Effects of an Islamic-based gratitude strategy on Muslim students’ level of happiness

References

• Adler, M. G., & Fagley, N. S. (2005). Appreciation: Individual differences in finding value and meaning as a unique predictor of subjective wellbeing. Journal of Personality, 73, 79–114. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00305.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angner, E. (2008). The philosophical foundations of subjective measures of well-being. In L. Bruni, F. Comin, & M. Pugno (Eds.), Capabilities and happiness (pp. 286–298). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aqababaii, N., Farahani, H., & Tabik, M. T. (2012). The relationship between gratitude to God, personality, well-being and mental health factors. Psychology and Religion: Iranian Quarterly Journal of Psychological Inquiry, 5(17), 115–132. Retrieved from http://ravanshenasi.nashriyat.ir/node/168#_ftn5
   Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2010). Population distribution and basic demographic characteristic report 2010. Retrieved from https://www.statistics.gov.my
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31, 103–157. doi:10.1007/BF01207052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The handbook of positive psychology (pp. 63–73). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Sandvik, E., & Pavot, W. (1991). Happiness is the frequency, not the intensity, of positive versus negative affect. In F. Strack, M. Argyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 119–139). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deiner, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New Well-being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97, 143–156. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodge, R., Daly, A., Huyton, J., & Sanders, L. (2012). The challenge of defining wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(3), 222–235. doi:10.5502/ijw.v2i3.4
   Google Scholar
• Ellison, C., & Levin, S. (1998). The religion-health connection: Evidence, theory, and future directions. Health Education and Behavior, 25, 700–720. doi:10.1177/109019819802500603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377–389. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L. (2008). Promoting positive affect. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 449–468). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity: Ground breaking research reveals how to embrace the hidden strength of positive emotions, overcome negativity, and thrive. New York, NY: Crown Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional wellbeing. Psychological Science, 13, 172–175. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 365–376. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasser, T., & Sheldon, K. M. (2002). What makes for a merry Christmas? Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(4), 313–329. doi:10.1023/A:1021516410457
   Google Scholar
• Krause, N., & Ellison, C. G. (2009). Social environment of the church and feelings of gratitude towards God. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1, 191–205. doi:10.1037/a0016729
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. A., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803–855. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111–131. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Is gratitude a moral affect? Psychological Bulletin, 127, 249–266. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, M. E., Tsang, J., & Emmons, R. A. (2004). Gratitude in intermediate affective terrain: Links of grateful moods to individual differences and daily emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 295–309. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGillivray, M., & Clarke, M. (2006). Human well-being: Concepts and measures. In M. McGillivray & M. Clarke (Eds.), Understanding human well-being (pp. 3–16). Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Mineka, S., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1998). Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 377–412. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2006). Guidelines for ethical review of clinical research or research involving human subjects 2006. Retrieved from http://www.nccr.gov.my
   Google Scholar
• Myers, D. G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, 55, 56–67. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otake, K., Shimai, S., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Otsui, K., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). Happy people become happier through kindness: A counting kindness intervention. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 361–375. doi:10.1007/s10902-005-3650-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pallant, J. (2001). The SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (4th ed.). St Leonards: Allen & Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Park, N., Peterson, C., Martin, E., & Seligman, P. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 603–619. doi:10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavot, W. G., Diener, E., Colvin, C. R., & Sandvik, E. (1991). Further validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale: Evidence for the cross-method convergence of well-being measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57, 149–161. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5701_17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pressman, S. D., & Cohen, S. (2005). Does positive affect influence health? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 925–971. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid, T. (2009). Positive intervention in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65, 461–466. doi:10.1002/jclp.20588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes-García, V., Babigumira, R., Pyhälä, A., Wunder, S., Zorondo-Rodríguez, F., & Angelsen, A. (2016). Subjective wellbeing and income: Empirical patterns in the rural developing world. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 773–791. doi:10.1007/s10902-014-9608-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosmarin, D. H., Pirutinsky, S., Cohen, A., Galler, Y., & Krumrei, E. J. (2011). Grateful to God or just plain grateful? A study of religious and non-religious gratitude. Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(5), 389–396. doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.596557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60, 410–421. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need-satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 482–497. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldon, K. M., Elliot, A. J., Kim, Y., & Kasser, T. (2001). What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(2), 325–339. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldon, K. M., & Kasser, T. (2001). Getting older, getting better? Personal strivings and psychological maturity across the life span. Developmental Psychology, 37(4), 491–501. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.4.491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2004). Achieving sustainable new happiness: Prospects, practices, and prescriptions. In A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 127–145). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 73–82. doi:10.1080/17439760500510676
   Google Scholar
• Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65, 467–487. doi:10.1002/jclp.20593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, R. C. (1977). The passions. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
   Google Scholar
• Suhail, K. H., & Chaudhry, R. (2004). Predictors of subjective well-being in an eastern Muslim culture. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 359–376. doi:10.1521/jscp.23.3.359.35451
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Toepfer, S., & Walker, K. (2009). Letters of gratitude: Improving well-being through expressive writing. Journal of Writing Research, 1, 181–198. doi:10.17239/jowr-2009.01.03.1
   Google Scholar
• Tsang, J., Schulwitz, J., & Carlisle, R. D. (2012). An experimental test of the relationship between religion and gratitude. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(1), 40–55. doi: 10.1037/a0025632
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernon, L., Dillon, J., & Steiner, A. (2009). Proactive coping, gratitude, and posttraumatic stress disorder in college women. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 22, 117–127. doi:10.1080/10615800802203751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. L. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude and relationships with subjective wellbeing. Social Behaviour and Personality, 31, 431–451. doi:10.2224/sbp.2003.31.5.431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92, 548–573. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Gillett, R., Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2008). The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 854–871. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar