A community survey of psychological symptoms: evaluating evolutionary theories regarding shamanism and schizophrenia

References

• Adriaens , PR . 2007 . Evolutionary psychiatry and the schizophrenia paradox . Biology and Philosophy , 22 : 513 – 528 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barber , TX . 1984 . “ Changing “unchangeable” bodily processes by (hypnotic) suggestions: A new look at hypnosis, cognitions, imagining and the mind-body problem ” . In Imagination and healing , Edited by: Sheikh , AA . 69 – 128 . Farmingdale, NY : Baywood .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , GG , Merritt , MM , Sollers , JJ , Edwards , CL , Whitfield , KE , Brandon , DT and Tucker , RD . 2004 . Stress, coping, and health outcomes among African-Americans: A review of the John Henryism hypothesis . Psychology and Health , 19 : 369 – 383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berenbaum , H , Thompson , RJ , Milanek , ME , Boden , MT and Bredemeier , K . 2008 . Psychological trauma and schizotypal personality disorder . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 117 : 502 – 519 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein , EM and Putnam , FW . 1986 . Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 174 : 727 – 735 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden , MT and Berenbaum , H . 2004 . The potentially adaptive features of peculiar beliefs . Personality and Individual Differences , 37 : 707 – 719 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bresnahan , M , Begg , MD , Brown , A , Schaefer , C , Sohler , N , Insel , B Susser , E . 2007 . Race and risk of schizophrenia in a US birth cohort: Another example of health disparity? . Journal of Epidemiology , 36 : 751 – 758 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , C . (Ed.) (2001). Recovery and wellness: Models of hope and empowerment for people with mental illness. New York: Haworth Press
   Google Scholar
• Brüne , M . 2004 . Schizophrenia – an evolutionary enigma? . Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Review , 28 : 41 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardeña , E . Lynn, S.J., & Krippner, S. (Eds.) (2000). Varieties of anomalous experience: Examining the scientific evidence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , EB , Putnam , FW , Ross , CA , Torem , M , Coons , P , Dill , DL Braun , BG . 1993 . Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for multiple personality disorder: A multicenter study . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 1030 – 1036 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control . 2008 . Behavioral risk factor surveillance system survey questionnaire , Atlanta, GA : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , JP , Chapman , LJ and Kwapil , TR . 1995 . “ Scales for the measurement of schizotypy ” . In Schizotypal personality , Edited by: Raine , A , Lencz , T and Mednick , SA . 79 – 106 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , LJ , Chapman , JP , Kwapil , TR , Eckblad , M and Zinser , MC . 1994 . Putatively psychosis prone subjects 10 years later . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 103 : 171 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claridge , G . 2010 . “ Spiritual experience: Healthy psychoticism? ” . In Psychosis and spirituality: Consolidating the new paradigm , Edited by: Clarke , I . 75 – 87 . West Sussex, UK : Wiley-Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Claridge , G and Beech , T . 1995 . “ Fully and quasi-dimensional constructions of schizotypy ” . In Schizotypal personality , Edited by: Raine , A , Lencz , T and Mednick , SA . 192 – 216 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, I. (Ed.). (2010). Psychosis and spirituality: Consolidating the new paradigm. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell
   Google Scholar
• Cochran , G and Harpending , H . 2009 . The 10,000 year explosion: How civilization accelerated human evolution , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Corcoran , C , Walker , E , Huot , R , Mittal , V , Tessner , K , Kestler , L and Malaspina , D . 2003 . The stress cascade and schizophrenia: Etiology and onset . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 29 : 671 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Koning , MB , Bloemen , OJ , van Amelsvoort , TA , Becker , HE , Nieman , DH , van der Gaag , M and Linzen , DH . 2009 . Early intervention in patients at ultra high risk of psychosis: Benefits and risks . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 119 : 426 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DSM-IV-TR . 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (4th ed.), text revision , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association .
   Google Scholar
• Eliade , M . (1974). Shamanism: Archaic techniques of ecstasy (W.R. Trask, Trans.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
   Google Scholar
• Ford , ME , Hill , D , Butler , A and Havstad , S . 2002 . “ Applying health locus of control and John Henryism active coping theories to older African American Adults ” . In Multicultural measurement in older populations , Edited by: Skinner , JH , Teresi , JA , Holmes , SM , Stahl , SM and Stewart , AL . 179 – 188 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Gill , M , Donohoe , G and Corvin , A . 2010 . What have the genomics ever done for the psychoses? . Psychological Medicine , 40 : 529 – 540 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greeley , AM . 1987 . Mysticism goes mainstream . American Health , 6 : 47 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Hartmann , E . 1991 . Boundaries in the mind: A new psychology of personality , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Heap , MI . Brown, R.J., & Oakley, D.A. (Eds.) (2004). The highly hypnotizable person: Theoretical, experimental, and clinical issues. New York: Brunner-Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Heriot-Maitland , CP . 2007 . Mysticism and madness: Different aspects of the same human experience? . Mental Health, Religion & Culture , 11 : 301 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Hodge , DR . 2006 . Spiritually modified cognitive therapy: A review of the literature . Social Work , 51 : 157 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodge , DR . 2008 . Constructing spiritually modified intervention: Cognitive therapy with diverse populations . International Social Work , 51 : 178 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houran , J , Kumar , VK , Thalbourne , MA and Lavertue , NE . 2002 . Haunted by somatic tendencies: Spirit infestation as psychogenic illness . Mental Health, Religion & Culture , 5 : 119 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , M . 2010 . “ The paradigm-shifting hypothesis: A common process in benign psychosis and psychotic disorder ” . In Psychosis and spirituality: Consolidating the new paradigm , Edited by: Clarke , I . 139 – 153 . West Sussex, UK : Wiley-Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Karlsgodt , KH , Sun , D , Jimenez , AM , Lutkenhoff , ES , Willhite , R , van Erp , TG and Cannon , TD . 2008 . Developmental disruptions in neural connectivity in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia . Development and Psychopathology , 20 : 1297 – 1327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , MC and Miller , G . 2006 . Resolving the paradox of common, harmful, heritable mental disorders: Which evolutionary genetic models work best? . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 29 : 385 – 404 . discussion; 405–452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killackey , E and Yung , AR . 2007 . Effectiveness of early intervention in psychosis . Current Opinion in Psychiatry , 20 : 121 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig , HG . 1998 . Handbook of religion and mental health , San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Koenig , HG . 2005 . Faith and mental health: Religious resources for healing , West Conshohocken, PA : Templeton Foundation Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lange , R , Thalbourne , MA , Houran , J and Storm , L . 2000 . The revised Transliminality Scale: Reliability and validity data from a Rasch top-down purification procedure . Consciousness and Cognition , 9 : 591 – 617 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leff , J . 1981 . Psychiatry around the globe: A transcultural view , New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis-Williams , JD . 2002 . The mind in the cave: Consciousness and the origins of art , London : Thames and Hudson .
   Google Scholar
• Loewenthal , K . (2007). Religion, culture and mental health. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Marshall , M . & Rathbone, J. (2006). Early intervention for psychosis, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004718.pub2. PMID 17054213
   Google Scholar
• McClenon , J . 1993 . The experiential foundations of shamanic healing . Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , 18 : 107 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClenon , J . 1994 . Wondrous events: Foundations of religious belief , Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press .
   Google Scholar
• McClenon , J . 1997 . Shamanic healing, human evolution, and the origin of religion . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 36 : 345 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClenon , J . 2000 . Content analysis of an anomalous memorate collection: Testing hypotheses regarding universal features . Sociology of Religion , 61 : 155 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClenon , J . 2002 . Wondrous healing: Shamanism, human evolution, and the origin of religion , DeKalb, IL : Northern Illinois University Press .
   Google Scholar
• McClenon , J . 2005 . Rootlore as therapy: Evolutionary impacts of ritual suggestion . Journal of Ritual Studies , 19 : 115 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• McClenon , J . 2011 . Evolutionary theories of schizophrenia: An experience-centered review . Journal of Mind and Behavior , 32 : 135 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCreery , C and Claridge , G . 2002 . Healthy schizotypy: The case of out-of-body experiences . Personality and Individual Differences , 32 : 141 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihalopoulos , C , Harris , M , Henry , L , Harrigan , S and McGorry , P . 2009 . Is early intervention in psychosis cost-effective over the long term? . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 35 : 909 – 918 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , WR . (Ed.). (2000). Integrating spirituality into treatment: Resources for practitioners, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , KJ and Porteous , DJ . 2011 . Rethinking the genetic architecture of schizophrenia . Psychological Medicine , 41 : 19 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirowsky , J . 1990 . Subjective boundaries and combinations in psychiatric diagnoses . Journal of Mind and Behavior , 11 : 407 – 424 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirowsky , J and Ross , CE . 1989 . Social causes of psychological distress , Hawthorne, NY : Aldine de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Mithen , SJ . 2006 . The singing Neanderthals: The origins of music, language, mind and body , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mohr , S , Brandt , P , Borras , L , Gilliéron , C and Huguelet , P . 2006 . Toward an integration of spirituality and religiousness into the psychosocial dimension of schizophrenia . American Journal of Psychiatry , 163 : 1952 – 1959 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohr , S and Huguelet , P . 2004 . The relationship between schizophrenia and religion and its implications for care . Swiss Medical Weekly , 134 : 369 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz , A , Schäfer , I and Dorahy , M . 2008 . Psychosis, trauma, and dissociation: Emerging perspectives on severe psychopathology , Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Noll , R . 1983 . Shamanism and schizophrenia: A state-specific approach to the “schizophrenia metaphor” of shamanic states . American Ethnologist , 10 : 443 – 459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott , U , Reuter , M , Hennig , J and Vaitl , D . 2005 . Evidence for a common biological basis of the absorption trait, hallucinogen effects, and positive symptoms: Epistasis between 5-HT2a and COMT polymorphisms . American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetic , 137B : 29 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavot , W and Diener , E . 1993 . Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale . Psychological Assessment , 5 : 164 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearlson , GD and Folley , BS . 2008 . Schizophrenia, psychiatric genetics, and Darwinian psychiatry: An evolutionary framework . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 34 : 722 – 733 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polimeni , J and Reiss , JP . 2003 . Evolutionary perspective on schizophrenia . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 48 : 34 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raine , A , Lencz , T and Mednick , SA . 1995 . Schizotypal personality , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Read , J , van Os , J , Morrison , AP and Ross , CA . 2005 . Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: A literature review with theoretical and clinical implications . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 112 : 330 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romme , M . & Escher, S. (Eds.) (1993). Accepting voices. London: Mind Publications
   Google Scholar
• Romme , M . 2009 . Escher, S., Dillon, J., Corstens, D., & Morris, M. , Living with voices: 50 stories of recovery. Herefordshire, UK: PCCS Books
   Google Scholar
• Ross , CA and Keyes , B . 2004 . Dissociation and schizophrenia . Journal of Trauma and Dissociation , 5 : 69 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Sar , V . 2006 . The scope of dissociative disorders: An international perspective . The Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 29 : 227 – 244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sar , V , Taycan , O , Bolat , N , Özmen , M , Duran , A , Öztürk , E and Erte-Vehid , H . 2010 . Childhood trauma and dissociation in schizophrenia . Psychopathology , 43 : 33 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield , K and Claridge , G . 2007 . Paranormal experiences and mental health: Schizotypy as an underlying factor . Personality and Individual Differences , 43 : 1908 – 1916 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumaker , JF . 1990 . Wings of illusion: The origin, nature and future of paranormal belief , Buffalo, NY : Prometheus Books .
   Google Scholar
• Schumaker , JF . 1995 . The corruption of reality: A unified theory of religion, hypnosis, and psychopathology , Amherst, NY : Prometheus Books .
   Google Scholar
• Shor , RE and Orne , EC . 1962 . Harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility: Form A , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sigerist , HE . 1987a . A history of medicine, I: Primitive and archaic medicine , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sigerist , HE . 1987b . A history of medicine, II: Early Greek, Hindu, and Persian medicine , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , DB . 2007 . Muses, madmen, and prophets: Rethinking the history, science, and meaning of audio hallucination , New York : Penguin Press .
   Google Scholar
• Somer , E . 2006 . Culture-bound dissociation: A comparative analysis . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 29 : 213 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer , C , Haug , H and Freyberger , HJ . 1997 . Dissociative symptoms in schizophrenia patients with positive and negative symptoms . Psychopathology , 30 : 67 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens , A and Price , J . 2000 . Evolutionary psychiatry: A new beginning , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Szekely , A , Kovacs-Nagy , R , Bányai , EI , Gosi-Greguss , AC , Varga , K , Halmai , Z Sasvari-Szekely , M . 2010 . Association between hypnotizability and the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism . International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 58 : 301 – 315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tai , S and Turkington , D . 2009 . The evolution of cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: Current practice and recent developments . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 35 : 865 – 873 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellegen , A and Atkinson , G . 1974 . Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (“absorption”), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 83 : 268 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wade , N . (2009, July 1). Hoopla, and disappointment, in schizophrenia research. New York Times. Retrieved from http://tierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/01/hoopla-and-disappointment-in-schizophrenia-research/
   Google Scholar
• Waller , NG , Kojetin , BA , Bouchard , TJ , Lykken , DT and Tellegen , A . 1990 . Genetic and environmental influences on religious interests, attitudes, and values: A study of twins reared apart and together . Psychological Science , 1 : 138 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner , R . 2004 . Recovery from schizophrenia: Psychiatry and political economy , New York : Brunner-Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , R and Williams , V . 1994 . Anger kills: Seventeen strategies for controlling the hostility that can harm your health , New York : HarperPerennial .
   Google Scholar
• Winkelman , M . 2010 . Shamanism: A biopsychosocial paradigm of consciousness and healing , 2nd , Santa Barbara, CA : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Yapko , MD . 2011 . Mindfulness and hypnosis: The power of suggestion to transform experience , New York : W.W. Norton .
   Google Scholar