Lethal school violence in Scandinavia: development of an incident typology and suggestions for preventionFootnote^*

* A part of this study was presented at the SRA Europe 2nd Nordic chapter meeting in Gothenburg, Sweden, 14–15 November 2016.

References

• Addington, L. A. 2009. “Cops and Cameras. Public School Security as a Policy Response to Columbine.” American Behavioral Scientist 52 (10): 1426–1446.10.1177/0002764209332556
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astor, R. A., H. A. Meyer, and W. J. Behre. 1999. “Unowned Places and times: Maps and Interviews about Violence in High Schools.” American Educational Research Journal. 36 (1): 3–42.10.3102/00028312036001003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benbenishty, R., and R. A. Astor. 2008. “School Violence in an International Context. a Call for Global Collaboration in Research and Prevention.” International Journal of Violence and School 7: 59–80.
   Google Scholar
• Binkhorst, J., and S. F. Kingma. 2012. “Safety vs. Reputation: Risk Controversies in Emerging Policy Networks regarding School Safety in the Netherlands.” Journal of Risk Research 15 (8): 913–935.10.1080/13669877.2012.686049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böckler, N., T. Seeger, P. Sitzer, and W. Heitmeyer. 2013. ”School Shootings: Conceptual Framework and International Empirical Trends.” In School Shootings. International Research, Case Studies, and Concepts for Prevention, editeb by N. Böckler, T. Seeger, P. Sitzer, and W. Heitmeyer, 1–24. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Bondü, R., and H. Scheithauer. 2015. “Kill One or Kill Them All?” Differences between Single and Multiple Victim School Attacks, European Journal of Criminology 12 (3): 277–299.
   Google Scholar
• Bondü, R., H. Scheithauer, V. Leuschner, and D. G. Cornell. 2013. “International Perspectives on Prevention and Intervention in School Shootings.” In School Shootings. International Research, Case Studies, and Concepts for Prevention, edited by N. Böckler, T. Seeger, P. Sitzer, and W. Heitmeyer, 343–362. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Borowitz, A. 2005. Terrorism for Self Glorification: Herostratos Syndrome. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bushman, B. J., K. Newman, S. L. Calvert, G. Downey, M. Dredze, M. Gottfredson, N. G. Jablonski, et al. 2016. “Youth Violence: What We Know and What We Need to Know.” American Psychologist 71 (1): 17–39. doi:10.1037/a0039687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, Randall. 2008. Violence, A micro-sociological Theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9781400831753
   Google Scholar
• Fast, J. 2008. Ceremonial Violence. Understanding Columbine and Other School Rampage Shootings. New York: Overlook Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harding, D. J., C. Fox, and J. Mehta. 2002. “Studying Rare Events through Qualitative Case Studies: Lessons from a Study of Rampage School Shootings.” Sociological Methods & Research 31: 174–217.10.1177/0049124102031002003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, A. 2001. “Media Risks: The Social Amplification of Risks and the Media Violence Debate.” Journal of Risk Research 4 (3): 2009–2225.
   Google Scholar
• Kupchik, A., J. Brent, and T. Mowen. 2015. “The Aftermath of Newtown: More of the Same.” British Journal of Criminology 55 (6): 1115–1130.10.1093/bjc/azv049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langman, P. 2013. “Thirty-Five Rampage School Shooters: Trends, Patterns, and Typology.” In School Shootings: International Research, Case Studies, and Concepts for Prevention, edited by N. Böckler, T. Seeger, P. Sitzer, and W. Heitmeyer, 131–156. New York: Springer.10.1007/978-1-4614-5526-4
   Google Scholar
• Larkin, R. W. 2009. “The Columbine Legacy: Rampage Shootings as Political Acts.” American Behavioral Scientist 52 (9): 1309–1326.10.1177/0002764209332548
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindgren, S.-Å., and C. Thodelius. 2017. “School Shootings in Seven Countries: Testing and Developing the Theory of Five Necessary Conditions.” In Den motspänstiga akademikern. Festskrift till Ingrid Sahlin [ The Recalcitrant Academician. Festschrift to Ingrid Sahlin], edited by B. Andersson, F. Petersson, and A. Skårner, 351–381. Malmö: Égalité.
   Google Scholar
• Luckenbill, D. F. 1977. “Criminal Homicide as a Situated Transaction.” Social Problems 25 (2): 176–186.10.2307/800293
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulvey, E. P., and E. Cauffman. 2001. “The Inherent Limits of Predicting School Violence.” American Psychologist 56 (10): 797–802.10.1037/0003-066X.56.10.797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muschert, G. W. 2007. “Research in School Shootings.” Sociology Compass 1 (1): 60–80.10.1111/soco.2007.1.issue-1
   Google Scholar
• Muschert, G. W., and J. Sumiala, eds. 2012. School Shootings: Mediatized Violence in a Global Age. Series on Studies in Media and Communications,. Vol. 7. Bingley: Emerald Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Newman, O. 1972. Defensible Space. New York: Mac Millan.
   Google Scholar
• Newman, K. S., C. Fox, D. J. Harding, J. Mehta, and W. Roth. 2004. Rampage: The Social Roots of School Shootings. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• O’Toole, M. E. 2000. The School Shooter: A Threat Assessment Perspective. Washington, DC: Federal Bureau of Investigation U.S Department of Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Spaaij, R. 2012. Understanding Lone Wolf Terrorism. Global Patterns, Motivations and Prevention. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Vaughan, D. 1999. “The Dark Side of Organizations: Mistake, Misconduct, and Disaster.” Annual Review of Sociology 25: 271–305.10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. 2014. Case Study Research. Design and Methods. 5th ed. Los Angeles: Sage.
   Google Scholar