Bibliography

  • Akhbar Al-Harb Wal-Alam. “The British Broadcast Records the Arab Army Talks [al-Eza’ah al-britanyiah tosajel ahadeeth al-jayesh al-arabi].” 17, 1944.
  • Akhbar Al-Harb Wal-Alam. “The Arab Army [al-jayesh al-arabi].” 2-3, 1945.
  • Allbeson, Tom, and Pippa Oldfield. “War, Photography, Business: New Critical Histories.” Journal of War & Culture Studies 9, no. 2 (2016): 94–114.
  • Allday, Louis. “An A-Z of Arabic Propaganda: The British Government’s Arabic-Language Output During WWII.” Asian and African Studies Blog. Accessed 4-9-2021, 2016.
  • Allday, Louis. “The Establishment of BBC Arabic & Egyptian ‘Nahwy’.” Asian and African Studies Blog. Accessed 4-9-2021, 2017.
  • Arsenian, Seth. “Wartime Propaganda in the Middle East.” Middle East Journal 2, no. 4 (1948): 417–429.
  • Barthes, R. Image Music Text, S. Heath. New York, NY: Hill and Wan, 1977.
  • Cope, Jay, Andeelynn Fifrick, Marlon Martin, David Nunnally, Donald Preston, Paul Roszkowski, Amy Schiess, and Allison Tedesco. Image Impact in Print Media: A Study of How Pictures Influence News Consumers. Norman, OK: The Department of Defense and Department of Communication at the University of Oklahoma, 2006.
  • Entman, R. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43, no. 4 (1993): 51–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x.
  • Felmy, Hellmuth, and Walter Warlimont. “German Exploitation of Arab Nationalist Movements in World War II.” In All World Wars, edited by Historical Division-Europe-Foreign Military Studies Branch, 1952.
  • Gamson, W. “Construction Social Protest.” In Social Movements and Culture, edited by H. Johnston, and B. Kndermans. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.
  • Goffman, Erivin. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
  • Gorrara, Claire. “What the Liberator Saw: British War Photography, Picture Post and the Normandy Campaign.” Journal of War & Culture Studies 9, no. 4 (2016): 303–318.
  • Griffin, Michael. “Media Images of War.” Media, War & Conflict 3, no. 1 (2010): 7–41.
  • Herf, Jeffrey. Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009b.
  • Herf, Jeffrey. “Nazi Germany’s Propaganda Aimed at Arabs and Muslims During World War II and the Holocaust: Old Themes, New Archival Findings.” Central European History 42 (2009): 709–736.
  • Hirszowicz, Lukasz. The Third Reich and the Arab East. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966.
  • Hurst, L. Letter to Bertram Thomas. edited by Ministry of Information. London: Qatar National Library, 1942.
  • Jenks, John. British Propaganda and News Media in the Cold War. Edinburgh University Press, 2006.
  • Jowett, Garth S., and Victoria O’Donnell. Propaganda and Persuasion. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd, 2006.
  • Kress, G, and T Van Leeuwen. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. New York: Routledge, 1996.
  • Lasswell, Harold. “The Theory of Political Propaganda.” American Political Science Review 21, no. 3 (1927): 627–631.
  • Msaddek, Houcine. “BBC Arabic (1938-1995): Soft Power or Reithian Practice Abroad?” French Journal of British Studies, no. XXVI-I (2021.
  • Ochsenwald, William. “The Transformation of Education in the Hijaz, 1925–1945.” Arabian Humanities 12 (2019.
  • Olmstead, J. Britain in the Islamic World Imperial and Post-Imperial Connections. Edmond, OK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.
  • Onley, James. Britain and the Gulf Shaikhdoms, 1820-1971: The Politics of Protection, CIRS Occasional Papers. Doha, Qatar: Center for International and Regional Studies, 2009.
  • Pratkanis, Anthony, and Elliot Aronson. Age of Propaganda: The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion. New York: Henry Holt and Company LLC, 2001.
  • Quran 9:18. The Nobel Quran. Accessed 32-8-2021.
  • Stephenson, Lindsey. “Between Modern and National Education: The ‘Ajam Schools of Bahrain and Kuwait.” Arabian Humanities 12 (2019.
  • Thomas, Bertram. A Note on Hurst Questionnaire. Doha, Qatar: Qatar National Library, 1942a.
  • Thomas, Bertram. Report on Tour of Middle East Publicity Centers. Doha, Qatar: Qatar National Library, 1942b.
  • Vettel-Becker, Patricia. “Destruction and Delight.” Men and Masculinities 5, no. 1 (2002): 80–102.
  • Winter, Charlie. The Virtual ‘Caliphate’: Understanding Islamic State’s Propaganda Strategy. London, UK: Quilliam, 2015.
  • Winter, Charlie. “Apocalypse, Later: A Longitudinal Study of the Islamic State Brand.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 35, no. 1 (2018): 103–121. doi:10.1080/15295036.2017.1393094.
  • Wollaeger, Mark. Modernism, Media, and Propaganda: British Narrative from 1900 To 1945. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.
  • Zillmann, Dolf, Silvia Knobloch, and Hong-sik Yu. “Effects of Photographs on the Selective Reading of News Reports.” Media Psychology 3 (2001): 301–324.
  • Zuhur, Sherifa. Saudi Arabia. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2012.
  • Zürcher, Erik-Jan. Jihad and Islam in World War I: Studies on the Ottoman Jihad on the Centenary of Snouck Hurgronje’s “Holy War Made in Germany” (debates on Islam and Society). Istanbul, Turkey: Leiden University Press, 2016.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.