Stakeholder safety communication: patient and family reports on safety risks in hospitals

References

• Antonsen, S. 2009. “Safety Culture and the Issue of Power.” Safety Science 47 (2): 183–191. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argyris, C. 1976. “Single-Loop and Double-Loop Models in Research on Decision Making.” Administrative Science Quarterly 21 (3): 363–375. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2391848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armitage, G., S. Moore, C. Reynolds, P.-A. Laloë, C. Coulson, R. McEachan, R. Lawton, I. Watt, J. Wright, and J. O’Hara. 2018. “Patient-Reported Safety Incidents as a New Source of Patient Safety Data: An Exploratory Comparative Study in an Acute Hospital in England.” Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 23 (1): 36–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1355819617727563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attride-Stirling, J. 2001. “Thematic Networks: An Analytic Tool for Qualitative Research.” Qualitative Research 1 (3): 385–405. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/146879410100100307.
   Google Scholar
• Bazzoli, A, and M. Curcuruto. 2020. “Safety Leadership and Safety Voices: Exploring the Mediation Role of Proactive Motivations.” Journal of Risk Research 24: 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazzoli, A., M. Curcuruto, J. I. Morgan, M. Brondino, and M. Pasini. 2020. “Speaking up about Workplace Safety: An Experimental Study on Safety Leadership.” Sustainability 12 (18): 7458. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beus, J. M., M. A. McCord, and D. Zohar. 2016. “Workplace Safety: A Review and Research Synthesis.” Organizational Psychology Review 6 (4): 352–381. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386615626243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bienefeld, N, and G. Grote. 2014. “Speaking up in Ad Hoc Multiteam Systems: Individual-Level Effects of Psychological Safety, Status, and Leadership within and across Teams.” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 23 (6): 930–945. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2013.808398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisbey, T. M., M. P. Kilcullen, E. J. Thomas, M. J. Ottosen, K. Tsao, and E. Salas. 2020. “Safety Culture: An Integration of Existing Models and a Framework for Understanding Its Development.” Human Factors 63: 88–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V, and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using
   Google Scholar
• Chilton, S., J. Covey, L. Hopkins, M. Jones-Lee, G. Loomes, N. Pidgeon, and A. Spencer. 2002. “Public Perceptions of Risk and Preference-Based Values of Safety.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 25 (3): 211–232. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020962104810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cigularov, K. P., P. Y. Chen, and J. Rosecrance. 2010. “The Effects of Error Management Climate and Safety Communication on Safety: A Multi-Level Study.” Accident; Analysis and Prevention 42 (5): 1498–1506. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.01.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conchie, S. M., P. J. Taylor, and I. J. Donald. 2012. “Promoting Safety Voice with Safety-Specific Transformational Leadership: The Mediating Role of Two Dimensions of Trust.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 17 (1): 105–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbin, J, and A. Strauss. 2014. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications.
   Google Scholar
• Crabtree, B, and W. Miller. 1999. Doing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Curcuruto, M, and M. A. Griffin. 2018. “Prosocial and Proactive “Safety Citizenship Behaviour” (SCB): The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment and Psychological Ownership.” Safety Science 104: 29–38. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.12.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curcuruto, M., K. Strauss, C. Axtell, and M. A. Griffin. 2020. “Voicing for Safety in the Workplace: A Proactive Goal-Regulation Perspective.” Safety Science 131: 104902. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson, L. J., S. S. Panesar, and A. Darzi. 2014. “Patient-safety-related hospital deaths in England: Thematic analysis of incidents reported to a national database, 2010–2012.” PLoS Medicine 11 (6): e1001667. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugan, J. R., and D. R. Breda. 1991. “Complaints about Police Officers: A Comparison among Types and Agencies.” Journal of Criminal Justice 19 (2): 165–171. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(91)90050-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmondson, A. C. 2018. The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation, and Growth. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. “Building Theories from Case Study Research.” The Academy of Management Review 14 (4): 532–550. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/258557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entwistle, V. A., D. McCaughan, I. S. Watt, Y. Birks, J. Hall, M. Peat, B. Williams, and J. Wright. 2010. “Speaking up about Safety Concerns: Multi-Setting Qualitative Study of Patients’ Views and Experiences.” Quality and Safety in Health Care 19 (6): e33–e33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis, R. 2010. Independent Inquiry into Care Provided by Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust January 2005–March 2009 (Vol. 375). London: The Stationery Office. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/independent-inquiry-into-care-provided-by-mid-staffordshire-nhs-foundation-trust-january-2001-to-march-2009.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, R. 2013. Report of the mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/report-of-the-mid-staffordshire-nhs-foundation-trust-public-inquiry
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, R. E. 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie, A. 2020. “Disruption, Self-Presentation, and Defensive Tactics at the Threshold of Learning.” Review of General Psychology 24 (4): 382–396. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268020914258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie, A, and T. Reader. 2018. “Patient-Centered Insights: Using Healthcare Complaints to Reveal Hotspots and Blindspots in Quality and Safety.” The Milbank Quarterly 96 (3): 530–567. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, M. A., J. Cordery, and C. Soo. 2016. “Dynamic Safety Capability: How Organizations Proactively Change Core Safety Systems.” Organizational Psychology Review 6 (3): 248–272. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386615590679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, M. A., and A. Neal. 2000. “Perceptions of Safety at Work: A Framework for Linking Safety Climate to Safety Performance, Knowledge, and Motivation.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 5 (3): 347–358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hald, E. J., A. Gillespie, and T. W. Reader. 2021. “Causal and Corrective Organisational Culture: A Systematic Review of Case Studies of Institutional Failure.” Journal of Business Ethics 174: 457–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, G., A. P. Mol, L. Zhang, and Y. Lu. 2014. “Nuclear Power in China after Fukushima: Understanding Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Trust.” Journal of Risk Research 17 (4): 435–451. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2012.726251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, D. A., and A. Stetzer. 1998. “The Role of Safety Climate and Communication in Accident Interpretation: Implications for Learning from Negative Events.” Academy of Management Journal 41 (6): 644–657.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, A.-M., E. M. Burns, G. Bouras, L. J. Donaldson, T. Athanasiou, and A. Darzi. 2015. “Can Patient Safety Incident Reports Be Used to Compare Hospital Safety? Results from a Quantitative Analysis of the English National Reporting and Learning System Data.” Plos ONE 10 (12): e0144107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. B. 1999. “Exploring Dimensionality in the Origins of Hazard-Related Trust.” Journal of Risk Research 2 (4): 325–354. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/136698799376763.
   Google Scholar
• Lawton, Rebecca., Jane Kathryn. O’Hara, Laura. Sheard, Gerry. Armitage, Kim. Cocks, Hannah. Buckley, Belen. Corbacho, et al. 2017. “Can Patient Involvement Improve Patient Safety? A Cluster Randomised Control Trial of the Patient Reporting and Action for a Safe Environment (PRASE) Intervention.” BMJ Quality & Safety 26 (8): 622–631. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2016-005570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levtzion-Korach, Osnat., Allan. Frankel, Hanna. Alcalai, Carol. Keohane, John. Orav, Erin. Graydon-Baker, Janet. Barnes, et al. 2010. “Integrating Incident Data from Five Reporting Systems to Assess Patient Safety: Making Sense of the Elephant.” Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 36 (9): 402–410.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacLeod, G. 2018. “The Grenfell Tower Atrocity: Exposing Urban Worlds of Inequality, Injustice, and an Impaired Democracy.” City 22 (4): 460–489. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2018.1507099.
   Google Scholar
• Macnamara, J. 2018. “Toward a Theory and Practice of Organizational Listening.” International Journal of Listening 32 (1): 1–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2017.1375076.
   Google Scholar
• Macrae, C. 2009. “Making Risks Visible: Identifying and Interpreting Threats to Airline Flight Safety.” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 82 (2): 273–293. doi:https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X314045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macrae, C. 2014a. Close Calls: Managing Risk and Resilience in Airline Flight Safety. London: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Macrae, C. 2014b. “Early Warnings, Weak Signals and Learning from Healthcare Disasters.” BMJ Quality & Safety 23 (6): 440–445. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannion, R, and H. T. Davies. 2015. “Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations.” International Journal of Health Policy and Management 4 (8): 503–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Córcoles, M, and T. J. Vogus. 2020. “Mindful Organizing for Safety.” Safety Science 124: e104614–e104614. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miceli, M. P. J. P. Near, and T. M. Dworkin. 2008. Whistle-Blowing in Organizations. New York: Lexington.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, E. W. 2014. “Employee Voice and Silence.” Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 1 (1): 173–197. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091328.
   Google Scholar
• Nembhard, I, and A. C. Edmondson. 2006. “Making It Safe: The Effects of Leader Inclusiveness and Professional Status on Psychological Safety and Improvement Efforts in Health Care Teams.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 27 (7): 941–966. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/job.413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noort, M. C., T. W. Reader, and A. Gillespie. 2019. “Speaking up to Prevent Harm: A Systematic Review of the Safety Voice Literature.” Safety Science 117: 375–387. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.04.039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noort, M. C., T. W. Reader, and A. Gillespie. 2021. “Safety Voice and Safety Listening during Aviation Accidents: Cockpit Voice Recordings Reveal That Speaking-up to Power is Not Enough.” Safety Science 139: 105260. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowell, L. S., J. M. Norris, D. E. White, and N. J. Moules. 2017. “Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 16 (1): 160940691773384–160940691773313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Hara, Jane K., Caroline. Reynolds, Sally. Moore, Gerry. Armitage, Laura. Sheard, Claire. Marsh, Ian. Watt, John. Wright, and Rebecca. Lawton. 2018. “What Can Patients Tell us about the Quality and Safety of Hospital Care? Findings from a UK Multicentre Survey Study.” BMJ Quality & Safety 27 (9): 673–682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reader, T. W., and A. Gillespie. 2021. “Stakeholders in Safety: Patient Reports on Unsafe Clinical Behaviors Distinguish Hospital Mortality Rates.” The Journal of Applied Psychology 106 (3): 439–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. [Database] doi:https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Schiffinger, M., M. Latzke, and J. Steyrer. 2016. “Two Sides of the Safety Coin?: How Patient Engagement and Safety Climate Jointly Affect Error Occurrence in Hospital Units.” Health Care Management Review 41 (4): 356–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwappach, D. L. 2010. “Review: Engaging Patients as Vigilant Partners in Safety: A Systematic Review.” Medical Care Research and Review: MCRR 67 (2): 119–148. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558709342254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, S, and N. Turner. 2015. “Sometimes It Hurts When Supervisors Don’t Listen: The Antecedents and Consequences of Safety Voice among Young Workers.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 20 (1): 72–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, B. A. 1976. “The Organizational and Interorganizational Development of Disasters.” Administrative Science Quarterly 21 (3): 378–397. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2391850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, B. A., and N. F. Pidgeon. 1997. Man-Made Disasters. London: Butterworth-Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Vincent, C. 2011. Patient Safety. London: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Waring, J. J. 2005. “Beyond Blame: Cultural Barriers to Medical Incident Reporting.” Social Science & Medicine (1982) 60 (9): 1927–1935. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E., and K. M. Sutcliffe. 2007. Managing the Unexpected: Resilient Performance in an Age of Uncertainty. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Westrum, R. 2004. “A Typology of Organisational Cultures.” Quality and Safety in Health Care 13 (suppl_2): ii22–ii27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2003.009522.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Westrum, R. 2014. “The Study of Information Flow: A Personal Journey.” Safety Science 67: 58–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.01.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar