Comprehension skills of Chinese-English dual language learners: relations across languages and associations with language richness at home

References

• Acock, A. C. 2014. A Gentle Introduction to Stata. 4th ed. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
   Google Scholar
• Asian American Federation. 2014. The State of Asian American Children. New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• August, D., and T. Shanahan (eds). 2006. Developing Literacy in Second-Language Learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on Language Minority Children and Youth. Mahwah, NJ: LawrenceErlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Barner, D., K. Chow, and S. J. Yang. 2009. “Finding One’s Meaning: A Test of the Relation Between Quantifiers and Integers in Language Development.” Cognitive Psychology 58 (2): 195–219. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.07.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower, C., L. Foster, L. Zimmermann, B. N. Verdine, M. Marzouk, S. Islam, R. M. Golinkoff, and K. Hirsh-Pasek. 2020. “Three-year-olds’ Spatial Language Comprehension and Links with Mathematics and Spatial Performance.” Developmental Psychology 56 (10): 1894–1905. doi:10.1037/dev0001098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner, U., and P. A. Morris. 2006. “The Bioecological Model of Human Development.” In Handbook of Child Psychology, Vol. 1: Theoretical Models of Human Development, edited by W. Damon, and R. M. Lerner, (6th ed., 793–828). New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, P. J., X. Jia, M. D. Braine, and M. Da Graca Dias. 1998. “A Cross-Linguistic Study of Children's Comprehension of Universal Quantifiers: A Comparison of Mandarin Chinese, Portuguese and English.” First Language 18 (52): 33–79. doi:10.1177/014272379801805202.
   Google Scholar
• Castro, D. C. 2014. “The Development and Early Care and Education of Dual Language Learners: Examining the State of Knowledge.” Early Childhood Research Quarterly 29 (4): 693–698. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.08.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, S. L. 1992. “The Acquisition of Locative Constructions in Cantonese Children.” PhD diss., Stanford University.
   Google Scholar
• Cheung, S., P. F. Kan, E. Winicour, and J. Yang. 2019. “Effects of Home Language Input on the Vocabulary Knowledge of Sequential Bilingual Children.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22 (5): 986–1004. doi:10.1017/S1366728918000810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christou, S., M. Sanz-Torrent, C. J. Coloma, E. Guerra, C. Araya, and L. Andreu. 2021. “Real-time Comprehension of Spanish Prepositions and Prepositional Locutions in Bilingual Children with Developmental Language Disorder: A Study Based on eye-Movement Evidence.” International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 56 (1): 51–71. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins, J. 1981. “The Role of Primary Language Development in Promoting Educational Success for Language Minority Students.” In Schooling and Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework, California State Department of Education Office of Bilingual Education (ed.), 3–49. Los Angeles, CA: Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center, California State University.
   Google Scholar
• Cummins, J. 2008. “Teaching for Transfer: Challenging the Two Solitudes Assumption in Bilingual Education.” In Encyclopedia of Language and Education, edited by N. H. Hornberger. Boston: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• De Houwer, A. 2007. “Parental Language Input Patterns and Children’s Bilingual use.” Applied Psycholinguistics 28: 411–424. doi:10.1017/S0142716407070221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, X., and V. Yip. 2016. “Cognition and Perception in the Linguistic Encoding of Space in Child Mandarin.” Journal of Chinese Linguistics 44 (2): 287–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn, L. M., and D. M. Dunn. 2007. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th ed. Bloomington, MN: NCS Pearson, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Farver, J. A. M., Y. Xu, C. J. Lonigan, and S. Eppe. 2013. “The Home Literacy Environment and Latino Head Start Children's Emergent Literacy Skills.” Developmental Psychology 49 (4): 775–791. doi:10.1037/a0028766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenson, L., P. S. Dale, J. S. Reznick, E. Bates, D. J. Thal, S. J. Pethick, M. Tomasello, C. B. Mervis, and J. Stiles. 1994. “Variability in Early Communicative Development.” Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 59 (5): 1–173. doi:10.2307/1166093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festa, N., P. D. Loftus, M. R. Cullen, and F. S. Mendoza. 2014. “Disparities in Early Exposure to Book Sharing Within Immigrant Families.” Pediatrics 134 (1): e162–e168. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gándara. 2018. “The Economic Value of Bilingualism in the United States.” Bilingual Research Journal 41 (4): 334–343. doi:10.1080/15235882.2018.1532469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodrich, J. M., and C. J. Lonigan. 2017. “Language-independent and Language-Specific Aspects of Early Literacy: An Evaluation of the Common Underlying Proficiency Model.” Journal of Educational Psychology 109 (6): 782–793. doi:10.1037/edu0000179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodrich, J. M., C. J. Lonigan, C. G. Kleuver, and J. M. Farver. 2016. “Development and Transfer of Vocabulary Knowledge in Spanish-Speaking Language Minority Preschool Children.” Journal of Child Language 43: 969–992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer, C. S., F. R. Lawrence, and A. W. Miccio. 2008. “Exposure to English Before and After Entry Into Head Start: Bilingual Children's Receptive Language Growth in Spanish and English.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 11 (1): 30–56. doi:10.2167/beb376.0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoff, E. 2018. “Bilingual Development in Children of Immigrant Families.” Child Development Perspectives 12 (2): 80–86. doi:10.1111/cdep.12262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Internicola, R. W., and R. M. Weist. 2003. “The Acquisition of Simple and Complex Spatial Locatives in English: A Longitudinal Investigation.” First Language 23 (2): 239–248. doi:10.1177/01427237030232005.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, J. R., and D. I. Slobin. 1979. “The Development of Locative Expressions in English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian and Turkish.” Journal of Child Language 6 (3): 529–545. doi:10.1017/S030500090000252X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kan, P. F., and K. Kohnert. 2005. “Preschoolers Learning Hmong and English.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 48 (2): 372–383. https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.10441092-4388%282005/026%29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsos, N., C. Cummins, M. J. Ezeizabarrena, A. Gavarró, J. K. Kraljević, G. Hrzica, K. K. Grohmann, et al. 2016. “Cross-linguistic Patterns in the Acquisition of Quantifiers.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113: 9244–9249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohnert, K., P. F. Kan, and B. T. Conboy. 2010. “Lexical and Grammatical Associations in Sequential Bilingual Preschoolers.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 53 (3): 684–698. https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.10441092-4388%282009/08-0126%29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam, B. P. W., and L. Sheng. 2016. “The Development of Morphological Awareness in Young Bilinguals: Effects of age and L1 Background.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59 (4): 732–744. doi:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-14-0171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauro, J., C. Core, and E. Hoff. 2020. “Explaining Individual Differences in Trajectories of Simultaneous Bilingual Development: Contributions of Child and Environmental Factors.” Child Development 91 (6): 2063–2082. doi:10.1111/cdev.13409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, K., L. E. Sandilosa, C. S. Hammer, B. E. Sawyer, and L. I. Méndezc. 2016. “Relations among the Home Language and Literacy Environment and Children's Language Abilities: A Study of Head Start Dual Language Learners and Their Mothers.” Early Education and Development 27 (4): 478–494. doi:10.1080/10409289.2016.1082820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, R., A. Pace, D. Levine, A. Iglesias, J. de Villiers, R. M. Golinkoff, M. S. Wilson, and K. Hirsh-Pasek. 2021a. “Home Literacy Environment and Existing Knowledge Mediate the Link Between Socioeconomic Status and Language Learning Skills in Dual Language Learners.” Early Childhood Research Quarterly 55: 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.10.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, R., L. Song, C. Villacis, and G. Santiago-Bonilla. 2021b. “Parental Beliefs and Knowledge, Children’s Home Language Experiences, and School Readiness: The Dual Language Perspective.” Frontiers in Psychology 12. Article 661208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier, M. F., N. L. Bohlmann, and N. A. Palacios. 2016. “Cross-language Associations in the Development of Preschoolers’ Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary.” Early Childhood Research Quarterly 36 (3): 49–63. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.11.006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marchman, V. A., C. Martínez-Sussmann, and P. S. Dale. 2004. “The Language-Specific Nature of Grammatical Development: Evidence from Bilingual Language Learners.” Developmental Science 7 (2): 212–224. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00340.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, A., C. S. Tamis-LeMonda, M. H. Bornstein, C. B. Cates, R. M. Golinkoff, A. W. Guerra, K. Hirsh-Pasek, et al.. 2013. “Multilingual Children: Beyond Myths and Toward Best Practices and Commentaries.” Social Policy Report 27 (4): 1–37.
   Google Scholar
• Melby-Lervåg, M., and A. Lervåg. 2011. “Cross-Linguistic Transfer of Oral Language, Decoding, Phonological Awareness and Reading Comprehension: A Meta-Analysis of the Correlational Evidence.” Journal of Research in Reading 34 (1): 114–135. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9817.2010.01477.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mol, S. E., and A. G. Bus. 2011. “To Read or not to Read: A Meta-Analysis of Print Exposure from Infancy to Early Adulthood.” Psychological Bulletin 137 (2): 267–296. doi:10.1037/a0021890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namaziandost, E. 2017. “A Review of Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis with a Phonological and Syntactical View: A Cross-Linguistic Study.” Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research 4 (6): 165–173.
   Google Scholar
• Odlin, T. 1989. Language Transfer: Cross-Linguistic Influence in Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524537.
   Google Scholar
• Oh, J. S., and A. J. Fuligni. 2010. “The Role of Heritage Language Development in the Ethnic Identity and Family Relationships of Adolescents from Immigrant Backgrounds.” Social Development 19: 202–220. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00530.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace, A., R. Luo, D. Levine, A. Iglesias, J. De Villiers, R. M. Golinkoff, M. S. Wilson, and K. Hirsh-Pasek. 2021. “Within and Across Language Predictors of Word Learning Processes in Dual Language Learners.” Child Development 92 (1): 35–53. doi:10.1111/cdev.13418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palermo, F., A. Mikulski, R. Fabes, C. Martin, and L. Hanish. 2017. “Cross-language Associations and Changes in Spanish-Speaking Preschoolers’ English and Spanish Academic Abilities.” Applied Psycholinguistics 38 (2): 347–370. doi:10.1017/S0142716416000217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paradis, J. 2011. “Individual Differences in Child English Second Language Acquisition: Comparing Child-Internal and Child-External Factors.” Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 1 (3): 213–237. doi:10.1075/lab.1.3.01par.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, M., J. Zong, and J. Batalova. 2018. Growing Superdiversity among Young U.S. Dual Language Learners and its Implications. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Raikes, H., B. A. Pan, G. Luze, C. S. Tamis-LeMonda, J. Brooks-Gunn, J. Constantine, L. B. Tarullo, H. A. Raikes, and E. T. Rodriguez. 2006. “Mother–Child Bookreading in low-Income Families: Correlates and Outcomes During the First Three Years of Life.” Child Development 77 (4): 924–953. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00911.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezzonico, S., A. Goldberg, K. Mak, S. Yap, T. Milburn, A. Belletti, and L. Girolametto. 2016. “Narratives in two Languages: Storytelling of Bilingual Cantonese-English Preschoolers.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59: 1–12. doi:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-15-0052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinker, T., N. Budde-Spengler, and S. Sachse. 2017. “The Relationship Between First Language (L1) and Second Language (L2) Lexical Development in Young Turkish-German Children.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 20 (2): 218–233. doi:10.1080/13670050.2016.1179260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivière, J., R. Lécuyer, and M. Hickmann. 2009. “Early Locomotion and the Development of Spatial Language: Evidence from Young Children with Motor Impairments.” European Journal of Developmental Psychology 6 (5): 548–566. doi: 10.1080/17405620701345712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, L. 2014. “Lexical-semantic Skills in Bilingual Children who are Becoming English-Dominant: A Longitudinal Study.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17: 556–571.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, L., B. P. W. Lam, D. Cruz, and A. Fulton. 2016. “A Robust Demonstration of the Cognate Facilitation Effect in First Language and Second Language Naming.” Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 141: 229–238. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2015.09.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, L., Y. Lu, and P. F. Kan. 2011. “Lexical Development in Mandarin–English Bilingual Children.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14 (4): 579–587. doi:10.1017/S1366728910000647.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, L., D. Wang, C. Walsh, L. Heisler, X. Li, and P. L. Su. 2021. “The Bilingual Home Language Boost Through the Lens of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Frontiers in Psychology: Language Sciences. Advanced Publication Online. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667836.
   Google Scholar
• Song, L., R. Luo, and E. Liang. 2021. “Dual Language Development of Chinese 3-and 4-Year-Olds: Associations with the Family Context and Teachers’ Language Use.” Early Education and Development. Advanced Online Publication. doi:10.1080/10409289.2020.1865746.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, L., C. S. Tamis-LeMonda, H. Yoshikawa, R. Kahana-Kalman, and I. Wu. 2012. “Language Experiences and Vocabulary Development in Dominican and Mexican Infants Across the First 2 Years.” Developmental Psychology 48 (4): 1106–1123. doi:10.1037/a0026401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syrett, K., A. Lingwall, S. Perez-Cortes, J. Austin, L. Sánchez, H. Baker, C. Germak, and A. Arias-Amaya. 2017. “Differences Between Spanish Monolingual and Spanish-English Bilingual Children in Their Calculation of Entailment-Based Scalar Implicatures.” Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics 2 (1): 31. doi:10.5334/gjgl.76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., L. Song, R. Luo, Y. Kuchirko, R. Kahana-Kalman, H. Yoshikawa, and J. Raufman. 2014. “Children's Vocabulary Growth in English and Spanish Across Early Development and Associations with School Readiness Skills.” Developmental Neuropsychology 39 (2): 69–87. doi:10.1080/87565641.2013.827198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsoi, E., W. Yang, A. Chan, and E. Kidd. 2019. “Mandarin–English Speaking Bilingual and Mandarin Speaking Monolingual Children’s Comprehension of Relative Clauses.” Applied Psycholinguistics 40 (4): 933–964. doi:10.1017/S0142716419000079.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchikoshi, Y. 2014. “Development of Vocabulary in Spanish-Speaking and Cantonese-Speaking English Language Learners.” Applied Psycholinguistics 35 (1): 119–153. doi:10.1017/S0142716412000264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong-Fillmore, L. 1991. “When Learning a Second Language Means Losing the First.” Early Childhood Research 6: 323–346.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, M., N. Cooc, and L. Sheng. 2017. “An Investigation of Cross-Linguistic Transfer Between Chinese and English: A Meta-Analysis.” Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education 2. Article 5 doi:10.1186/s40862-017-0036-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yip, V. 2006. “Early Bilingual Acquisition in the Chinese Context.” In Handbook of East Asian Psycholinguistics (Vol.1), edited by P. Li, L.-H. Tan, E. Bates, and O. Tzeng, 148–162. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, Z., and A. E. Boehm. 2001. “American and Chinese Children’s Knowledge of Basic Relational Concepts.” School Psychology International 22 (1): 5–21. doi:10.1177/01430343010221001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar