ( 4 ) : 777 – 800 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braunerhjelm , P. 2008 . Specialization of regions and universities: the new versus the old . Industry and Innovation , 15 ( 3 ) : 253 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlton , D. W. 1983 . The location and employment choices of new firms: an econometric model with discrete and continuous endogenous variables . Review of Economics and Statistics , 65 ( 3 ) : 440 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christopopoulos , D. K. and Tsionas , E. G. 2007 . Are regional incomes in the USA converging? A non-linear perspective . Regional Studies , 41 ( 4 ) : 525 – 530 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crone , T. M. 2005 . An alternative definition of economic regions in the United States based on similarities in the state business cycle . Review of Economics and Statistics , 87 ( 4 ) : 617 – 626 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crone , T. M. and Clayton-Matthews , A. 2005 . Consistent indices for the 50 states . Review of Economics and Statistics , 87 ( 4 ) : 593 – 603 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellickson, P. B., Houghton, S. and Timmins, C. (2008), Estimating network economies in retail chains: a revealed preference approach. Job Market Paper, Duke University, Durham, NC
   Google Scholar
• Ellison , G. and Glaeser , E. L. 1997 . Geographic concentration in U.S. manufacturing industries: a dartboard approach . Journal of Political Economy , 105 ( 5 ) : 889 – 927 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellison , G. and Glaeser , E. L. 1999 . The geographic concentration of industry: does natural advantage explain agglomeration . American Economic Review , 89 ( 2 ) : 311 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellison , G. , Glaeser , E. L. and Kerr , W. 2007 . What causes industry agglomeration? Evidence from coagglomeration patterns, Harvard University Institute Research Working Paper . 5 ( 2133 ) : 1 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Falck, O., Fritsch, M. and Heblich, S. (2009), Bohemians, human capital, and regional economic growth. CESifo Working Paper No. 2715, Münchener Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Munich
   Google Scholar
• Florida , R. 2002a . Bohemia and economic geography . Journal of Economic Geography , 2 : 55 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florida , R. 2002b . The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Florida , R. 2005 . The world is spiky: globalization has changed the economic playing field, but hasn't leveled it . Atlantic Monthly , 147 ( 9 ) : 48 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Florida, R., Gates, G., Knudsen, B. and Stolarick, K. (2006), The university and the creative economy, Mimeograph, CreativeClass.com
   Google Scholar
• Florida , R. , Gulden , T. and Mellander , C. 2008a . The rise of the mega-region Cambridge Journal of Regions . Economics and Society , 1 ( 3 ) : 459 – 476 .
   Google Scholar
• Florida , R. , Mellander , C. and Stolarick , K. 2008b . Inside the black box of regional development—human capital, the creative class and tolerance . Journal of Economic Geography , 8 ( 3 ) : 615 – 649 .
   Google Scholar
• Fousekis , P. 2007 . Convergence of relative state-level per capita incomes in the United States revisited . Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy , 37 ( 2 ) : 80 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Fraley , C. and Raftery , A. E. 2002 . Model-based clustering, discriminant analysis and density estimation . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 97 ( 458 ) : 611 – 631 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraley, C. and Raftery, A. E. (2006), MCLUST Version 3 for R: normal mixture modeling and model-based clustering. Technical Report 504, University of Washington, Department of Statistics
   Google Scholar
• Friedman , T. L. 2005 . The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century , 1st edn , New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux .
   Google Scholar
• Glaeser , E. L. 1999 . Learning in cities . Journal of Urban Economics , 46 ( 2 ) : 254 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griliches , Z. 1979 . Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth . Bell Journal of Economics , 10 ( 1 ) : 92 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Guimarães , P. and Lindrooth , R. C. 2007 . Controlling for overdispersion in grouped conditional logit models: a computationally simple application of Dirichlet-multinomial regression . Econometrics Journal , 10 ( 4 ) : 439 – 452 .
   Google Scholar
• Guimarães , P. , Figueiredo , O. and Woodward , D. 2003 . A tractable approach to the firm location decision problem . Review of Economic Studies , 85 ( 1 ) : 201 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Hamermesh , D. S. 2007 . Viewpoint: replication in economics . Canadian Journal of Economics , 40 ( 3 ) : 715 – 733 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecker , D. E. 2005 . High-technology employment: a NAICS-based update . Monthly Labor Review , 128 ( 7 ) : 57 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellerstein , D. and Mendelsohn , R. 1993 . A theoretical foundation for count data models . American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 75 ( 3 ) : 604 – 611 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch-Kreinsen , H. 2008 . “Low-tech” innovations . Industry and Innovation , 15 ( 1 ) : 19 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyman , M. and Faricy , C. 2009 . It takes a village: a test of the creative class, social capital, and human capital theories . Urban Affairs Review , 44 ( 3 ) : 311 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffe , A. B. , Trajtenberg , M. and Henderson , R. 1993 . Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 108 ( 3 ) : 577 – 598 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo , J. 2007 . Determinants of localized technology spillovers: role of regional and industrial attributes . Regional Studies , 41 ( 7 ) : 995 – 1011 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S. Y. , Florida , R. and Acs , Z. J. 2004 . Creativity and entrepreneurship: a regional analysis of new firm formation . Regional Studies , 38 ( 8 ) : 879 – 891 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas , R. E. J. 1988 . On the mechanics of economic development . Journal of Monetary Economics , 22 ( 1 ) : 3 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mankiw , N. G. , Romer , D. and Weil , D. N. 1992 . A contribution to the empirics of economic growth . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 107 ( 2 ) : 407 – 437 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer, H. (2009), Bootstrapping high-tech: evidence from three emerging high technology metropolitan areas. Metropolitan Economy Initiative No. 10, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC
   Google Scholar
• McCann , P. 2008 . Globalization and economic geography: the world is curved, not flat . Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economics and Society , 1 ( 3 ) : 351 – 370 .
   Google Scholar
• McFadden , D. 1974 . “ Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behaviour ” . In Frontiers in Econometrics , Edited by: Zarembka , P. 105 – 142 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• McGranahan , D. A. and Wojan , T. R. 2007 . Recasting the creative class to examine growth processes in rural and urban counties . Regional Studies , 41 ( 2 ) : 197 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'hUallacháin , B. 2008 . Regional growth transition clubs in the United States . Papers in Regional Science , 87 ( 1 ) : 33 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panek , S. D. , Baumgardner , F. T. and McCormick , M. J. 2007 . Introducing new measures of the metropolitan economy: prototype GDP-by-metropolitan-area estimates for 2001–2005 . BEA Survey of Current Business , 87 ( 11 ) : 79 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Porter , M. E. 2000 . Location, competition, and economic development: local clusters in a global economy . Economic Development Quarterly , 14 ( 1 ) : 15 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sala-i-Martin , X. 2006 . The world distribution of income: falling poverty … and convergence, period . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 121 ( 2 ) : 351 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxenian , A. 1994 . Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scherer , F. M. 1982 . Inter-industry technology flows and productivity growth . Review of Economics and Statistics , 64 ( 4 ) : 627 – 634 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shearmur , R. and Doloreux , D. 2009 . Place, space and distance: towards a geography of knowledge-intensive business services innovation . Industry and Innovation , 16 ( 1 ) : 79 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storper , M. and Scott , A. J. 2009 . Rethinking human capital, creativity and urban growth . Journal of Economic Geography , 9 ( 2 ) : 147 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmins , C. 2005 . Estimable equilibrium models of locational sorting and their role in development economics . Journal of Economic Geography , 5 ( 1 ) : 83 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojan , T. R. , Lambert , D. M. and McGranahan , D. A. 2007 . Emoting with their feet: bohemian attraction to creative milieu . Journal of Economic Geography , 7 ( 5 ) : 711 – 736 .
   Google Scholar
• Woodward , D. , Figueiredo , O. and Guimarães , P. 2006 . Beyond the Silicon Valley: university R&D and high-technology location . Journal of Urban Economics , 60 ( 2 ) : 15 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , A. T. , Higgins , M. J. and Levy , D. 2008 . Sigma convergence versus beta convergence: evidence from U.S. county-level data . Journal of Money, Credit and Banking , 40 ( 5 ) : 1083 – 1093 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar