Homeostasis: apoptosis and cell cycle in normal and pathological prostate

References

• McNeal JE. Normal histology of the prostate. Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12:619–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreenivasulu K, Nandeesha H, Dorairajan LN, et al. Gene expression of insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor increases and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 reduces with increase in prostate size in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Aging Male. 2017;21:138–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang P, Su XJ, Hu WL, et al. Letter to the Editor involving in the article “Gene expression of insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor increases and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 reduces with increase in prostate size in benign prostatic hyperplasia”. Aging Male. 2018;1. DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1428950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besiroglu H, Ozbek E. Letter to the Editor regarding the article “Association of elevated interleukin-17 and angiopoietin-2 with prostate size in benign prostatic hyperplasia”. Aging Male. 2018;21:83–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian X, Yu G, Qian Y, et al. Efficacy of 5α-reductase inhibitors for patients with large benign prostatic hyperplasia (>80 mL) after transurethral resection of the prostate. Aging Male. 2015;18:238–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian X, Xu D, Liu H, et al. Genetic variants in 5p13.2 and 7q21.1 are associated with treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia with the α-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Aging Male. 2017;20:250–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuñez C, Cansino JR, Bethencourt F, et al. TNF/IL-1/NIK/NF-kappa B transduction pathway: a comparative study in normal and pathological human prostate (benign hyperplasia and carcinoma). Histopathology. 2008;53:166–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo GI, Calogero AE, Condorelli RA, et al. Human papillomavirus and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Male. 2018 [cited 2018 Mar 23]. DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1455178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comhaire F, Mahmoud A. Preventing diseases of the prostate in the elderly using hormones and nutriceuticals. Aging Male. 2004;7:155–169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pascual-Geler M, Urquiza-Salvat N, Cozar JM, et al. The influence of nutritional factors on prostate cancer incidence and aggressiveness. Aging Male. 2018;21:31–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urquiza-Salvat N, Pascual-Geler M, Lopez-Guarnido O, et al. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of prostate cancer. Aging Male. 2018 [cited 2018 Mar 15]. DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1450854
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plati J, Bucur O, Khosravi FR. Apoptotic cell signaling in cancer progression and therapy. Integr Biol. 2011;3:279–296.
   Google Scholar
• Parsons MJ, Green DR. Mitochondria in cell death. Essays Biochem. 2010;47:99–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai Y, Grant S. Targeting multiple arms of the apoptotic regulatory machinery. Cancer Res. 2007;67:2908–2911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radha G, Raghavan SC. BCL2: a promising cancer therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2017;1868:309–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davids MS, Letai A. Targeting the B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 family in cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2012;30:3127–3135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strasser A, Cory S, Adams JM. Deciphering the rules of programmed cell death to improve therapy of cancer and other diseases. Embo J. 2011;30:3667–3683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto T, Sicinski P. Cell cycle proteins as promising targets in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17:93–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Tuñón I, Ricote M, Ruiz A, et al. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptors in human benign breast lesions and tumors (in situ and infiltrative). Cancer Sci. 2006;97:1044–1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas T, Dutta A. p21 in cancer: intricate networks and multiple activities. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009;9:400–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royuela M, de Miguel MP, Ruiz A, et al. Interferon-gamma and its functional receptors overexpression in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma: parallelism with c-myc and p53 expression. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2000a;11:119–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royuela M, de Miguel MP, Bethencourt FR, et al. Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the normal, hyperplastic and carcinomatous human prostate. J Endocrinol. 2000b;168:447–454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruijtenberg S, van den Heuvel S. Coordinating cell proliferation and differentiation: Antagonism between cell cycle regulators and cell type-specific gene expression. Cell Cycle. 2016;15:196–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sher CJ, McCormick F. The RB and p53 pathways in cancer. Cancer Cell. 2002;2:103–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levesque AA, Eastman A. p53-based cancer therapies: is defective p53 the Achilles heel of the tumor? Carcinogenesis. 2007;28:13–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartel AL. Is p21 an oncogene? Mol Cancer Ther. 2006;5:1385–1386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Fisher JC, Mathew R, et al. Intrinsic disorder mediates the diverse regulatory functions of the Cdk inhibitor p21. Nat Chem Biol. 2011;7:214–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertoli C, Skotheim JM, de Bruin RA. Control of cell cycle transcription during G1 and S phases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2013;14:518–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain AK, Raina K, Agarwal R. Deletion of p21/Cdkn1a confers protective effect against prostate tumorigenesis in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model. Cell Cycle. 2013;12:1598–1604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheville JC, Lloyd RV, Sebo TJ, et al. Expression of p27kip1 in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol. 1998;11:324–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slingerland J, Pagano M. Regulation of the cdk inhibitor p27 and its deregulation in cancer. J Cell Physiol. 2000;183:10–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett-Engele CM, Tasch MA, Hwang HC, et al. A mechanism misregulating p27 in tumors discovered in a functional genomic screen. PLoS Genet. 2007;3:e219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricote M, García-Tuñón I, Bethencourt F, et al. The p38 transduction pathway in prostatic neoplasia. J Pathol. 2006;208:401–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrealba N, Fraile B, Olmedilla G, et al. Expression of ERK1 and ERK2 in prostate cancer. MAP Kinase. 2015;4:5265.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng L, Montironi R, Bostwick DG, et al. Staging of prostate cancer. Histopathology. 2012;60:87–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein JI, Egevad L, Amin MB, Grading Committee, et al. The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma: definition of grading patterns and proposal for a new grading system. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014;40:244–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royuela M, De Miguel MP, Bethencourt FR, et al. IL-2, its receptors, and bcl-2 and bax genes in normal, hyperplastic and carcinomatous human prostates: immunohistochemical comparative analysis. Growth Factors. 2000;18:135–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Berriguete G, Torrealba N, Ortega MA, et al. Prognostic value of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and caspases in prostate cancer: caspase-3 forms and XIAP predict biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy. BMC Cancer. 2015;15:809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrealba N, Rodriguez-Berriguete G, Fraile B, et al. PI3K pathway and Bcl-2 family. Clinicopathological features in prostate cancer. Aging Male. 2018 [cited 2018 Jan 9]. DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1424130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efesoy O, Apa D, Tek M, et al. The effect of testosterone treatment on prostate histology and apoptosis in men with late-onset hypogonadism. Aging Male. 2016;19:79–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florou D, Patsis C, Ardavanis A, et al. Effect of doxorubicin, oxaliplatin, and methotrexate administration on the transcriptional activity of BCL-2 family gene members in stomach cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2013;14:587–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams JM, Cory S. The Bcl-2 apoptotic switch in cancer development and therapy. Oncogene. 2007;26:1324–1337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bubendorf L, Sauter G, Moch H, et al. Prognostic significance of Bcl-2 in clinically localized prostate cancer. Am J Pathol. 1996;148:1557–1565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noordzij MA, Bogdanowicz JF, van Krimpen C, et al. The prognostic value of pretreatment expression of androgen receptor and bcl-2 in hormonally treated prostate cancer patients. J Urol. 1997;158:1880–1884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khor LY, Desilvio M, Li R, et al. Bcl-2 and bax expression and prostate cancer outcome in men treated with radiotherapy in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 86-10. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;66:25–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nariculam J, Freeman A, Bott S, et al. Utility of tissue microarrays for profiling prognostic biomarkers in clinically localized prostate cancer: the expression of BCL-2, E-cadherin, Ki-67 and p53 as predictors of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy with nested control for clinical and pathological risk factors. Asian J Androl. 2009;11:109–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Placzek WJ, Wei J, Kitada S, et al. A survey of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 subfamily expression in cancer types provides a platform to predict the efficacy of Bcl-2 antagonists in cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis. 2010;1:e40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walensky LD. From mitochondrial biology to magic bullet: navitoclax disarms BCL-2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.2012;30:554–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi S, Chen Z, Tang LH, et al. Bcl-xL promotes metastasis independent of its anti-apoptotic activity. Nat Comms. 2016;7:10384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karami H, Baradaran B, Esfehani A, et al. Down-regulation of Mcl-1 by small interference RNA induces apoptosis and sensitizes HL-60 leukemia cells to etoposide. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15:629–635.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katkoori VR, Suarez-Cuervo C, Shanmugam C, et al. Bax expression is a candidate prognostic and predictive marker of colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2010;1:76–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yin C, Knudson CM, Korsmeyer SJ, et al. Bax suppresses tumorigenesis and stimulates apoptosis in vivo. Nature. 1997;385:637–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green DR, Reed JC. Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science. 1998;281:1309–1312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sionov RV, Vlahopoulos SA, Granot Z. Regulation of Bim in health and disease. Oncotarget. 2015;6:23058–23134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AJ, Karpova Y, D'Agostino R, Jr Willingham M, et al. Expression of the Bcl-2 protein BAD promotes prostate cancer growth. PLoS One. 2009;4:e6224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchion DC, Cottrill HM, Xiong Y, et al. BAD phosphorylation determines ovarian cancer chemosensitivity and patient survival. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:6356–6366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Bazz YO, Underwood JC, Brown BL, et al. Prognostic significance of Akt, phospho-Akt and BAD expression in primary breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45:694–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JW, Soung YH, Kim SY, et al. Inactivating mutations of proapoptotic bad gene in human colon cancers. Carcinogenesis. 2004;25:1371–1376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galmiche A, Ezzoukhry Z, Francois C, et al. BAD, a proapoptotic member of the BCL2 family, is a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res. 2010;8:1116–1125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diallo JS, Aldejmah A, Mouhim AF, et al. NOXA and PUMA expression add to clinical markers in predicting biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer patients in a survival tree model. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:7044–7052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano K, Vousden KH. PUMA a novel proapoptotic gene, is induced by p53. Molecular Cell. 2001;7:683–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Wang H, Li W, et al. Pazopanib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor, shows potent antitumor activity in colon cancer through PUMA-mediated apoptosis. Oncotarget. 2017;8:3289–3303.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu W, Swetzig WM, Medisetty R, et al. Estrogen-mediated upregulation of Noxa is associated with cell cycle progression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 2011;6:e29466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkmann K, Zigrino P, Witt A, et al. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 potentiates cancer chemosensitivity by stabilizing NOXA. Cell Rep. 2013;3:881–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dengler MA, Weilbacher A, Gutekunst M, et al. Discrepant NOXA (PMAIP1) transcript and NOXA protein levels: a potential Achilles’ heel in mantle cell lymphoma. Cell Death Dis. 2014;5:e1013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu TT, Wang JS, Jiaan BP, et al. Role of p21(WAF1) and p27(KIP1) in predicting biochemical recurrence for organ-confined prostate adenocarcinoma. J Chin Med Assoc. 2007;70:11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tran PT, Hales RK, Zeng J, et al. Tissue biomarkers for prostate cancer radiation therapy. Curr Mol Med. 2012;12:772–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao H, Faltermeier CM, Mendelsohn L, et al. Mislocalization of p27 to the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells confers resistance to anti-HER2 targeted therapy. Oncotarget. 2014;5:12704–12714.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas GV, Schrage MI, Rosenfelt L, et al. Preoperative prostate needle biopsy p27 correlates with subsequent radical prostatectomy p27, Gleason grade and pathological stage. J Urol. 2000;164:1987–1991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denicourt C, Saenz CC, Datnow B, et al. Relocalized p27Kip1 tumor suppressor functions as a cytoplasmic metastatic oncogene in melanoma. Cancer Res. 2007;67:9238–9243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vis AN, van Rhijn BW, Noordzij MA, et al. Value of tissue markers p27(kip1), MIB-1, and CD44s for the pre-operative prediction of tumour features in screen-detected prostate cancer. J Pathol. 2002;197:148–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioachim E. Expression patterns of cyclins D1, E and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21waf1/cip1, p27kip1 in colorectal carcinoma: correlation with other cell cycle regulators (pRb, p53 and Ki-67 and PCNA) and clinicopathological features. Int J Clin Pract. 2008;62:1736–1743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JI, Lee MG, Cho K, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 activates interleukin-6 expression in prostate cancer cells through the synergistic collaboration of the Smad2, p38-NF-kappaB, JNK, and Ras signaling pathways. Oncogene. 2003;22:4314–4332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egger JV, Lane MV, Antonucci LA, et al. Dephosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) inhibits cancer cell EMT via Zeb. Cancer Biol Ther. 2016;17:1197–1205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baseskioglu B, Akdogan B, Baydar DE, et al. Can p53, Ki-67 and bcl-2 predict biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy? Indian J Urol. 2010;26:206–212.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Makarewicz R, Zyromska A, Andrusewicz H. Comparative analysis of biological profiles of benign prostate and prostate cancer as potential diagnostic, prognostic and predictive indicators. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2011;49:452–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlachostergios PJ, Karasavvidou F, Patrikidou A, et al. p53 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression are directly associated with cyclin D1 expression in radical prostatectomy specimens of patients with hormone-naïve prostate cancer. Pathol Oncol Res. 2012;18:245–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Che M, DeSilvio M, Pollack A, RTOG, et al. Prognostic value of abnormal p53 expression in locally advanced prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation and radiotherapy: a study based on RTOG 9202. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;69:1117–1123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauer L, Gitenay D, Vo C, et al. Mutant p53 initiates a feedback loop that involves Egr-1/EGF receptor/ERK in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene. 2010;29:2628–2637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer JJ, Sesterhenn IA, Mostofi FK, et al. (1996). Elevated levels of apoptosis regulator proteins p53 and bcl-2 are independent prognostic biomarkers in surgically treated clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 1996;156:1511–1516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar