Advancing tourism recovery through virtual tourism marketing: an integrated approach of uses and gratifications theory and attachment to VR

References

• Armstrong, J. S., & Overton, T. S. (1977). Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. Journal of Marketing Research, 14(3), 396–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377701400320
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atzeni, M., Del Chiappa, G., & Mei Pung, J. (2022). Enhancing visit intention in heritage tourism: The role of object-based and existential authenticity in non-immersive virtual reality heritage experiences. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(2), 240–255. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2497
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, C., Huang, K., & Francis, J. (2021). Virtual reality adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic: A uses and gratifications perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 65, 101728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter, D. E., & Pelletier, L. G. (2019). Is nature relatedness a basic human psychological need? A critical examination of the extant literature. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 60(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, J., Rainoldi, M., & Egger, R. (2019). Virtual reality in tourism: A state-of-the-art review. Tourism Review, 74(3), 586–612. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2017-0049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beery, T. H., & Wolf-Watz, D. (2014). Nature to place: Rethinking the environmental connectedness perspective. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 198–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhao, W. (2022). Shared virtual reality experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the gratifications and effects of engagement with immersive videos. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5056. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research, 295(2), 295–336.
   Google Scholar
• Chiu, C., Fang, Y., & Wang, E. T. (2015). Building community citizenship behaviors: The relative role of attachment and satisfaction. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 16(11), 947–979. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00413
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis, McGuire, Sven, & Wendell. (1987). On the mode of mass communication. Shanghai Translation Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• El-Said, O., & Aziz, H. (2022). Virtual tours a means to an end: An analysis of virtual tours’ role in tourism recovery post COVID-19. Journal of Travel Research, 61(3), 528–548. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287521997567
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filep, S., & Matteucci, X. (2020). Love in tourist motivation and satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 44(6), 1026–1034. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020927072
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flavián, C., Ibáñez-Sánchez, S., & Orús, C. (2021). Impacts of technological embodiment through virtual reality on potential guests’ emotions and engagement. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 30(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2020.1770146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gegung, E. M. (2021). International tourism and the Covid-19 pandemic: The use of virtual reality to increase tourism destination sustainability and how users perceive the authenticity of VR experiences [J]. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 15(1), 9–15. http://doi.org/10.47608/jki.v15i12021.9-15
   Google Scholar
• Geng, L., Li, Y., & Xue, Y. (2022). Will the interest triggered by virtual reality (VR) turn into intention to travel (VR vs. Corporeal)? The moderating effects of customer segmentation. Sustainability, 14(12), 7010. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goel, L., Johnson, N. A., Junglas, I., & Ives, B. (2011). From space to place: Predicting users’ intentions to return to virtual worlds. Mis Quartely, 35(3), 749–772. https://doi.org/10.2307/23042807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goo, J., Huang, C. D., Yoo, C. W., & Koo, C. (2022). Smart tourism technologies’ ambidexterity: Balancing tourist’s worries and novelty seeking for travel satisfaction. Information Systems Frontiers, 24(6), 2139–2158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-021-10233-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ha, Y. W., Kim, J., Libaque-Saenz, C. F., Chang, Y., & Park, M. (2015). Use and gratifications of mobile SNSs: Facebook and KakaoTalk in Korea. Telematics and Informatics, 32(3), 425–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hidalgo, M. C., & Hernandez, B. (2001). Place attachment: Conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, K. K., & See-To, E. W. (2018). The impact of the uses and gratifications of tourist attraction fan page. Internet Research, 28(3), 587–603. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-04-2017-0175
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosany, S., Prayag, G., Van Der Veen, R., Huang, S., & Deesilatham, S. (2017). Mediating effects of place attachment and satisfaction on the relationship between tourists’ emotions and intention to recommend. Journal of Travel Research, 56(8), 1079–1093. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516678088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y., Backman, S. J., Backman, K. F., & Moore, D. (2013). Exploring user acceptance of 3D virtual worlds in travel and tourism marketing. Tourism Management, 36, 490–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibáñez Sánchez, S., Orus, C., & Flavian, C. (2022a). Augmented reality filters on social media. Analyzing the drivers of playability based on uses and gratifications theory. Psychology & Marketing, 39(3), 559–578. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioannides, D., & Gyimóthy, S. (2020). The COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity for escaping the unsustainable global tourism path. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 624–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1763445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., & Yan, B. (2018). Natural soundscapes and tourist loyalty to nature-based tourism destinations: The mediating effect of tourist satisfaction. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(2), 218–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1351415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamboj, S., & Gupta, S. (2020). Use of smart phone apps in co-creative hotel service innovation: An evidence from India. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(3), 323–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1513459
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.1086/268109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., Chung, N., Lee, C., & Preis, M. W. (2016a). Dual-route of persuasive communications in mobile tourism shopping. Telematics and Informatics, 33(2), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.08.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., Lee, C., & Jung, T. (2020a). Exploring consumer behavior in virtual reality tourism using an extended stimulus-organism-response model. Journal of Travel Research, 59(1), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287518818915
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., Lee, C., & Preis, M. W. (2016b). Seniors’ loyalty to social network sites: Effects of social capital and attachment. Internationl Journal of Information Management, 36(6), 1020–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.04.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., Lee, C., & Preis, M. W. (2020b). The impact of innovation and gratification on authentic experience, subjective well-being, and behavioral intention in tourism virtual reality: The moderating role of technology readiness. Telematics and Informatics, 49, 101349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101349
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., & Lee, H. (2022). Falling in love with virtual reality art: A new perspective on 3D immersive virtual reality for future sustaining art consumption. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 38(4), 371–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1944534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalicic, L., & Weismayer, C. (2018). Being passionate about the mobile while travelling. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(8), 950–963. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1141179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, W., & Kim, Y. H. (2021). Does VR tourism enhance users’ experience? Sustainability, 13(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung, W. K., Cheung, M. L., Chang, M. K., Shi, S., Tse, S. Y., & Yusrini, L. (2022). The role of virtual reality interactivity in building tourists’ memorable experiences and post-adoption intentions in the COVID-19 era. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 13(3), 481–499. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-03-2021-0088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., Song, H., & Guo, R. (2021). A study on the causal process of virtual reality tourism and its attributes in terms of their effects on subjective well-being during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, J., Xiao, X., Xu, Z., Wang, C., Zhang, M., & Zhou, Y. (2022a). The potential of virtual tourism in the recovery of tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(3), 441–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1959526
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunardo, R., & Ponsignon, F. (2020). Achieving immersion in the tourism experience: The role of autonomy, temporal dissociation, and reactance. Journal of Travel Research, 59(7), 1151–1167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manchanda, M., & Deb, M. (2021). Effects of multisensory virtual reality on virtual and physical tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(11), 1748–1766. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1978953
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milman, A., Tasci, A. D. A., & Wei, W. (2020). Crowded and popular: The two sides of the coin affecting theme-park experience, satisfaction, and loyalty. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 18, 100468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100468
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nam, K., Dutt, C. S., & Baker, J. (2022). Authenticity in objects and activities: Determinants of satisfaction with virtual reality experiences of heritage and Non-heritage tourism sites. Information System Frontiers, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10286-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oleksy, T., & Wnuk, A. (2017). Catch them all and increase your place attachment! The role of location-based augmented reality games in changing people-place relations. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(4_suppl1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634s105
   Google Scholar
• Palos-Sanchez, P., Saura, J. R., Velicia-Martin, F., & Cepeda-Carrion, G. (2021). A business model adoption based on tourism innovation: Applying a gratification theory to mobile applications. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 27(2), 100149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2021.100149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantelidis, C., Tom Diek, M. C., Jung, T., & Miller, A. (2018). Exploring tourist experiences of virtual reality in a rural destination: A place attachment theory perspective. e-Review of Tourism Research. Available at: https://ertr-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/ertr/article/view/116 (Accessed: 15 June 2023).
   Google Scholar
• Papadopoulou, N. M., Ribeiro, M. A., & Prayag, G. (2022). Psychological determinants of tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: The influence of perceived overcrowding and overtourism. Journal of Travel Research, 62(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221089049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramkissoon, H. (2015). Authenticity, satisfaction, and place attachment: A conceptual framework for cultural tourism in African island economies. Development Southern Africa, 32(3), 292–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1010711
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauschnabel, P. A. (2018). Virtually enhancing the real world with holograms: An exploration of expected gratifications of using augmented reality smart glasses. Psychology & Marketing, 35(8), 557–572. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass Communication and Society, 3(1), 3–37. http://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_02
   Google Scholar
• Schultz, P. W., Shriver, C., Tabanico, J. J., & Khazian, A. M. (2004). Implicit connections with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(03)00022-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra, A., & Leong, C. (2020) Here’s what travelling could be like after COVID-19. Paper presented at the World Economic Forum, Global Agenda. https://www. weforum. org/agenda/2020/05/this-is-what-travelling-will-belike-after-COVID-19/accessed Jul 20, 2022
   Google Scholar
• Smock, A. D., Ellison, N. B., Lampe, C., & Wohn, D. Y. (2011). Facebook as a toolkit: A uses and gratification approach to unbundling feature use. Computers inHuman Behavior, 27(6), 2322–2329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strzelecka, M., Prince, S., & Boley, B. B. (2021). Resident connection to nature and attitudes towards tourism: Findings from three different rural nature tourism destinations in Poland. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1995399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhartanto, D., Dean, D., Chen, T. B., & Kusdibyo, L. (2020). Tourist experience with agritourism attractions: What leads to loyalty? Tourism Recreation Research, 45(3), 364–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1736251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taherdoost, H. (2018). A review of technology acceptance and adoption models and theories[J]. Procedia Manufacturing, 22, 960–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.137
   Google Scholar
• Talwar, S., Kaur, P., Nunkoo, R., & Dhir, A. (2022). Digitalization and sustainability: Virtual reality tourism in a post pandemic world. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2029870
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trunfio, M., Lucia, M. D., Campana, S., & Magnelli, A. (2022). Innovating the cultural heritage museum service model through virtual reality and augmented reality: The effects on the overall visitor experience and satisfaction. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 17(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2020.1850742
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, S. (2020). Augmented reality enhancing place satisfaction for heritage tourism marketing. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(9), 1078–1083. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1598950
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tussyadiah, I. P., Wang, D., Jung, T. H., & Tom Dieck, M. C. (2018). Virtual reality, presence, and attitude change: Empirical evidence from tourism. Tourism Management, 66, 140–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization). (2021). Tourism grows 4% in 2021 but remains far below pre-pandemic levels. https://www.unwto.org/news/tourismgrows-4-in-2021-but-remains-far-below-pre-pandemic-levels (accessed May 22, 2022).
   Google Scholar
• Vesci, M., Conti, E., Rossato, C., & Castellani, P. (2020). The mediating role of visitor satisfaction in the relationship between museum experience and word of mouth: Evidence from Italy. The TQM Journal, 33(1), 141–162. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-02-2020-0022
   Google Scholar
• Wang, C., Teo, T. S., Dwivedi, Y., & Janssen, M. (2021). Mobile services use and citizen satisfaction in government: Integrating social benefits and uses and gratifications theory. Information Technology & People, 34(4), 1313–1337. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-02-2020-0097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, H., Ai, C., & Cheng, C. (2020). Virtual reality experiences, attachment and experiential outcomes in tourism. Tourism Review, 75(3), 481–495. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2019-0205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, C., Yan, S., Wang, J., & Xue, Y. (2022). Flow experiences and virtual tourism: The role of technological acceptance and technological readiness. Sustainability, 14(9), 5361. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, D., Cho, D., Liu, F., Xu, Y., Jia, Z., & Chen, J. (2022). Investigating the impact of virtual tourism on travel intention during the post-COVID-19 era: Evidence from China[J]. Universal Access in the Information Society, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-022-00952-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung, R., Khoo-Lattimore, C., & Potter, L. E. (2021). Virtual reality and tourism marketing: Conceptualizing a framework on presence, emotion, and intention. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(11), 1505–1525. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1820454
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, S., Li, Y., Ruan, W., & Liu, C. (2022). Would you enjoy virtual travel? The characteristics and causes of virtual tourists’ sentiment under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tourism Management, 88, 104429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar