References
- Alexander, K., D. Entwisle, and N. Kabbani. 2001. “The Dropout Process in Life Course Perspective: Early Risk Factors at Home and School.” Teachers College Record 103: 760–822.
- Ball, S. J. 2003. “The Teacher’s Soul and the Terrors of Performativity.” Journal of Education Policy 18 (2): 15–28.
- Batini, F., V. Corallino, G. Toti, and M. Bartolucci. 2017. “NEET: A Phenomenon Yet to be Explored.” Interchange 48 (1): 19–37.
- Battin-Pearson, S., M. D. Newcomb, R. D. Abbott, K. G. Hill, R. F. Catalano, and J. D. Hawkins. 2000. “Predictors of Early High School Dropout: A Test of Five Theories.” Journal of Educational Psychology 92 (3): 568–582.
- Bickerstaff, S. 2010. ““I Felt Untraditional”: High School Leavers Negotiating Dominant Discourses on “Dropout”.” Journal of Education 190 (3): 37–45.
- Blue, D., and J. E. Cook. 2004. “High School Dropouts: Can We Reverse the Stagnation in School Graduation?” Study of High School Restructuring 1 (2): 1–11.
- Booher-Jennings, J. 2008. “Learning to Label: Socialisation, Gender, and the Hidden Curriculum of High-Stakes Testing.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 29 (2): 149–160.
- Bridgeland, J. M., J. J. Dilulio, and K. B. Morrison. 2006. The Silent Epidemic: Perspectives of High School Dropouts. Washington: Civic Enterprises.
- Bronfenbrenner, U. 1979. The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Brown, C. 2014. Educational Binds of Poverty: The Lives of School Children. Routledge.
- Brown, C., and S. Carr. 2019. “Educational Policy and Mental Weakness: A Response to a Mental Health Crisis.” Journal of Education Policy 34 (2): 242–266.
- Brown, C., and J. Dixon. 2020. “‘Push on Through’: Children’s Perspectives on the Narratives of Resilience in Schools Identified for Intensive Mental Health Promotion.” British Educational Research Journal 46 (2): 379–398.
- Brown, C., and M. Donnelly. 2022. “Theorising Social and Emotional Wellbeing in Schools: A Framework for Analysing Educational Policy.” Journal of Education Policy 37 (4): 613–633. doi:10.1080/02680939.2020.1860258.
- Brown et al. 2021. “A Conceptual Framework for Researching the Risks to Early Leaving.” Journal Anonymous for Review 24 (7–8): 723–739. doi:10.1080/13639080.2021.2003007.
- Cabus, S., and K. de Witte. 2015. “Does Unauthorized School Absenteeism Accelerate the Dropout Decision? Evidence Form a Bayesian Duration Model.” Applied Economics Letter 22 (4): 266–271.
- Casillas, A., S. Robbins, J. Allen, Y.-L. Kuo, M. A. Hanson, and C. Scheiser. 2012. “Predicting Early Academic Failure in High School from Prior Academic Achievement, Psychosocial Characteristics, and Behaviour.” Journal of Educational Psychology 104 (2): 407–420.
- Clandinin, D., D. Caine, V. Steeves, V. Caine, and P. Steeves. 2013. Composing Lives in Transition: A Narrative Inquiry Into the Experiences of Early School Leavers. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- DfE (Department, for Education). 2014. “September Guarantee: Education and training for young people.” Accessed 19 October 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/septemberguarantee- offers-of-education-or-training-for-16-to-17-year-olds.
- Department for Education. 2015. English Baccalaureate. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-baccalaureate-ebacc.
- DfE (Department for Education) 2020a. Competition Opens for a New Wave of Institutes of Technology. Press Release 8th October. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/competition-opens-for-new-wave-of-institutes-oftechnology.
- DfE (Department for Education) 2020b. Sex and Relationship Education. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sex-and-relationship-education.
- De Witte, K., S. Cabus, G. Thyssena, W. Groot, and H. M. Van den Brinka. 2013. “A Critical Review of the Literature on School Dropout.” Educational Research Review 10: 13–28.
- DfBIS (Department for Business, Innovation & Skills) and DfE (Department for Education). 2016. Post-16 Skills Plan Post-16 Skills Plan and Independent Report on Technical Education. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/post-16-skills-plan-and-independent-report-on-technical-education.
- DfE (Department for Education). 2012. Raising the Participation Age. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/raising-the-participation-age.
- DfE (Department for Education). 2016. Participation of Young People in Education, Employment or Training: Statutory Guidance for Local Authorities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/561546/Participation-of-young-people-in-education-employment-or-training.pdf.
- DfE (Department for Education). 2019b. The First Twelve Institutes of Technology Announced: Press Release. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-first-twelve-institutes-of-technology-announced.
- DfE (Department for Education). 2019a. T-Level Action Plan 2019. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/842382/2019_T_Level_Action_Plan.pdf.
- DH/DfE. 2017. Transforming Children and Young People's Mental Health Provision: A Green Paper. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/transforming-children-and-young-peoples-mental-health-provision-a-green-paper.
- Dickens, L., and P. Marx. 2020. “NEET as an Outcome for Care Leavers in South Africa: The Case of Girls and Boys Town.” Emerging Adulthood 8 (1): 64–72.
- Doll, J. J., Z. Eslami, and L. Walters. 2013. “Understanding Why Students Drop Out of High School, According to Their Own Reports: Are They Pushed or Pulled, or Do They Fall Out? A Comparative Analysis of Seven Nationally Representative Studies.” SAGE Open 13 (4): 1–15.
- Dorn, S. 1996. Creating the Dropout. An Institutional and Social History of School Failure. Westport, CT/London: Praeger.
- Downes, P. 2013. “Developing a Framework and Agenda for Students’ Voices in the School System Across Europe: From Diametric to Concentric Relational Spaces for Early School Leaving Preventions.” European Journal of Education 48 (3): 346–362.
- ESFA (Education and Skills Funding Agency). 2014. Guidance 16-19 Funding: Maths and English, Condition of Funding. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/16-to-19-funding-maths-and-english-condition-of-funding.
- European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. 2018. Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey. Roma – Selected Findings.
- Ferguson, B., K. Tilleczek, K. Boydell, and J. A. Rummens. 2005. Early School Leavers: Understanding the Lived Reality of Student Disengagement from Secondary School. Ontario: Ministry of Education.
- Gaspani, F. 2018. “Young-Adults NEET in Italy: Orientations and Strategies Toward the Future.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38 (1/2): 150–164.
- González-Rodríguez, D., M. J. Vieira, and J. Vidal. 2019. “Factors That Influence Early School Leaving: A Comprehensive Model.” Educational Research 61 (2): 214–230.
- Grace, R., K. Hodge, and C. McMahon. 2017. “Child Development in Context.” In Children, Families and Communities, edited by Grace K. Hodge and C. McMahon, 3–25. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
- Haig, B. D. 1987. “Scientific Problems and the Conduct of Research.” Educational Philosophy and Theory 19: 22–32.
- Harlen, W., and R. Deakin Crick. 2002. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Summative Tests on Students’ Motivation, Report for the EPPI Centre. London: Institute of Education.
- Hattam, R., and J. Smyth. 2003. “‘Not Everyone Has a Perfect Life’: Becoming Somebody Without School.” Pedagogy, Culture and Society 11 (3): 379–398.
- Haugan, J. A., P. Frostad, and P. Mjaavatn. 2019. “A Longitudinal Study of Factors Predicting Students’ Intentions to Leave Upper Secondary School in Norway.” Social Psychology of Education 22: 1259–1279.
- Henry, K. L. 2007. “Who’s Skipping School: Characteristics of Truants in 8th and 10th Grade.” Journal of School Health 77 (1): 29–35.
- Hodgson, D. 2007. “Towards a More Telling Way of Understanding Early School Leaving.” Issues in Educational Research 17 (1): 40–61.
- Holmes, C., E. Murphy, and K. Mayhew. 2019. What Accounts for Changes in the Chances of Being NEET in the UK? SKOPE Working Paper No. 128, [The Centre on] Skills, Knowledge and Organisational Performance (SKOPE). http://www.skope.ox.ac.uk/?person=what-accounts-for-changes-in-the-chances-of-being-neet-in-the-uk.
- Holte, B. 2017. “Counting and Meeting NEET Young People: Methodology, Perspectives and Meaning in Research on Marginalised Youth.” Young 26 (1): 1–16.
- Jarjoura, G. R. 1996. “The Conditional Effect of Social Class on the Dropout-Delinquency Relationships.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 33 (2): 232–255.
- Johnson, B. 2020a. Major Expansion of Post-18 Education and Training to Level Up and Prepare Workers for Post-COVID Economy. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/major-expansion-of-post-18-education-and-training-to-level-up-and-prepare-workers-for-post-covid-economy.
- Johnson, B. 2020b. PM’s Skill-Speech. September 29. Press Release. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pms-skills-speech-29-september-2020.
- Kim, S., M. Chang, K. Singh, and K. R. Allen. 2015. “Patterns and Factors of High School Dropout Risks of Racial and Linguistic Groups.” Journal of Education for Students Places at Risk (JESPAR) 20 (4): 336–351.
- Kleif, H. 2020. “The Temporality of Being NEET: A Longitudinal Study of NEET Occurrences Among Young Adults in Denmark.” Young 29 (3): 217–235.
- Kritikos, E., and C. Ching. 2005. Study on Access to Education and Training, Basic Skills and Early School Leavers. Final Report. London: GHK. http://www.voced.edu.au/content/ngv%3A33316.
- Lamb, S., E. Markussen, R. Teese, J. Polesel, and N. Sandberg. 2010. School Dropout and Completion: International Comparative Studies in Theory and Policy. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
- Layder, D. 2014. “Data Analysis: Concepts & Coding.” In Doing Excellent Small-Scale Research, edited by D. Layder, 129–158. London: Sage.
- Lee, T., and L. Breen. 2007. “Young People’s Perceptions and Experiences of Leaving High School Early: An Exploration.” Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 17 (5): 329–346.
- Lessard, A., L. B. Butler-Kisber, L. Fortin, and D. Marcotte. 2014. “Analyzing the Discourse of Dropouts and Resilient Students.” The Journal of Educational Research 107 (2): 103–110.
- Lörinc, M., L. Ryan, A. D’Angelo, and N. Kaye. 2020. “De-individualising the ‘NEET Problem’: An Ecological Systems Analysis.” European Educational Research Journal 19 (5): 412–417.
- Macdonald, R. 2011. “Youth Transitions, Unemployment and Underemployment: Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose?.” Journal of Sociology 47 (4): 427–444.
- Maguire, S., and E. McKay. 2017. Young, Female and Forgotten?: Final Report. Young Women’s Trust. https://www.youngwomenstrust.org/young-female-forgotten-2017.
- Parola, A., and C. Felaco. 2020. “A Narrative Investigation Into the Meaning and Experience of Career Destabilization in Italian NEET.” Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology 8 (2): 1–22.
- Prout, A. 2011. “Taking a Step Away from Modernity: Reconsidering the New Sociology of Childhood.” Global studies of childhood 1 (1): 4–14.
- Reay, D., and D. Wiliam. 1999. “‘I’ll be a Nothing’: Structure, Agency and the Construction of Identity Through Assessment.” British Educational Research Journal 25 (3): 343–354.
- Rodwell, L., H. Romaniuk, W. Nilsen, J. B. Carlin, K. J. Lee, and G. C. Patton. 2018. “Adolescent Mental Health and Behavioural Predictors of Being NEET: A Prospective Study of Young Adults not in Employment, Education, or Training.” Psychological Medicine 48 (5): 861–871.
- Ross, A., and C. Leathwood. 2013. “Conceptualising Early School Leaving.” European Journal of Education 48 (3): 327–330.
- Rouse, M. 2019. Pull and Push Factors That Influence a Students’ Decision to Drop Out of School. Walden: Walden University.
- Rumberger, R. W. 2004. “Why Students Drop Out of School?” In Dropouts in America: Confronting the Graduation Rate Crisis, edited by G. Orfied, 131–155. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
- Santos, S., C. Nada, E. Macedo, and H. Araujo. 2020. “What Do Young Adults’ Educational Experiences Tell Us About Early School Leaving Processes?” European Educational Research Journal 19 (5): 463–481.
- Schoon, I. 2014. “Parental Worklessness and the Experience of NEET Among Their Offspring. Evidence from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE).” Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 5 (2): 129–150.
- Sempik, J., and S. Becker. 2014. Young Adult Carers and Employment. www.carers.orgwww.youngercarersmatter.orgwww.youngcarers.nethttp://professionals.carers.orgwww.carershub.org.
- Shildrick, T., and D. MacDonald. 2007. “Biographies of Exclusion: Poor Work and Poor Transitions.” International Journal of Lifelong Education 26 (5): 589–604.
- Sidebotham, P. 2001. “An Ecological Approach to Child Abuse: A Creative Use of Scientific Models in Research and Practice.” Child Abuse Review 10: 97–112. doi:10.1002/car.643.
- Silfer, E., G. Sjorberg, and A. Bagger. 2016. “An ‘Appropriate’ Test Taker: The Everyday Classroom During the National Testing Period in School Year Three in Sweden.” Ethnography and Education 11 (3): 237–252.
- Simões, F., E. Marta, D. Marzana, S. Alfieri, and M. Pozzi. 2021. “An Analysis of Social Relationships’ Quality Associations with Hope Among Young Italians: The Role of NEET Status.” Journal of Applied Youth Studies 4: 169–184.
- Taylor, A. 2002. ““I Honestly Can’t See the Point”: Youth Negotiation of the Ideology of School Completion.” Journal of Education Policy 17 (5): 511–529.
- Taylor, S. J., R. Bogdan, and M. DeVault. 2015. Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: A Guidebook and Resource. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.