BeSeCu-S – a self-report instrument for emergency survivors

References

• American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, P. J., M. M. Burch, S. E. Scholin, and O. E. Güler. 2007. “Using Cue Words to Investigate the Distribution of Autobiographical Memories in Childhood.” Psychological Science 18 (10): 910–916. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01999.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergh Johannesson, K., S. Stefanini, T. Lundin, and R. Anchisi. 2006. “Impact of Bereavement Among Relatives in Italy and Sweden after the Linate Airplane Disaster.” International Journal of Disaster Medicine 4 (3): 110–117. doi:10.1080/15031430600969034.
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein, B. H., L. M. Liebel, and N. C. Scarberry. 1998. “Repeated Testing in Eyewitness Memory: A Means to Improve Recall of a Negative Emotional Event.” Applied Cognitive Psychology 12 (2): 119–131. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0720(199804)12:2<119:AID-ACP500>3.0.CO;2-4.
   Google Scholar
• Briere, J., and D. Elliott. 2000. “Prevalence, Characteristics, and Long-term Sequelae of Natural Disaster Exposure in the General Population.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 13 (4): 661–679. doi:10.1023/A:1007814301369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. M. 2003. “Eyewitness Memory for Arousing Events: Putting Things into Context.” Applied Cognitive Psychology 17 (1): 93–106. doi:10.1002/Acp.848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunet, A., D. S. Weiss, T. J. Metzler, S. R. Best, T. C. Neylan, C. Rogers, J. Fagan, and C. R. Marmar. 2001. “The Peritraumatic Distress Inventory: A Proposed Measure of PTSD Criterion A2.” The American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (9): 1480–1485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christianson, S.-A. 1992. “Emotional Stress and Eyewitness Memory: A Critical Review.” Psychological Bulletin 112 (2): 284–309. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.2.284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christianson, S.-A., and E. F. Loftus. 1991. “Remembering Emotional Events: The Fate of Detailed Information.” Cognition & Emotion 5 (2): 81–108. doi:10.1080/02699939108411027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, D. 2003. “Pretesting Survey Instruments: An Overview of Cognitive Methods.” Quality of Life Research 12 (3): 229–238. doi:10.1023/A:1023254226592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corapcioglu, A., İ. Yargıç, P. Geyran, and N. Kocabaşoğlu. 2006. “Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of “Impact of Event Scale-Revised” (IES-R).” Yeni Symposium 44 (1): 14–22 . Accessed from http://www.yenisymposium.net/fulltext/2006(1)/ys2006_44_1_2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Cordón, I. M., M.-E. Pipe, L. Sayfan, A. Melinder, and G. S. Goodman. 2004. “Memory for Traumatic Experiences in Early Childhood.” Developmental Review 24 (1): 101–132. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2003.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eremenco, S. L., D. Cella, and B. J. Arnold. 2005. “A Comprehensive Method for the Translation and Cross-cultural Validation of Health Status Questionnaires.” Evaluation the Health Professions 28 (2): 212–232. doi:10.1177/0163278705275342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, A. P. 2009. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS: (And Sex and Drugs and Rock ‘n’ Roll). 3rd ed. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, H. W. 2008. Response to Disaster. Fact Versus Fiction and its Perpetuation. The Sociology of Disaster. Lanham, MA: University Press of America.
   Google Scholar
• Fothergill, A., E. G. Maestas, and J. D. Darlington. 1999. “Race, Ethnicity and Disasters in the United States: A Review of the Literature.” Disasters 23 (2): 156–173. doi:10.1111/1467-7717.00111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitag, S., A. Grimm, and S. Schmidt. 2011. “Talking about Traumatic Events: A Cross-cultural Investigation.” Europe’s Journal of Psychology 7 (1): 40–61. doi:10.5964/ejop.v7i1.104.
   Google Scholar
• Galea, E. R. 2009. Evacuation Response Phase Behaviour (no. 09/IM/147). London: CMS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gargurevich, R., P. Luyten, J.-F. Fils, and J. Corveleyn. 2009. “Factor Structure of the Impact of Event Scale-revised in Two Different Peruvian Samples.” Depression and Anxiety 26 (8): E91–E98. doi:10.1002/da.20430.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GfK GeoMarketing. 2008. Europa bleibt gespalten. GfK Kaufkraft für 41 europäische Länder [Europe Remains Divided. GfK Purchasing Power Survey of 41 Countries in Europe]. Accessed August 3, 2010. http://www.gfk.com/imperia/md/content/presse/pm_kaufkraft_europa_2008_dfin.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Glenshaw, M. T., J. S. Vernick, S. Frattaroli, S. Brown, and S. Mallonee. 2008. “Injury Perceptions of Bombing Survivors – Interviews from the Oklahoma City Bombing.” Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23 (6): 500–506.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gliem, J., and R. Gliem. 2003. “Calculating, Interpreting, and Reporting Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-Type Scales.” Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 82–88. Columbus, Ohio OR – The Ohio State University.
   Google Scholar
• Grimm, A., L. Hulse, M. Preiss, and S. Schmidt. In press. Behavioural, Emotional and Cognitive Responses in European Disasters: Results of Survivor Interviews. Disasters 38 (1).
   Google Scholar
• Grimm, A., L. Hulse, and S. Schmidt. 2012. “Human Responses to Disasters: A Pilot Study on Peritraumatic Emotional and Cognitive Processing.” Europe’s Journal of Psychology 8 (1): 112–138. doi:10.5964/ejop.v8i1.303.
   Google Scholar
• Guha-Sapir, D., F. Vos, R. Below, and S. Ponserre. 2011. Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2010: The Numbers and Trends. Brussels: CRED.
   Google Scholar
• Hilton, A., and M. Skrutkowski. 2002. “Translating Instruments into Other Languages: Development and Testing Processes.” Cancer Nursing 25 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1097/00002820-200202000-00001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, M., N. Wilner, and W. Alvarez. 1979. “Impact of Event Scale – A Measure of Subjective Stress.” Psychosomatic Medicine 41 (3): 209–218 . <Go%20to%20ISi>://A1979HB61200004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., and P. M. Bentler. 1999. “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives.” Structural Equation Modeling 6 (1): 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulse, L., K. Allan, A. Memon, and J. D. Read. 2007. “Emotional Arousal and Memory: A Test of the Poststimulus Processing Hypothesis.” The American Journal of Psychology 120 (1): 73–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juczyński, Z., and N. Ogińska-Bulik. 2009. “Measurement of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder – Polish Version of Impact of Event Scale-revised.” Psychiatria 6 (1): 15–25.
   Google Scholar
• Kasapoglu, A., and E. Mehmet. 2004. “Comparative Behavioral Response to Future Earthquakes: The Cases of Turkey and USA.” Social Behavior and Personality 32 (4): 373–382. doi:10.2224/sbp.2004.32.4.373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaysen, D., M. K. Morris, S. L. Rizvi, and P. A. Resick. 2005. “Peritraumatic Responses and their Relationship to Perceptions of Threat in Female Crime Victims.” Violence Against Women 11 (12): 1515–1535. doi:10.1177/1077801205280931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knuth, D., D. Kehl, L. Hulse, and S. Schmidt. 2013. “Perievent Distress During Fires – The Impact of Perceived Emergency Knowledge.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 34: 10–17. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.12.002.
   Google Scholar
• Knuth, D., D. Kehl, and S. Schmidt. 2013. “Development of Field Study Instruments BeSeCu-S and BeSeCu-FR.” In Behaviour-Security-Culture. Human Behaviour in Emergencies and Disasters: A Cross-cultural Investigation, edited by S. Schmidt and E. Galea. Lengerich: Papst Science.
   Google Scholar
• Knuth, D., D. Kehl, K. Stegemann, and S. Schmidt. 2013. “Recruitment Strategies Across all Centers.” In Behaviour-Security-Culture. Human Behaviour in Emergencies and Disasters: A Cross-cultural Investigation, edited by S. Schmidt and E. Galea. Lengerich: Papst Science.
   Google Scholar
• Kobes, M., and K. Groenewegen. 2009. Consumer Fire Safety: European Statistics and Potential Fire Safety Measures. Vienna: Austrian Federal Ministry Labor, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection (Vol. 31).
   Google Scholar
• Kobes, M., I. Helsloot, B. de Vries, and J. G. Post. 2010. “Building Safety and Human Behaviour in Fire: A Literature Review.” Fire Safety Journal 45 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.08.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahad, M., and S. Crimando. 2010. Preparing for the Next Generation of Disasters. Journal of Jewish Communal Service, 85(2/3): 320–330. http://www.xbrm.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/JJCS_Preparing...Dusasters_SummerFall-2010.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lindell, M. K., and R. W. Perry. 2011. “The Protective Action Decision Model: Theoretical Modifications and Additional Evidence.” Risk Analysis 32 (4): 616–632. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01647.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maercker, A., and M. Schützwohl. 1998. “Erfassung von psychischen Belastungsfolgen: Die IES-R -revidierte Version [Assessing Effects of Traumatic Events: The Impact of Event Scale-Revised.].” Diagnostica 44: 130–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmar, C. R., D. S. Weiss, and T. J. Metzler. 1996. “The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire.” In Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD, edited by J. P. Wilson and T. M. Keane, 144–167. New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• McConnell, N. C., K. E. Boyce, and T. J. Shields. 2009. “An Analysis of the Recognition and Response Behaviours of Evacuees of WTC 1 on 9/11.” Proceedings 4th International Human Behaviour in Fire Symposium, 659–670. London: Interscience Communications.
   Google Scholar
• McConnell, N. C., K. E. Boyce, T. J. Shields, E. R. Galea, R. C. Day, and L. Hulse. 2010. “The UK 9/11 Evacuation Study: Analysis of Survivors’ Recognition and Response Phase in WTC1.” Fire Safety Journal 45 (1): 21–34. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers, L. S., G. Gamst, and A. J. Guarino. 2006. Applied Multivariate Research: Design and Interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Norris, F. H., and K. Kaniasty. 1992. “Reliability of Delayed Self-reports in Disaster Research.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 5 (4): 575–588. doi:10.1002/jts.2490050407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozer, E. J., S. R. Best, T. L. Lipsey, and D. S. Weiss. 2003. “Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Symptoms in Adults: A Meta-analysis.” Psychological Bulletin 129 (1): 52–73. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, C., S. Schmidt, M. Power, and M. Bullinger. 2005. “Development and Pilot-testing of a Health-related Quality of Life Chronic Generic Module for Children and Adolescents with Chronic Health Conditions: A European Perspective.” Quality of Life Research 14 (4): 1065–1077. doi:10.1007/s11136-004-2575-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pielmaier, L., and A. Maercker. 2011. “Psychological Adaptation to Lifethreatening Injury in Dyads: The Role of Dysfunctional Disclosure of Trauma.” Psychotraumatology 2: 8749–8761. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v2i0.8749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillemer, D. B. 1998. “What is Remembered about Early Childhood Events?” Clinical Psychology Review 18 (8): 895–913. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00042-7.
   Google Scholar
• Preiss, M., P. Mohr, M. Kopeček, V. Melanová, V. Janečka, M. Rodriguez, and T. Hájek. 2004. “Trauma a Stress osm měsíců po povodních v roce 2002 [Trauma and Stress Eight Months After Floods in 2002].” Psychiatrie 8 (3): 180–186. doi: RIV/00023752:_____/04:00000426.
   Google Scholar
• Proulx, G., and I. M. A. Reid. 2006. “Occupant Behavior and Evacuation During the Chicago Cook County Administration Building Fire.” Journal of Fire Protection Engineering 16 (4): 283–309. doi:10.1177/1042391506065951.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez, H., E. L. Quarantelli, and R. Dynes. 2006. Handbook of Disaster Research. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, D. C. 2000. “The Distribution of Early Childhood Memories.” Memory 8 (4): 265–269. doi:10.1080/096582100406810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samochine, D. A., K. E. Boyce, and T. J. Shields. 2005. “An Investigation into Staff Behaviour in Unannounced Evacuations of Retail Stores – Implications for Training and Fire Safety Engineering.” In Fire Safety Science, edited by I. A. for F. S. Science, 519–530. London: IAFSS Symposium 8.
   Google Scholar
• Schenk, L., A.-M. Bau, T. Borde, J. Butler, T. Lampert, H. Neuhauser, O. Razum, and C. Weilandt. 2006. “Mindestindikatorensatz zur Erfassung des Migrationsstatus’ [A Basic set of Indicators for Mapping Migrant Status. Recommendations for Epidemiological Practice].” Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 49 (9): 853–860. doi:10.1007/s00103-006-0018-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stallings, R. A. 2007. “Methodological Issues.” In Handbook of Disaster Research, edited by H. Rodríguez, E. L. Quarantelli and R. Dynes, 56–82. New York: Springer Science+Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, D. S., and C. R. Marmar. 1997. “The Impact of Event Scale – Revised.” In Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD, edited by J. P. Wilson and T. M. Keane, 399–411. New York: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, C. M., S. M. Lo, S. P. Zhang, and M. Liu. 2009. “A Post-fire Survey on the Pre-evacuation Human Behavior.” Fire Technology 45 (1): 71–95. doi:10.1007/s10694-007-0040-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar