Institutional trust, risk and product safety: a consumer survey

References

• Abelson, R. P., D. R. Kinder, M. D. Peters, and S. T. Fiske. 1982. “Affective and Semantic Components in Political Person Perception.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42 (4): 619–630. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.42.4.619.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauchner, H., and J. Fontanarosa. 2013. “Restoring Confidence in the Pharmaceutical Industry.” JAMA 309 (6): 607–609. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belson, W. A. 1981. The Design and Understanding of Survey Questions. Aldershot: Gower.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, D. 2001. “How Can I Deal with Missing Data in my Study?” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 25 (5): 464–469. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00294.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, N. 2005. “Non-Response Bias.” In Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, edited by K. Kempf-Leonard, 865–873. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brace, I. 2004. Questionnaire Design: How to Plan, Structure and Write Survey Material for Effective Market Research. London, Kogan Page.
   Google Scholar
• Brom, F. 2000. “Food, Consumer Concerns, and Trust: Food Ethics for a Globalizing Market.” Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 12 (2): 127–139. doi:10.1023/A:1009586529518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, P., and M. Calnan. 2012. “Braving a Faceless New World? Conceptualizing Trust in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Its Products.” Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health (London, England: 1997) 16 (1): 57–75. doi:10.1177/1363459309360783.
   Google Scholar
• Cao, L. 2015. “Differentiating Confidence in the Police, Trust in the Police, and Satisfaction with the Police.” Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 38 (2): 239–249. doi:10.1108/PIJPSM-12-2014-0127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capelos, T., C. Provost, M. Parouti, J. Barnett, J. Chenoweth, C. Fife-Shaw, and T. Kelay. 2016. “Ingredients of Institutional Reputations and Citizen Engagement with Regulators.” Regulation & Governance 10 (4): 350–367. doi:10.1111/rego.12097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H., P. Cohen, and C. Sophie. 2010. “How Big is a Big Odds Ratio? Interpreting the Magnitudes of Odds Ratios in Epidemiological Studies.” Communications in Statistics- Simulation and Computation 39 (4): 860–864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Child Accident Prevention Trust. 2022. Magnets [online]. Accessed 12 May 2022. https://oldsite.capt.org.uk/news/magnetic-toys.html
   Google Scholar
• Chou, T., and H. Liou. 2010. “System Destroys Trust? Regulatory Institutions and Public Perceptions of Food Risks in Taiwan.” Social Indicators Research 96 (1): 41–57. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9465-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Converse, J. M., and S. Presser. 1986. Survey Questions: Handcrafting the Standardized Questionnaire. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Denman, D. C., A. S. Baldwin, A. C. Betts, A. McQueen, and J. A. Tiro. 2018. “Reducing "I Don’t Know" Responses and Missing Survey Data: Implications for Measurement.” Medical Decision Making : An International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making 38 (6): 673–682. doi:10.1177/0272989X18785159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietz, G., and D. N. Den Hartog. 2006. “Measuring Trust inside Organisations.” Personnel Review 35 (5): 557–588. doi:10.1108/00483480610682299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earle, T. C., M. Siegrist, and H. Gutscher. 2010. “Trust, Risk Perception and the TCC Model of Cooperation.” In Trust in Cooperative Risk Management: Uncertainty and Scepticism in the Public Mind, edited by T. C. Earle, M. Siegrist, and H. Gutscher, 1–50. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Earle, T., and G. Cvetkovich. 1995. Social Trust: Toward a Cosmopolitan Society. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Falkner, P. 2018. “Finding Trust in Government.” Journal of Social Philosophy 49 (4): 626–644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foddy, W. 1993. Construction Questions for Interviews and Questionnaires. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler, F. J.Jr, 1992. “How Unclear Terms Affect Survey Data.” The Public Opinion Quarterly 56 (2): 218–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitag, M., and P. C. Bauer. 2013. “Testing for Measurement Equivalence in Surveys: Dimensions of Social Trust across Cultural Contexts.” Public Opinion Quarterly 77 (S1): 24–44. doi:10.1093/poq/nfs064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gideon, L. 2012. “The Art of Question Phrasing.” In Handbook of Survey Methodology for Social Sciences, edited by L. Gideon, 91–107. New York, Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Gouldson, A. 2004. “Cooperation and the Capacity for Control: Regulatory Styles and the Evolving Influence of Environmental Regulations in the UK.” Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 22 (4): 583–603. doi:10.1068/c0312j.
   Google Scholar
• Grimmelikhuijsen, S. 2012. “Linking Transparency, Knowledge and Citizen Trust in Government: An Experiment.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 78 (1): 50–73. doi:10.1177/0020852311429667.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimmelikhuijsen, S., and E. Knies. 2017. “Validating a Scale for Citizen Trust in Government Organisations.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 83 (3): 583–601. doi:10.1177/0020852315585950.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardin, R. 2006. Trust. Malden, MA: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heimer, C., and J. Gazley. 2012. “Performing Regulation: Transcending Regulatory Ritualism in HIV Clinics.” Law & Society Review 46 (4): 853–887. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2012.00519.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, S., and L. J. Frewer. 1999. “Public Trust in Sources of Information about Radiation Risks in the UK.” Journal of Risk Research 2 (2): 167–180. doi:10.1080/136698799376916.
   Google Scholar
• Huskinson, T. L. H., and G. Haddock. 2006. “Individual Differences in Attitude Structure and the Accessibility of the Affective and Cognitive Components of Attitude.” Social Cognition 24 (4): 453–468. doi:10.1521/soco.2006.24.4.453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, P., G. Earle-Richardson, D. T. Slingerland, and J. May. 2002. “Time Dependent Memory Decay.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine 41 (2): 98–101. doi:10.1002/ajim.10035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardes, F., S. Posavac, and M. Cronley. 2004. “Consumer Inference: A Review of Processes, Bases, and Judgment Contexts.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 14 (3): 230–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenard, P. 2008. “Trust Your Compatriots, but Count Your Change: The Roles of Trust, Mistrust and Distrust in Democracy.” Political Studies 56 (2): 312–332. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00693.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. D., and A. Weigert. 1985. “Trust as a Social Reality.” Social Forces 63 (4): 967–985. doi:10.2307/2578601.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, P. P. 2007. “Toward an Interdisciplinary Conceptualization of Trust: A Typological Approach.” Management and Organization Review 3 (3): 421–445. doi:10.1111/j.1740-8784.2007.00081.x.
   Google Scholar
• Li, P. P. 2015. “Trust as a Leap of Hope for Transaction Value: A Two-Way Street above and beyond Trust Propensity and Expected Trustworthiness.” In Motivating Cooperation and Compliance with Authority: The Role of Institutional Trust, edited by B. H. Bornstein and A. J. Tomkins, 37–53). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lietz, P. 2010. “Research into Questionnaire Design: A Summary of the Literature.” International Journal of Market Research 52 (2): 249–272. doi:10.2501/S147078530920120X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobb, A. E., M. Mazzocchi, and W. B. Traill. 2007. “Modelling Risk Perception and Trust in Food Safety Information within the Theory of Planned Behaviour.” Food Quality and Preference 18 (2): 384–395. doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2006.04.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Löfstedt, R. E. 2003a. “Science Communication and the Swedish Acrylamide" Alarm.” Journal of Health Communication 8 (5): 407–432. doi:10.1080/713852123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lofstedt, R. 2003b. “Risk Communication: Pitfalls and Promises.” European Review 11 (3): 417–435. doi:10.1017/S106279870300036X.
   Google Scholar
• Löfstedt, R. E. 2005. Risk Management in Post Trust Societies. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Lofstedt, R. E. 2006. “How Can we Make Food Risk Communication Better: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?” Journal of Risk Research 9 (8): 869–890. doi:10.1080/13669870601065585.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luca, M., and G. Zervas. 2016. “Fake It till You Make It: Reputation, Competition, and Yelp Review Fraud.” Management Science 62 (12): 3412–3427. doi:10.1287/mnsc.2015.2304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malbon, J. 2013. “Taking Fake Online Consumer Reviews Seriously.” Journal of Consumer Policy 36 (2): 139–157. doi:10.1007/s10603-012-9216-7.
   Google Scholar
• Manisera, M., and P. Zuccolotto. 2014. “Modeling “Don’t Know” Responses in Rating Scales.” Pattern Recognition Letters 45 (1): 226–234. doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2014.04.012.
   Google Scholar
• McAllister, D. J. 1995. “Affect- and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations.” Academy of Management Journal 38 (1): 24–59. doi:10.2307/256727.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKnight, D. H., and N. L. Chervany. 2001. “What Trust Means in e-Commerce Customer Relationships: An Interdisciplinary Conceptual Typology.” International Journal of Electronic Commerce 6 (2): 35–59. doi:10.1080/10864415.2001.11044235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metlay, D. 1999. “Institutional Trust and Confidence: A Journey into a Conceptual Quagmire.” In Social Trust and the Management of Risk, edited by G. T. Cvetkovich, and R. E. Lofstedt, 110–116. London, Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Möllering, G. 2006. Trust: Reason, Routine, Reflexivity. Oxford: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Möllering, G. 2013. “Process Views of Trusting and Crises.” In The Handbook of Trust Research, edited by E. Bachmann and A. Zaheer, 285–307. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Möllering, G. 2019. “Putting a Spotlight on the Trustor in Trust Research.” Journal of Trust Research 9 (2): 131–135. doi:10.1080/21515581.2019.1678853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore-Bick, M. 2019. Grenfell Tower Inquiry: Phase 1 Report. Accessed 5 April 2023. https://assets.grenfelltowerinquiry.org.uk/GTI%20-%20Phase%201%20full%20report%20-%20volume%201.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Munzel, A. 2016. “Assisting Consumers in Detecting Fake News: The Role of Identity Information Disclosure and Consensus.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 32: 96–108. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.06.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, K. 2004. “The Role of Trust in Nurturing Compliance: A Study of Accused Tax Avoiders.” Law and Human Behavior 28 (2): 187–209. (doi:10.1023/b:Lahu.0000022322.94776.ca.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadler, J., R. Weston, and E. Voyles. 2015. “Stuck in the Middle: The Use and Interpretation of Mid-Points in Items on Questionnaires.” The Journal of General Psychology 142 (2): 71–89. doi:10.1080/00221309.2014.994590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nienaber, A.-M., M. Hofeditz, and R. Searle. 2014. “Do we Bank on Regulation or Reputation? A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Organizational Trust in the Financial Services Sector.” International Journal of Bank Marketing 32 (5): 367–407. doi:10.1108/IJBM-12-2013-0146.
   Google Scholar
• Omari, R., G. Ruivenkamp, and E. Tetteh. 2017. “Consumers’ Trust in Government Institutions and Their Perception and Concern about Safety and Healthiness of Fast Food.” Journal of Trust Research 7 (2): 170–186. doi:10.1080/21515581.2017.1289099.
   Google Scholar
• Office for Product Safety and Standards. 2022. Guidance: What you can expect of OPSS: Information for those we regulate. Accessed 15 August 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/safety-and-standards-enforcement-service-standards/what-you-can-expect-of-opss-information-for-those-we-regulate.
   Google Scholar
• Osman, M., A. J. Heath, and R. Löfstedt. 2018. “The Problems of Increasing Transparency on Uncertainty.” Public Understanding of Science (Bristol, England) 27 (2): 131–138. doi:10.1177/0963662517711058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry, G. 1976. “Trust, Distrust and Consensus.” British Journal of Political Science 6 (2): 129–142. doi:10.1017/S0007123400000594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips (Lord of Worth Matravers), J. Bridgeman, and M. Ferguson-Smith. 2000. The BSE Inquiry – Volume 1, Findings and Conclusions. London: The Stationary Office.
   Google Scholar
• PytlikZillig, L. M., and C. D. Kimbrough. 2016. “Consensus on Conceptualizations and Definitions of Trust: Are We There yet?” In Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Trust: Towards Theoretical and Methodological Integration, edited by E. Shockley, T. M. S. Neal, L. M. PytlikZillig, and B. H. Bornstein, 17–47. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Poortinga, W., K. Bickerstaff, I. Langford, J. Niewöhner, and N. Pidgeon. 2004. “The British Foot and Mouth Crisis: A Comparative Study of Public Risk Perceptions, Trust and Beliefs about Government Policy in Two Communities.” Journal of Risk Research 7 (1): 73–90. doi:10.1080/1366987042000151205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porumbescu, G. 2017. “Linking Transparency to Trust in Government and Voice.” The American Review of Public Administration 47 (5): 520–537. doi:10.1177/0275074015607301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purohit, Devavrat, and Joydeep Srivastava. 2001. “Effect of Manufacturer Reputation, Retailer Reputation, and Product Warranty on Consumer Judgments of Product Quality: A Cue Diagnostic Framework.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 10 (3): 123–134. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1003_1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, P. S., A. S. Dick, and A. K. Jain. 1994. “Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cue Effects on Perceptions of Store Brand Quality.” Journal of Marketing 58 (4): 28–36. doi:10.1177/002224299405800403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousseau, D., S. Sitkin, R. Burt, and C. Camerer. 1998. “Not so Different after All: A Cross-Discipline View of Trust.” Academy of Management Review 23 (3): 393–404. doi:10.5465/amr.1998.926617.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuman, H. and S. Presser. 1979. “The Assessment of “No Opinion” in Attitude Surveys.” Sociological Methodology 10: 241–275.
   Google Scholar
• Slovic, P. 1997. “Trust, Emotion, Sex, Politics and Science: Surveying the Risk-Assessment Battlefield.” In Environment, Risk and Behavior, edited by D. Bazerman, D. Messick, A. Tenbrunsel, and K. Wade-Benzoni, 277–313. San Francisco, CA: The New Lexington Press.
   Google Scholar
• Six, F., and K. Verhoest. 2017. “An Agenda for Further Research into the Role of Trust in Regulatory Regimes.” In Trust in Regulatory Regimes, edited by F. Six and K. Verhoest, 224–242. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, T. 1982. “An Analysis of the Relationship between Education and Item Nonresponse.” Political Methodology 8 (3): 47–57.
   Google Scholar
• Thiers, P. 2002. “From Grassroots Movement to State-Coordinated Market Strategy: The Transformation of Organic Agriculture in China.” Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20 (3): 357–373. doi:10.1068/c2v.
   Google Scholar
• Van de Walle, S., and F. Six. 2014. “Trust and Distrust as Distinct Concepts: Why Studying Distrust in Institutions is Important.” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 16 (2): 158–174. doi:10.1080/13876988.2013.785146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venables, W. N., and B. D. Ripley. 2002 Modern Applies Statistics with S. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Verplanken, B., G. Hofstee, and H. J. W. Janssen. 1998. “Accessibility of Affective versus Cognitive Components of Attitudes.” European Journal of Social Psychology 28 (1): 23–35. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199801/02)28:1<23::AID-EJSP843>3.0.CO;2-Z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wales, C., M. Harvey, and A. Warde. 2006. “Recuperating from BSE: The Shifting UK Institutional Basis for Trust in Food.” Appetite 47 (2): 187–195. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.05.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, G., P. Simmons, A. Irwin, and B. Wynne. 1998. Public Perception of Risks Associated with Major Accident Hazards. London: HSE Books.
   Google Scholar
• Walls, J., N. Pidgeon, A. Weyman, and T. Horlick-Jones. 2004. “Critical Trust: Understanding Lay Perceptions of Health and Safety Risk Regulation.” Health, Risk & Society 6 (2): 133–150. doi:10.1080/1369857042000219788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardman, J. K., and R. Löfstedt. 2018. “Anticipating or Accommodating to Public Concern? Risk Amplification and the Politics of Precaution Reexamined.” Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis 38 (9): 1802–1819. doi:10.1111/risa.12997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waytz, A., N. Epley, and J. T. Cacioppo. 2010. “Social Cognition Unbound: Insights into Anthropomorphism and Dehumanization.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 19 (1): 58–62. doi:10.1177/0963721409359302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wicks, A. C., S. L. Berman, and T. M. Jones. 1999. “The Structure of Optimal Trust: Moral and Strategic Implications.” The Academy of Management Review 24 (1): 99. doi:10.2307/259039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Y., E. W. T. Ngai, P. Wu, and C. Wu. 2020. “Fake Online Reviews: Literature Review, Synthesis, and Directions for Future Research.” Decision Support Systems 132: 113280. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2020.113280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajonc, R. B. 1984. “On the Primacy of Affect.” American Psychologist 39 (2): 117–123. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.39.2.117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuang, M., G. Cui, and L. Peng. 2018. “Manufactured Opinions: The Effect of Manipulating Online Product Reviews.” Journal of Business Research 87: 24–35. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar