Dysfunctional cognitions mediate the relationships between religiosity, paranormal beliefs, and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder

References

• Abramowitz, J. S., Deacon, B. J., Woods, C. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2004). Association between Protestant religiosity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and cognitions. Depression and Anxiety, 20, 70–76. doi: 10.1002/da.20021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agorastos, A., Demiralay, C., & Huber, C. G. (2014). Influence of religious aspects and personal beliefs on psychological behavior: Focus on anxiety disorders. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 7, 93–101. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S43666
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agorastos, A., Metscher, T., Huber, C. G., Jelinek, L., Vitzhum, F., Muhtz, C., … Moritz, S. (2012). Religiosity, magical ideation, and paranormal beliefs in anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A cross sectional study. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 10, 876–884. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31826b6e92
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and –II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 588–597. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14, 485–496. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, R. O., & Gross, R. C. (1993). The hoarding of possessions. Behavior Research and Therapy, 31, 367–381. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(93)90094-B
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs, N. A. (1996). Nonclinical populations in research on obsessive-compulsive disorder: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 729–773. doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(96)00043-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Himle, J. A., Chatters, L. M., Taylor, J. T., & Nguyen, A. (2011). The relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and religious faith: Clinical characteristics and implications for treatment. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 3, 241–258. doi: 10.1037/a0023478
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inozu, M., Karanci, A. N., & Clark, D. A. (2012). Why are religious individuals more obsessional? The role of mental control beliefs and guilt in Muslims and Christians. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43, 959–966. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inozu, M., Ulukut, F. O., Ergun, G., & Alcolado, G. M. (2014). The mediating role of disgust sensitivity and thought-action fusion between religiosity and obsessive compulsive symptoms. International Journal of Psychology, 49, 334–341. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauzay, D., Spradlin, A., & Cuttler, C. (2016). Devils, witches, and psychics: The role of thought-action fusion in the relationships between obsessive-compulsive features, religiosity, and paranormal beliefs. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 11, 113–120. doi: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, E. A., Abramowitz, J. S., Whiteside, S. P., & Deacon, B. J. (2006). Scrupulosity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Relationship to clinical and cognitive phenomena. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 1071–1086. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 667–681. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00017-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. (2005). Psychometric validation of the Obsessive Belief Questionnaire and Interpretation of Intrusions Inventory- Part 2: Factor analyses and testing of a brief version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1527–1542. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.07.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olatunji, B. O., Abramowitz, J. S., Williams, N. L., Connolly, K. M., & Lohr, J. M. (2007). Scrupulosity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Confirmatory factor analysis and validity of the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 771–787. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plante, T. G., & Boccaccini, M. T. (1997). The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. Pastoral Psychology, 45, 375–387. doi: 10.1007/BF02230993
   Google Scholar
• Plante, T. G., Yancey, S., Sherman, A., Guertin, M., & Pardini, D. (1999). Further validation of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. Pastoral Psychology, 48, 11–21. doi: 10.1023/A:1021950628088
   Google Scholar
• Rachman, S. (1997). A cognitive theory of obsessions. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 35, 793–802. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00040-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachman, S., & de Silva, P. (1978). Abnormal and normal obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 889–898. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(78)90022-0 doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00051-4
   Google Scholar
• Salkovskis, P. M., & Harrison, J. (1984). Abnormal and normal obsessions: A replication. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 1–4. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(84)90057-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafran, R., Thordarson, D. S., & Rachman, S. (1996). Thought-action fusion in obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10, 379–391. doi: 10.1016/0887-6185(96)00018-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siev, J., Baer, L., & Minichiello, W. E. (2011). Obsessive compulsive disorder with predominately scrupulous symptoms: Clinical and religious characteristics. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 1188–1196. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siev, J., Chambless, D. L., & Huppert, J. D. (2010). Moral thought-action fusion and OCD symptoms: The moderating role of religious affiliation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 309–312. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tek, C., & Ulug, B. (2001). Religiosity and religious obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 104, 99–108. doi: 10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00310-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobacyk, J. J. (2004). A revised Paranormal Belief Scale. The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 23, 94–98. doi: 10.24972/ijts.2004.23.1.94
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A. D., Lau, G., & Grisham, J. R. (2013). Thought action fusion as a mediator of religiosity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44, 207–212. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, C. M., Tolin, D. F., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2004). Dimensionality of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 113–125. doi: 10.1023/B:JOBA.0000013659.13416.30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yorulmaz, O., Gencöz, T., & Woody, S. (2009). OCD cognitions and symptoms in different religious contexts. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 401–406. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yorulmaz, O., Inozu, M., & Gültepe, B. (2011). The role of magical thinking in obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and cognitions in an analogue sample. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42, 198–203. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.11.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zohar, A. H., Goldman, E., Calamary, R., & Mashiah, M. (2005). Religiosity and obsessive-compulsive behavior in Israeli Jews. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 857–868. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar