Publication Cover
Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 11, 2009 - Issue 2
842
Views
45
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Gender norms in South Africa: implications for HIV and pregnancy prevention among African and Indian women students at a South African tertiary institution

, , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 139-157 | Received 18 Jan 2008, Accepted 01 Oct 2008, Published online: 10 Mar 2009

References

  • Arora , V. and Ricci , L. A. “ Unemploymentand the labor market. ” . In Post‐Apartheid South Africa: The first ten years , Edited by: Nowak , M and Ricci , L. A . Washington, DC : International Monetary Fund . http://imf.org/external/pubs/nft/2006/soafrica/enf/pasoafr/
  • Blanc , A. 2001 . The effect of power in sexual relationships on sexual and reproductive health: An examination of the evidence. . Studies in Family Planning , 32 ( 3 ) : 189 – 213 .
  • Charles Stewart Mott Foundation . 2006 . “ Women in South Africa still seek equality. ” . Mott Mosaic. http:// www.mott.org/publications/Mott%20Mosaic/August%202006%20v5n2/cs%20August%202006.aspx
  • Deutsch , M. 2006 . A framework for thinking about oppression and its change. . Social Justice Research , 19 ( 1 ) : 7 – 41 .
  • Dunkle , K. L. , Jewkes , R. K. , Brown , H. C. , Gray , G. E. , McIntyre , J. A. and Harlow , S. D. 2004 . Gender‐based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa. . Lancet , 363 ( 9419 ) : 1415 – 21 .
  • Durvusala , R. S. and Mylvaganam , G. A. 1994 . Mental health of Asian Indians: Relevant issues and community implications. . Journal of Community Psychology , 22 : 97 – 108 .
  • Eaton , L. , Flisher , A. J. and Aarø , L. E. 2003 . Unsafe sexual behaviour in South African youth. . Social Science and Medicine , 56 ( 1 ) : 149 – 65 .
  • Fine , M. 1988 . Sexuality, schooling, and adolescent females: The missing discourse of desire. . Harvard Educational Review , 58 ( 1 ) : 29 – 53 .
  • Greig , A. , Peacock , D. , Jewkes , R. and Msimang , S. 2008 . Gender and AIDS: Time to act. . AIDS , 22 ( Suppl. 2 ) : S35 – S43 .
  • Harrison , A. , Xaba , N. and Kunene , P. 2001 . Understanding safe sex: Gender narratives of HIV and pregnancy prevention by rural South‐African school‐going youth. . Reproductive Health Matters , 9 : 63 – 71 .
  • Hendriksen , E. S. , Pettifor , A. , Lee , S. J. , Coates , T. J. and Rees , H. V. 2007 . Predictors of condom use among young adults in South Africa: The Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit National Youth Survey. . American Journal of Public Health , 97 ( 7 ) : 1241 – 8 .
  • Higgins , J. A. and Hirsch , J. S. 2007 . The pleasure deficit: Revisiting the ‘sexuality connection’ in reproductive health. . International Family Planning Perspectives , 33 ( 3 ) : 133 – 9 .
  • Hoffman , S. , O'Sullivan , L. , Harrison , A. , Dolezal , C. and Monroe‐Wise , A. 2006 . HIV risk behaviours and the context of sexual coercion in young adults' sexual interactions: Results from a diary study in rural South Africa. . Sexually Transmitted Diseases , 33 ( 1 ) : 52 – 8 .
  • Holtzman , D. and McLeroy , K. R. 2007 . Fiction of fidelity: The moral economy of HIV risk (Editorial). . American Journal of Public Health , 97 ( 6 ) : 971
  • Hunter , M. 2007 . The changing political economy of sex in South Africa: The significance of unemployment and inequalities to the scale of the AIDS pandemic. . Social Science & Medicine , 64 : 689 – 700 .
  • Hunter , M. 2005 . Cultural politics and masculinities: Multiple‐partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu‐Natal. . Culture, Health and Sexuality , 7 ( 4 ) : 389 – 403 .
  • Ingham , R. 2005 . ‘We didn't cover that at school’: Education against pleasure or education for pleasure? . Sex Education , 5 ( 4 ) : 375 – 88 .
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank . 2001 . Engendering development: Though gender equality in rights, resources, and voice , New York : Oxford University Press . A World Bank Policy Research Report
  • International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF)/United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)/Young Positives . 2007 . Change, Choice and Power International Planned Parenthood Association. http://www.ippf.org/en/Resources/Reports‐reviews/Change+Choice+and+Power.htm
  • Jewkes , R. , Levin , J. and Penn‐Kekana , L. 2003 . Gender inequalities, intimate partner violence and HIV prevention practices: Findings of a South African cross‐sectional study. . Social Science and Medicine , 56 ( 1 ) : 125 – 34 .
  • Kaufman , C. , de Wet , T. and Stadler , J. 2001 . “ Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood in South Africa. ” . Population Council Policy Research Division working paper No. 136. Population Council. http://www.popcouncil.org/archives/publications/prd_wp/year.html
  • Kingdon , G. and Knight , J. 2006 . “ Unemployment in South Africa: A microeconomic approach. ” . Centre for Study of African Economies. http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/resprogs/usam/default.html
  • Koen , J. and Durrheim , K. Under review. A naturalistic observational study of informal segregation: Seating patterns in lectures. . Journal of Environment and Behaviour ,
  • Machel , J. Z. 2001 . Unsafe sexual behaviour among schoolgirls in Mozambique: A matter of gender and class. . Reproductive Health Matters , 9 ( 17 ) : 82 – 90 .
  • Mack , N. Woodsong , C. 2005 . Qualitative research methods: A data collector's field guide , Research Triangle Park, NC : Family Health International .
  • MacPhail , C. and Campbell , C. 2001 . ‘I think condoms are good but, aai, I hate those things’: Condom use among adolescents and young people in a Southern African township. . Social Science and Medicine , 52 ( 11 ) : 1613 – 27 .
  • Maharaj , P. and Cleland , J. 2008 . Ethnicity and sexual lifestyles among college students in a high‐risk environment, Durban, South Africa. . AIDS Care , 20 ( 7 ) : 838 – 41 .
  • Mantell , J. E. Balch , E. 2008 . Divergent views of changing gender norms among male and female university students in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa Unpublished manuscript. Male Focus Group Data from NICHD R01‐HD046351, Female condom use among South African college students
  • Mantell , J. E. , Dworkin , S. L. , Exner , T. M. , Hoffman , S. , Smit , J. A. and Susser , I. 2006 . The promises and limitations of female‐initiated methods of HIV/STI protection. . Social Science and Medicine , 63 ( 8 ) : 1998 – 2009 .
  • Martin‐Hilber , A. , Chersich , M. F. , van de Wijgert , J. H. H. M. , Rees , H. and Temmerman , M. 2007 . Vaginal practices, microbicides and HIV: What do we need to know? . Sexually Transmitted Infections , 83 : 505 – 8 .
  • Moser , C. 1999 . “ Violence and poverty in South Africa: Their impact on household relations and social capital. ” . South Africa : Poverty and inequality informal discussion paper series . World Bank. http://www‐wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/11/17/000094946_9911240531003/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf
  • Ndinda , C. , Uzodike , U. O. , Chimbwete , C. , Pool , R. and M. D. P. 2007 . Gender relations in the context of HIV/AIDS in rural South Africa. . AIDS Care , 19 ( 7 ) : 844 – 9 .
  • Nowak , M. 2005 . “ The first ten years after apartheid: An overview of the South African economy. ” . In Post‐apartheid South Africa: The first ten years , Edited by: Nowak , M and Ricci , L. A . Washington, DC : International Monetary Fund .
  • Oriel , J. 2005 . Sexual pleasure as a human right: Harmful or helpful to women in the context of HIV/AIDS? . Women's Studies International Forum , 28 : 392 – 404 .
  • O'Sullivan , L. F. , Harrison , A. , Morrell , R. , Monroe‐Wise and Kubeka , M. 2006 . Gender dynamics in the primary sexual relationships of young rural South African women and men. . Culture, Health & Sexuality , 8 ( 2 ) : 99 – 113 .
  • Parasuraman , A. 1991 . Marketing research , Reading, MA : Addison‐Wesley . 2nd edition
  • Peacock , D. 2004 . “ Mobilizing men for gender equality: Supporting women's health and rights. Remarks offered on the occasion of International Women's Day, March 8, 2004, at the United Nations. ” . New York, NY : EngenderHealth. United Nations . http://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/iwd/2004/DeanPeacock‐stmt.pdf
  • Pettifor , A. , Rees , H. V. , Kleinschmidt , I. , Steffenson , A. E. , MacPhail , C. , Hlongwa‐Madikizela , L. , Vermaak , K. and Padian , N. S. 2005 . Young people's sexual health in South Africa: HIV prevalence and sexual behaviours from a nationally representative household survey. . AIDS , 19 ( 14 ) : 1525 – 34 .
  • Philpott , A. , Knerr , W. and Boydell , V. 2006 . Pleasure and prevention: When good sex is safer sex. . Reproductive Health Matters , 14 ( 28 ) : 23 – 31 .
  • Republic of South Africa, South African Government Information . 1996 . “ Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. ” . South African Government. http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/index.htm
  • Rutter , K. 2006 . “ The bending of gender in the new South Africa: The Unilever Gender Survey. Press release from the University of Cape Town Unilever Institute of Strategic Marketing. ” . University of Cape Town, Unilever Institute of Strategic Marketing. http://www.unileverinstitute.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=38
  • Shefer , T. , Strebel , A. and Foster , D. 2000 . So women have to submit to that …: Discourses of power and violence in student's talk on heterosexual negotiation. . Journal of Psychology , 30 ( 2 ) : 11 – 19 .
  • Shisana , O. , Rehle , T. , Simbayi , L. C. , Parker , W. , Zuma , K. , Bhana , A. , Connolly , C. , Jooste , S. and Pillay , V. 2005 . South African National HIV Prevalence, HIV Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey , Cape Town : HSRC Press .
  • Strebel , A. , Crawford , M. , Shefer , T. , Cloete , A. , Henda , N. , Kaufman , M. , Simbayi , L. , Magome , K. and Kalichman , S. 2006 . Social constructions of gender roles, gender‐based violence and HIV/AIDS in two communities of the Western Cape, South Africa. . Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS , 3 ( 3 ) : 516 – 28 .
  • Unilever Institute for Strategic Marketing, University of Cape Town . 2006 . “ Gender Survey, 2006. ” . University of Cape Town, Unilever Institute of Strategic Marketing. http://www.unileverinstitute.co.za/gender.asp#
  • United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS . 2007 . AIDS epidemic update: December 2007 , Geneva : UNAIDS . UNAIDS/07.27E / JC1322E
  • Walker , L. 2005 . Men behaving differently: South African men since 1994. . Culture, Health and Sexuality , 7 ( 3 ) : 225 – 38 .
  • Walsh , D. and Scully , P. 2006 . Altering politics, contesting gender. . Journal of Southern Africa Studies , 32 ( 1 ) : 1 – 12 .
  • Williams , D. R. , Gonzalez , H. M. , Williams , S. , Mohammed , S. A. , Moomal , H. and Stein , D. J. 2008 . Perceived discrimination, race and health in South Africa. . Social Science and Medicine , 67 : 441 – 52 .
  • World Health Organization . 2005 . WHO multi‐country study on women's health and domestic violence against women: Summary report of initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women's responses , Geneva : World Health Organization .
  • Zegeye , A. 2001 . “ Imposed ethnicity. ” . In Social identities in the new South Africa , Edited by: Zegeye , A . 1 – 25 . Cape Town, , South Africa : Kwela Books .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.