REFERENCES
- Beyrer, C., S. D.Baral, D.Walker, A. L.Wirtz, B.Johns, and F.Sifakis. 2010. “The Expanding Epidemics of HIV Type 1 Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diversity and Consistency.” Epidemiologic Reviews32 (1): 137–151.
- Inglehart, R., and C.Welzel. 2005. Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Itaborahy, L. P.2012. State-Sponsored Homophobia. A World Survey of Laws Criminalizing Same-Sex Sexual Acts Between Consenting Adults, ILGA – The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf.
- Johnson, C. A.2007. Off the Map: How HIV/AIDS Programming is Failing Same-Sex Practicing People in Africa. New York: International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission.
- Lane, T., H. F.Raymond, S.Dladla, J.Rasethe, H.Struthers, W.McFarland, and J.McIntyre. 2011. “High HIV Prevalence Among Men Who have Sex with Men in Soweto, South Africa: Results from the Soweto Men's Study.” AIDS and Behavior15 (3): 626–634.
- Lorway, R.2006. “Dispelling ‘Heterosexual African AIDS’ in Namibia: Same-Sex Sexuality in the Township of Katutura.” Culture, Health & Sexuality8 (5): 435–449.
- Mkhize, N., J.Bennett, V.Reddy, and R.Moletsane. 2010. The Country We Want to Live In: Hate Crimes and Homophobia in the Lives of Black Lesbian South Africans. Cape Town: HSRC Press.
- Morgan, R., and S.Wieringa. 2005. Tommy Boys, Lesbian Men, and Ancestral Wives: Female Same-Sex Practices in Africa. Johannesburg: Jacana Media.
- Murray, S. O., and W.Roscoe. 1998. Boy-Wives and Female Husbands: Studies in African Homosexualities. 1st ed.New York: St. Martin's Press.
- Reddy, V., T.Sandfort, and L.Rispel, eds. 2009. From Social Silence to Social Science: Same-Sex Sexuality, HIV & AIDS and Gender in South Africa. Cape Town: HSRC Press.
- Reid, G.2013. How to Be a Real Gay: Gay Identities in Small-town South Africa. Scottsville, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
- Rispel, L. C., C. A.Metcalf, A.Cloete, V.Reddy, and C.Lombard. 2011. “HIV Prevalence and Risk Practices Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Two South African Cities.” JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes57 (1): 69–76.
- Sanders, E. J., H. S.Okuku, A. D.Smith, M.Mwangome, E.Wahome, G.Fegan, N.Peshu, et al. 2013. “High HIV-1 Incidence, Correlates of HIV-1 Acquisition, and High Viral Loads Following Seroconversion among MSM.” AIDS27 (3): 437–446.
- Sandfort, T. G. M., L. R. M.Baumann, Z.Matebeni, V.Reddy, and I.Southey-Swartz. 2013. “Forced Sexual Experiences as Risk Factor for Self-Reported HIV Infection among Southern African Lesbian and Bisexual Women.” Plos One8 (1): e53552, 10.1371/journal.pone.0053552.
- Thoreson, R., and S.Cook, eds. 2011. Nowhere to Turn: Blackmail and Extortion of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex People in Sub-Saharan Africa. New York: International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission.