Media debates and ‘ethical publicity’ on social sex selection through preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) technology in Australia

References

• ABC Radio National. 2013. “IVF: Sex Selection in Australia – Should it be Legal?” Radio National Life Matters. http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/lifematters/sex-selection-ivf/5119420.
   Google Scholar
• ACOG (American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists) Committee on Ethics. 2007. “ACOG Committee Opinion Number 360, February 2007 Sex Selection.” http://www.acog.org/from_home/publications/ethics/co360.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• ASRM (American Society for Reproductive Medicine). 2001. “Preconception Gender Selection for Nonmedical Reasons.” Fertility and Sterility 75 (5): 861–864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anon. 2010a. “I will go Overseas to have Baby Girl! Battle to Choose Child's Gender.” Herald Sun, July 9.
   Google Scholar
• Anon. 2010b. “Leaders Keep Mum Parties Dodge Calls for Change to Ban on Baby Sex Selection.” Herald Sun, July 10, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Anon. 2010c. “REVEALED: Melbourne Mum's Desperate IVF Mission I WANT A GIRL.” Herald Sun, July 9.
   Google Scholar
• Anon. 2010d. “Watchdog Delays Sex Selection Review.” Herald Sun, July 9.
   Google Scholar
• Anon. 2010e. “What's Best for Babies?” Herald Sun, July 9.
   Google Scholar
• Anon. 2013. “A doc and a Hard Place.” Sunday Herald Sun, May 5.
   Google Scholar
• Argoon, A., and G. McArthur. 2013. “Mum of Three Sons Who Spent $40,000 to have Girl Supports Push to Overturn Sex Selection Ban.” Herald, Sun, December 26.
   Google Scholar
• Ballinger, L. 2011. “Should we be Able to Choose the Sex of Our Unborn Children?” Sunday Herald Sun, Melbourne, July 17.
   Google Scholar
• Berkowitz, J. M., and J. Snyder. 1998. “Racism and Sexism in Medically Assisted Conception.” Bioethics 12 (1): 25–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blyth, E., and A. Farrand. 2005. “Reproductive Tourism – A Price Worth Paying for Reproductive Autonomy?.” Critical Social Policy 25 (1): 91–114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blyth, E., L. Firth, and M. Crawshaw. 2008. “Ethical Objections to Sex Selection for Non-Medical Reasons.” Reproductive Biomedicine Online 16 (1): 41–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, K. 2013. “Parents Reject Push for Baby Gender Choice.” The Advertiser, October 12.
   Google Scholar
• Cannold, L. 2011. “Parents' Preference for Pink or Blue is not Enough – Moral Maze.” The Sun Herald, Sydney, January 16.
   Google Scholar
• Collier, S. J., and A. Ong. 2005. “Global Assemblages, Anthropological Problems.” In Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics and Ethics as Anthropological Problems, edited by A. Ong and S. J. Collier, 3–21. Malden: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Colls, P., L. Silver, G. Olivera, J. Weier, T. Escudero, N. Goodall, G. Tomkin, and S. Munne. 2009. “Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis for Gender Selection in the USA.” Reproductive BioMedicine Online 19 (2): 16–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahl, E. 2004. “The Presumption in Favour of Liberty: A Comment on the HFEA's Public Consultation on Sex Selection.” Reproductive BioMedicine Online 8 (3): 266–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahl, E. 2007. “The 10 Most Common Objections to Sex Selection and Why They are Far from Being Conclusive: A Western Perspective.” Reproductive BioMedicine Online 14 (1): 158–161.
   Google Scholar
• Dahl, E., M. Beutel, B. Brosig, and K. D. Hinsch. 2003. “Preconception Sex Selection for Non-Medical Reasons: A Representative Survey from Germany.” Human Reproduction 18 (10): 2231–2234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, A. 2010. “When Only a Certain Sex Will Do.” The Courier Mail, Brisbane, July 20.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health Victoria. n.d. “Patient Review Panel.” Accessed July 1, 2014. http://www.health.vic.gov.au/prp.
   Google Scholar
• Devine, M. 2011. “Kids are not Accessories.” The Herald Sun, Melbourne, January 20.
   Google Scholar
• FIGO. 2009. Ethical Issues in Obstetrics and Gynecology by the FIGO Committee for the Study of Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health. London: FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics).
   Google Scholar
• Franklin, S., and C. Roberts. 2006. Born and Made: An Ethnography of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Genetics and Public Policy Center. 2010. International Law Search  2010 [cited 21 May 2010]. http://www.dnapolicy.org/policy.international.php?action = showall.
   Google Scholar
• Government of South Australia. 2010. South Australia Assisted Reproductive Treatment Act 1988. Version: 26.11.2010. An Act to regulate assisted reproductive treatment. http://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/ASSISTED%20REPRODUCTIVE%20TREATMENT%20ACT%201988/CURRENT/1988.10.UN.PDF.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Victoria. 2007. Infertility Treatment Act 1995 No. 63 of 1995. Version No. 031. Version incorporating amendments as at 1 July 2007. http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/PubLawToday.nsf/95c43dd4eac71a68ca256dde00056e7b/9c2617ed2c457c14ca2573080029f119!OpenDocument.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Western Australia. 1991. Human Reproductive Technology Act. 1991. http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/wa/consol_act/hrta1991331/.
   Google Scholar
• Hadfield, S. 2011. “Why our Next Child must be a Daughter.” Daily Telegraph, Sydney, January 8.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, J. 2005a. “No Sex Selection Please, We're British.” Journal of Medical Ethics 31 (5): 286–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, J. 2005b. “Sex Selection and Regulated Hatred.” Journal of Medical Ethics 31 (5): 291–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesketh, T., L. Lu, and Z. W. Xing. 2011. “The Consequences of Son Preference and Sex-Selective Abortion in China and other Asian Countries.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 183 (12): 1374–1377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm, S. 2004. “Like a Frog in Boiling Water: The Public, the HFEA and Sex Selection.” Health Care Analysis 12 (1): 27–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HFEA (Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority). 2002. “Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority Code of Practice.”
   Google Scholar
• IFFS (International Federation of Fertility Societies). 2013. IFFS Surveillance 2013, edited by S. J. Ory, P. Devroey, M. Banker, P. Brinsden, J. Buster, M. Fiadjoe, and M. Horton, et al. New Jersey. http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.iffsr-reproduction.org/resource/resmgr/iffs_surveillance_09-19-13.pdf International Federation of Fertility Societies.
   Google Scholar
• Jain, T., S. A. Missmer, R. S. Gupta, and M. D. Hornstein. 2005. “Preimplantation Sex Selection Demand and Preferences in an Infertility Population.” Fertility and Sterility 83 (3): 649–658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jha, P., M. A. Kesler, R. Kumar, F. Ram, U. Ram, L. Aleksandrowicz, D. G. Bassani, S. Chandra, and J. K. Banthia. 2011. “Trends in Selective Abortions of Girls in India: Analysis of Nationally Representative Birth Histories from 1990 to 2005 and Census Data from 1991 to 2011.” The Lancet 377 (9781): 1921–1928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, N. 2005. “Govt Criticized over IVF Sex Selection Ban.” Transcript of Television Program, The 7.30 Report, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, June 2005. http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2005/s1388834.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Kerin, L. 2010. “Boy or Girl? Push for Parents to Choose.” March 13. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-03-13/boy-or-girl-push-for-parents-to-choose/362606.
   Google Scholar
• Kippen, R., A. Evans, and E. Gray. 2011. “Australian Attitudes Toward Sex-Selection Technology.” Fertility and Sterility 95 (5): 1824–1826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knoppers, B., and R. Isasi. 2004. “Regulatory Approaches to Reproductive Genetic Testing.” Human Reproduction 19 (12): 2695–2701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labi, S. 2010. “The Ethics of Choosing a Baby's Gender.” Sunday Herald Sun, Melbourne, Australia. October 10.
   Google Scholar
• Lotz, M. 2008. “Overstating the Biological: Geneticism and Essentialism in Social Cloning and Social Sex Selection.” In The Sorting Society: The Ethics of Genetic Screening and Therapy, edited by L. Skene and J. Thompson, 133–148. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, K. 2013. “Sex Selection Techniques and Regulations in Australia.” Parenting Website Article, Kidspot, Victoria, Australia, November 26. Accessed February 30, 2014. http://parenting.kidspot.com.au/sex-selection-techniques-regulations-australia/#.UwBfvCGwp9B.
   Google Scholar
• McArthur, G. 2010a. “Shift on Pick-A-Sex Babies. IVF Gender Ban May be Reversed.” Mercury, Hobart, March 13.
   Google Scholar
• McArthur, G. 2010b. “Going to a Thai Laboratory to Ensure She has a Girl.” The Advertiser, Adelaide, July 9.
   Google Scholar
• McArthur, G. 2010c. “Choose the Sex of your Baby.” The Advertiser, Adelaide, March 13.
   Google Scholar
• McArthur, G., and A. Dale. 2010. “After three Sons, ‘Desperate’ Mum Resorts to Thai IVF for Girl.” Daily Telegraph, Sydney, July 9.
   Google Scholar
• McArthur, G., and E. Doherty. 2010. “Sex Selection Go-Ahead Tipped for Australia.” Herald Sun, March 13.
   Google Scholar
• Melhuus, M. 2012. Problems of Conception: Issues of Law, Biotechnology, Individuals and Kinship. New York: Berghan Books.
   Google Scholar
• Mercury, H. 2013. “Letters to the Editor.” Hobart Mercury, May 15.
   Google Scholar
• Morrell, S. 2011. “Sex Selection Ban Means Tragic Choice.” Herald Sun, January 10.
   Google Scholar
• Mukherjee, T., E. Flisser, A. B. Copperman, L. Grunfeld, B. Sandler, and J. Barritt. 2012. “Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Gender Selection: You Don't Always Get What You Want.” Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2 (3): 291–297.
   Google Scholar
• NHMRC (National Health and Medical Research Council). 2014. “Assisted Reproductive Technology.” Accessed February 30, 2014. https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/health-ethics/australian-health-ethics-committee-ahec/assisted-reproductive-technology-art/assisted-2014.
   Google Scholar
• NHMRC (National Health and Medical Research Council). 2007. Ethical Guidelines on the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Clinical Practice and Research. Canberra: NHMRC.
   Google Scholar
• Parliament of Victoria. 2008. “Abortion Law Reform Bill.” http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/bill/alrb2008219/.
   Google Scholar
• Pennings, G. 2002. “Reproductive Tourism as Moral Pluralism in Motion.” Journal of Medical Ethics 28 (6): 337–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reproductive Technology Council  Approval for Diagnostic Testing of Embryos. Based on Recommendations from The PGD (Implementation) Technical Advisory Committee March 2008. http://www.rtc.org.au/clinics/docs/PGD_Policy_on_approval_of_diagnostic_procedures_involving_embryos.pdf 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, J. A. 2001. “Preconception Gender Selection.” American Journal of Bioethics 1 (1): 2–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rose, N. 2007. The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine Power and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rubinsztein-Dunlop, S., and L. Kerin. 2010. “Roxon ‘Uncomfortable’ Over Parents Picking Children's Sex.” ABC, March 13. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/03/13/2845037.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Savulescu, J., and E. Dahl. 2000. “Sex Selection and Preimplantation Diagnosis: A Response to the Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine.” Human Reproduction 15 (9): 1879–1880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SBS. 2012. “Genetic Screening for Designer Babies (Part One).” In Insight. Melbourne. October 9 SBS.
   Google Scholar
• Schulman, J. D. 1993. “Ethical Issues in Gender Selection by X/Y Sperm Separation.” Human Reproduction 8: 1541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seavilleklein, V., and S. Sherwin. 2007. “The Myth of the Gendered Chromosome: Sex Selection and the Social Interest.” Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 16 (1): 7–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, A. 2003. “Missing Women-Revisited.” British Medical Journal 327 (7427): 1297–1298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, B. 2004. “Impossible Gifts: Bodies, Buddhism and Bioethics in Contemporary Sri Lanka.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 10 (4): 839–859.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skene, L., and J. Thompson. 2008. The Sorting Society: The Ethics of Genetic Screening and Therapy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sleeboom-Faulkner, M. 2010. “Frameworks of Choice: The Ramifications of Predictive and Genetic Testing in Asia.” In Frameworks of Choice: Predictive and Genetic Testing in Asia, edited by M. Sleeboom-Faulkner, 11–25. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
   Google Scholar
• South Australia. 1988. “Assisted Reproductive Treatment Act 1988.” http://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/Assisted%20Reproductive%20Treatment%20Act%201988.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Soutphommasane, T. 2010. “Folly of Designing Babies to Order.” Weekend Australian, May 29.
   Google Scholar
• Strange, H., and Cesagen (ESRC Centre for Economic and Social Aspects of Genomics). 2010. “Non-Medical Sex Selection: Ethical Issues.” British Medical Journal 94: 7–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian, S. V., and D. J. Corsi. 2011. “Can India Achieve a Balance of Sexes at Birth?” The Lancet 377 (9781): 1893–1894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taussig, K.-S., R. Rapp, and D. Heath. 2005. “Flexible Eugenics: Technologies of the Self in the Age of Genetics.” In Anthropologies of Modernity. Foucault, Governmentality and Life Politics, edited by J. X. Inda, 194–212. Malden: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• The ESHRE Ethics Taskforce, F. Shenfield, G. Pennings, P. Devroey, C. Sureau, B. Tarlatzis, and J. Cohen. 2003. “Taskforce 5: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis.” Human Reproduction 18 (3): 649–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal. 2011. . JS and LS v Patient Review Panel (Health and Privacy) [2011] VCAT 856. edited by Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal. Melbounre.
   Google Scholar
• Victorian Law Reform Commission. 2007. Victorian Law reform Commission- Assisted Reproductive Technology & Adoption: Final Report. Melbourne: Victorian Law Reform Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Wetherell, M. 2001. “Themes in Discourse Research: The Case of Diana.” In Discourse Theory and Practice: A Reader, edited by M. Wetherell, S. Taylor, and S. J. Yates. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Whittaker, A. 2011. “Reproduction Opportunists in the New Global Sex Trade: PGD and Non-Medical Sex Selection.” Reproductive BioMedicine Online 23 (5): 609–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittaker, A. 2012. “The New Global Sex Trade.” In Technologies of Sexuality, Identity and Sexual Health, edited by Manderson L., 145–163. Routledge: London.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, S. 2008. “Sexism, Sex Selection and ‘Family Balancing’.” Medical Law Review 16 (3): 369–389.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilkinson, S. 2010. Choosing Tomorrow's Children: The Ethics of Selective Reproduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, R. 2011. “Shopping for Pink Isn't the Right Thing.” Herald Sun, January 10.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2011. Preventing Gender-Biased Sex Selection: An Interagency Statement OHCHR, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women and WHO. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, W. X., L. Lu, and T. Hesketh. 2009. “China's Excess Males, Sex Selective Abortion, and One Child Policy: Analysis of Data from National Intercensus Survey.” British Medical Journal 338 (b1211): 1–6.
   Google Scholar