References
- Ahmed , S. 1999 . Home and away: Narratives of migration and estrangement . International Journal of Cultural Studies , 2 ( 3 ) : 329 – 347 .
- Bell , C. 2002 . The big ‘OE’: Young New Zealand travellers as secular pilgrims . Tourist Studies , 2 ( 2 ) : 143 – 158 .
- Black , J. S. and Gregersen , H. B. 1999 . The right way to manage expats . Harvard Business Review , 77 ( 2 ) : 52
- Botterill , T. D. and Crompton , J. L. 1996 . Two case studies exploring the nature of the tourist's experience . Journal of Leisure Research , 28 ( 1 ) : 57 – 82 .
- Brabanta , S. , Palmera , C. E. and Gramling , R. 1990 . Returning home: An empirical investigation of cross-cultural reentry . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 14 ( 4 ) : 387 – 404 .
- Brown , L. 2009 . The transformative power of the international sojourn: An ethnographic study of the international student experience . Annals of Tourism Research , 36 ( 3 ) : 502 – 521 .
- Brown , T. J. 1999 . Antecedents of culturally significant tourist behavior . Annals of Tourism Research , 26 ( 3 ) : 676 – 700 .
- Browne , K. 2003 . Negotiations and fieldworkings: Friendship and feminist research . ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies , 2 ( 2 ) : 132 – 146 .
- Browne , K. 2005 . Snowball sampling: Using social networks to research non-heterosexual women . International Journal of Social Research Methodology , 8 ( 1 ) : 47 – 60 .
- Clarke , N. 2004 . Free independent travellers? British working holiday makers in Australia . Transactions, Institute of British Geographers , 29 ( 4 ) : 499 – 509 .
- Clawson , M. and Knetsch , J. L. 1966 . Economics of outdoor recreation , Baltimore, MD : The John Hopkins Press .
- Cohen , E. 1974 . Who is a tourist? A conceptual clarification . Sociological Review , 22 : 527 – 555 .
- Coles , T. and Hall , C. M. 2006 . Editorial: The geography of tourism is dead. Long live geographies of tourism and mobility . Current Issues in Tourism , 9 ( 4 ) : 289 – 292 .
- Conradson , D. and Latham , A. 2005a . Escalator London? A case study of New Zealand tertiary educated migrants in a global city . Journal of Contemporary European Studies , 13 ( 2 ) : 159 – 172 .
- Conradson , D. and Latham , A. 2005b . Friendship, networks and transnationality in a world city: Antopodean transmigrants in London . Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 31 ( 2 ) : 287 – 305 .
- Conradson , D. and Latham , A. 2005c . Transnational urbanism: Attending to everyday practices and mobilities . Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 31 ( 2 ) : 227 – 233 .
- Conradson , D. and Latham , A. 2007 . The affective possibilities of London: Antipodean transnationals and the overseas experience . Mobilities , 2 ( 2 ) : 231 – 254 .
- D'Andrade , R. 1991 . “ The identification of schemas in naturalistic data ” . In Person schemas and maladaptive interpersonal patterns , Edited by: Horowitz , M. J. 279 – 301 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Denzin , N. K. and Lincoln , Y. S. 1998 . The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and issues , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
- Dey , I. 1993 . Qualitative data analysis: A user-friendly guide for social scientists , London : Routledge Kegan Paul .
- Fodness , D. and Murray , B. 1999 . A model of tourist information search behavior . Journal of Travel Research , 37 ( 3 ) : 220 – 230 .
- Foust , S. , Fieg , J. , Koester , J. , Sarbaugh , L. and Wendinger , L. 1981 . “ Dynamics of cross-cultural adjustment: From pre-arrival to re-entry ” . In Learning across cultures , Edited by: Foust , S. 7 – 29 . Washington, DC : National Association for Foreign Student Affairs .
- Freedman , A. 1986 . “ A strategy for managing ‘cultural’ transitions: Re-entry from training ” . In Cross-cultural re-entry: A book of readings , Edited by: Austin , C. N. 19 – 27 . Abilene, TX : Abilene Christian University .
- Furnham , A. 1984 . Tourism and culture shock . Annals of Tourism Research , 11 ( 1 ) : 41 – 57 .
- Gaw , K. F. 2000 . Reverse culture shock in students returning from overseas . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 24 ( 1 ) : 83 – 104 .
- Gergen , K. J. 2002 . “ The challenge of absent presence ” . In Perpetual contact: Mobile communications, private talk, public performance , Edited by: Katz , L. 227 – 241 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Gitelson , R. J. and Crompton , J. L. 1983 . The planning horizons and sources of information used by pleasure vacationers . Journal of Travel Research , 21 ( 3 ) : 2 – 7 .
- Gmelch , G. 1997 . Crossing cultures: Student travel and personal development . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 21 ( 4 ) : 475 – 490 .
- Gowans , G. 2006 . Travelling home: British women sailing from India, 1940–1947 . Women's Studies International Forum , 29 : 81 – 95 .
- Gullahorn , J. T. and Gullahorn , J. E. 1963 . An extension of the U-curve hypothesis . Journal of Social Issues , 19 : 33 – 47 .
- Hall , C. M. 2005a . Reconsidering the geography of tourism and contemporary mobility . Geographical Research , 43 ( 2 ) : 125 – 139 .
- Hall , C. M. 2005b . Tourism: Rethinking the social science of mobility , Harlow : Pearson Education .
- Hawes , F. and Kealey , D. J. 1981 . An empirical study of Canadian technical assistance: Adaptation and effectiveness on overseas assignment . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 5 ( 3 ) : 239 – 258 .
- Hays , S. 1994 . Structure and agency and the sticky problem of culture . Sociological Theory , 12 ( 1 ) : 57 – 72 .
- Hollinshead , K. 2008 . Tourism and the social production of culture and place: Critical conceptualizations on the projection of location . Tourism Analysis , 13 ( 5–6 ) : 639 – 660 .
- Hollinshead , K. 2009 . The ‘worldmaking’ prodigy of tourism: The reach and power of tourism in the dynamics of change and transformation . Tourism Analysis , 14 ( 1 ) : 139 – 152 .
- Hottola , P. 2004 . Culture confusion – intercultural adaptation in tourism . Annals of Tourism Research , 31 ( 2 ) : 447 – 466 .
- Hurn , B. J. 1999 . Repatriation – the toughest assignment of all . Industrial and Commercial Training , 31 ( 6 ) : 224 – 228 .
- Huxley , L. 2005 . Western backpackers and the global experience: An exploration of young people's interaction with local cultures . Tourism Culture & Communication , 5 ( 1 ) : 37 – 44 .
- Hyde , K. F. and Lawson , R. 2003 . The nature of independent travel . Journal of Travel Research , 42 ( 1 ) : 13 – 23 .
- Inkson , K. , Arthur , M. B. , Pringle , J. and Barry , S. 1997 . Expatriate assignment versus overseas experience: Contrasting models of international human resource development . Journal of World Business , 32 ( 4 ) : 351 – 368 .
- Inkson , K. and Myers , B. A. 2003 . ‘The big OE’: Self-directed travel and career development . Career Development International , 8 ( 4 ) : 170 – 181 .
- Jamal , T. and Hollinshead , K. 2001 . Tourism and the forbidden zone: The underserved power of qualitative inquiry . Tourism Management , 22 ( 1 ) : 63 – 82 .
- Jennings , G. 2001 . Tourism research , Milton : Wiley .
- Larsen , J. , Urry , J. and Axhausen , K. W. 2007 . Networks and tourism: Mobile social life . Annals of Tourism Research , 34 ( 1 ) : 244 – 262 .
- Lidgard , J. 2001 . Return migration of New Zealanders: A profile of returnees in 2000 . New Zealand Journal of Geography , 112 : 10 – 17 .
- MacCannell , D. 2001 . Tourist agency . Tourist studies , 1 ( 1 ) : 23 – 37 .
- MacDonald , G. 1993 . ET go home? The successful management of expatriate transfers . Journal of Managerial Psychology , 8 ( 2 ) : 18 – 29 .
- MacDonald , S. and Arthur , N. 2005 . Connecting career management to repatriation adjustment . Career Development International , 10 ( 2 ) : 145 – 159 .
- Martin , J. N. 1984 . The intercultural re-entry: Conceptualization and directions for future research . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 8 : 115 – 134 .
- McCaig , N. M. 1996 . “ Understanding global nomads ” . In Strangers at home: Essays on the effects of living overseas and coming ‘home’ to a strange land , Edited by: Smith , C. D. 99 – 120 . New York : Aletheia Publications .
- McIntosh , A. 1999 . Into the tourist's mind: Understanding the value of the heritage experience . Journal of Travel & Tourism marketing , 8 ( 1 ) : 41 – 64 .
- Milne , B. J. , Poulton , R. , Caspi , A. and Moffitt , T. E. 2001 . Brain drain or OE? Characteristics of young New Zealanders who leave . New Zealand Medical Journal , 114 ( 1141 ) : 450 – 453 .
- Muzaini , H. 2006 . Backpacking Southeast Asia: Strategies of ‘looking local’ . Annals of Tourism Research , 33 ( 1 ) : 144 – 161 .
- Nagel , J. 1994 . Constructing ethnicity: Creating and recreating ethnic identity and culture . Social Problems , 41 ( 1 ) : 152 – 176 .
- Noy , C. 2004 . This trip really changed me: Backpackers' narratives of self-change . Annals of Tourism Research , 31 ( 1 ) : 78 – 102 .
- Obenour , W. L. 2005 . The ‘journeys’ of independence for female backpackers . Tourism Review International , 9 ( 2 ) : 213 – 227 .
- Patton , M. Q. 1990 . Qualitative evaluation and research methods , 2 , London : Sage Publications .
- Pearce , P. L. 1982 . Tourists and their hosts: Some social and psychological effects of inter-cultural contact . Cultures in Contact. Studies in Cross-cultural Interaction , 1 : 199 – 221 .
- Phillimore , J. and Goodson , L. 2004 . Qualitative research in tourism: Ontologies, epistemologies and methodologies , London : Routledge .
- Pizam , A. 1978 . Dimensions of tourist satisfaction with a destination area . Annals of Tourism Research , 5 ( 3 ) : 314 – 322 .
- Pritchard , A. and Morgan , N. 2000 . Constructing tourism landscapes – gender, sexuality and space . Tourism Geographies , 2 ( 2 ) : 115 – 139 .
- Rapport , N. and Dawson , A. 1998 . Migrants of identity: Perceptions of home in a world of movement , Oxford : Berg .
- Rogers , J. and Ward , C. 1993 . Expectation-experience discrepancies and psychological adjustment during cross-cultural reentry . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 7 ( 2 ) : 185 – 196 .
- Ryan , C. 1995 . Researching tourist satisfaction , New York, NY : Routledge .
- Ryan , G. W. and Bernard , H. R. 2003 . Techniques to identify themes . Field Methods , 15 ( 1 ) : 85 – 109 .
- Sewell , W. H. 1992 . A theory of structure: Duality, agency, and transformation . The American journal of sociology , 98 ( 1 ) : 1 – 29 .
- Sheller , M. and Urry , J. 2006 . The new mobilities paradigm . Environment and Planning A , 38 ( 2 ) : 207 – 226 .
- Simpson , K. 2004 . Doing development: The GAP year, volunteer-tourists and a popular practice of development . Journal of International Development , 16 : 681 – 692 .
- Slaughter , L. 2004 . “ Profiling the international backpacker market in Australia ” . In The global nomad. Backpacker travel in theory & practice , Edited by: Wilson , G. R.J. 168 – 179 . England : Channel View .
- Small , J. 1999 . Memory-work: A method for researching women's tourist experiences . Tourism Management , 20 : 25 – 35 .
- Smith , S. L. 2002 . “ The cycle of cross-cultural adaptation and reentry ” . In Readings in intercultural communication , Edited by: Martin , J. N. , Nakayama , T. K. and Flores , L. A. Boston : McGraw-Hill .
- Steinkalk , E. 1979 . The effect of a planned intercultural experience on the attitudes and behaviour of the participants . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 3 : 187 – 197 .
- Storti , C. 1997 . The art of coming home , Maine : Intercultural Press .
- Sussman , N. M. 1986 . Re-entry research and training: Methods and implications . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 10 ( 2 ) : 235 – 254 .
- Sussman , N. M. 2000 . The dynamic nature of cultural identity throughout cultural transitions: Why home is not so sweet . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 4 : 355 – 373 .
- Sussman , N. M. 2001 . Repatriation transitions: Psychological preparedness, cultural identity, and attributions among American managers . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 25 ( 2 ) : 109 – 123 .
- Swanson , K. K. and Horridge , P. E. 2006 . Travel motivations as souvenir purchase indicators . Tourism Management , 27 ( 4 ) : 671 – 683 .
- Swarbrooke , J. and Horner , S. 2007 . Consumer behaviour in tourism , Amsterdam : Butterworth-Heinemann .
- Uriely , N. 2001 . ‘Travelling workers’ and ‘working tourists’: Variations across the interaction between work and tourism . International Journal of Tourism Research , 3 : 1 – 8 .
- Urry , J. 2002 . Mobility and proximity . Sociology , 36 ( 2 ) : 255 – 274 .
- Urry , J. 2007 . Mobilities , Cambridge : Polity Press .
- Walling , S. M. , Eriksson , C. B. , Meese , K. J. , Ciovica , A. , Gorton , D. and Foy , D. W. 2006 . Cultural identity and reentry in short-term student missionaries . Journal of Psychology & Theology , 34 ( 2 ) : 153 – 164 .
- Wearing , S. 2001 . Volunteer tourism: Experiences that make a difference , Oxon : CABI Publishing .
- Wearing , S. and Wearing , B. 2001 . Conceptualizing the selves of tourism . Leisure Studies , 20 : 143 – 159 .
- White , N. R. and White , P. B. 2004 . Travel as transition: Identity and place . Annals of Tourism Research , 31 ( 1 ) : 200 – 218 .
- White , N. R. and White , P. B. 2007 . Home and away: Tourists in a connected world . Annals of Tourism Research , 34 ( 1 ) : 88 – 104 .
- Williams , A. M. and Hall , C. M. 2000 . Tourism and migration: New relationships between production and consumption . Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment , 2 ( 1 ) : 5 – 27 .
- Williams , A. M. and Hall , C. M. 2002 . “ Tourism, migration, circulation and mobility: The contingencies of time and place ” . In Tourism and migration , Edited by: Hall , C. M. and Williams , A. M. 1 – 52 . Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
- Williams , D. R. and McIntyre , N. Paper presented at the In Trends 2000: Shaping the Future . Lansing, MI. Where heart and home reside: Changing constructions of place and identity , Michigan State University, Department of Park, Recreation & Tourism Resources .
- Wilson , J. , Fisher , D. and Moore , K. 2009a . The OE goes ‘home’: Cultural aspects of a working holiday experience . Tourist Studies , 9 ( 1 ) : 3 – 21 .
- Wilson , J. , Fisher , D. and Moore , K. 2009b . Reverse diaspora and the evolution of a cultural tradition: The case of the New Zealand ‘overseas experience’ . Mobilities , 4 ( 1 ) : 159 – 175 .
- Zahra , A. and McIntosh , A. 2007 . Volunteer tourism: Evidence of cathartic tourist experiences . Tourism Recreation Research , 32 ( 1 ) : 115 – 119 .