Yauk gyar mann yin (Be a man!): masculinity and betel quid chewing among men in Mandalay, Myanmar

References

• Addis, M. E., and J. R. Mahalik. 2003. “Men, Masculinity and the Contexts of Help Seeking.” American Journal of Psychiatry 58 (1): 5–14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.1.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L., M. Teti, S. H. Massie, A. Patel, J. D. Malebranche, and M. J. Tschann. 2011. “‘What Does It Take to Be a Man? What is a Real Man?’: Ideologies and Masculinity of HIV Sexual Risk among Black Heterosexual Men.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 13 (5): 545–559. doi:10.1080/13691058.2011.556201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, J. 1999. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. 2005. Masculinities. 2nd ed. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W., and W. J. Messerschmidt. 2005. “Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept.” Gender & Society 19 (6): 829–859. doi:10.1177/0891243205278639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtenay, W. H. 2000. “Constructions of Masculinity and Their Influence on Men’s Well-being: A Theory of Gender and Health.” Social Science & Medicine 50: 1385–1401. http://www.postpartummen.com/pdfs/SS&M.PDF
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtenay, W. H. 2003. “Key Determinants of the Health and the Well-being of Men and Boys.” International Journal of Men’s Health 2 (1): 1–30. http://www.postpartummen.com/pdfs/KEY-DTR.pdf10.3149/jmh.0201.1
   Google Scholar
• Dageid, W., K. Govender, and S. F. Gordon. 2012. “Masculinity and HIV Disclosure among Heterosexual South African Men: Implications for HIV/AIDS Interventions.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 14 (8): 925–940. doi:10.1080/13691058.2012.710337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gacoin, A. 2010. “Sexuality, Gendered Identitites and Exclusion: The Deployment of Proper (Hetero)Sexuality within an HIV-Prevention Text from South Africa.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 12 (4): 429–444. doi:10.1080/13691051003602596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough, B. 2007. “‘Real Men Don’t Diet’: An Aalysis of Contemporary Newspaper Representations of Men, Food and Health.” Social Science & Medicine 64: 326–337. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.09.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines, R. J., L. J. Johnson, L. C. Carter, and K. Arora. 2009. “‘I Couldn’t Say, I’m Not a Girl’ - Adolescents Talk about Gender and Marijuana Use.” Social Science & Medicine 68: 2029–2036. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardon, A., I. N. Idrus, and D. T. Hymans. 2013. “Chemical Sexualities: The Use of Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products by Youth in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.” Reproductive Health Matters 21 (41): 214–224. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(13)41709-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, J., C. Ramazanoglu, S. Sharpe, and R. Thomson. 2003. “When Bodies Come Together: Power, Control and Desire.” In Sexualities and Society: A Reader, edited by J. Weeks, J. Holland and M. Waites, 84–94. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Kimmel, M., and M. Messner. 1998. Men’s Lives. Toronto: Allyn and Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Kuo, T. M., S. Y. Luo, S. L. Chiang, C. P. Lee, Y. F. Liu, J. G. Chang, M. H. Tsai. 2014. “Arecoline Induces TNF-Alpha Production and Zonula Occludens-1 Redistribution in Mouse Sertoli TM4 Cells.” Journal of Biomedical Science 21 (93): 1–10. doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0093-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyaing, N. N., M. A. Perucic, K. Rahman, S. S. Wynn, K. K. Naing, K. Zeya, K. Khaing, N.N. Latt, and M.M.T. Hteik. 2005. “Study on Poverty Alleviation and Tobacco Control in Myanmar.” Economics of Tobacco Control Paper 31. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/HEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPULATION/Resources/281627-1095698140167/MyanmarTobaccoFinalSm.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kyaing, N. N., T. Sein, A. A. Sein, M. M. Than Htike, A. Tun, and N. N. N. Shein. 2012. “Smokless Tobacco Use in Myanmar.” Indian Journal of Cancer October-December 49 (4): 345–351. doi:10.4103/0019-509X.107727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linn, H., J. Chompikul, J. Sillabutra, and S. Wongsawass. 2013. “Factors Associated with Tobacco Use among Male Adolescents in Magway Township, Myanmar.” Journal of Public Health and Development 11 (1): 19–32. http://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/AIH-MU/article/download/7567/6545
   Google Scholar
• Macia, M., P. Maharaj, and A. Gresh. 2011. “Masculinity and Male Sexual Behaviour in Mozambique.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 13 (10): 1181–1192. doi:10.1080/13691058.2011.611537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon, C. A. 1982. “Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: An Agenda for Theory.” Journal of Women and Culture and Society 7 (3): 515–544.10.1086/signs.1982.7.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maclean, A., H. Sweeting, and K. Hunt. 2010. “‘Rules’ for Boys, ‘Guidelines’ for Girls: Gender Differences in Symptom Reporting during Childhood and Adolescence.” Social Science & Medicine 70: 597–604. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoH (Ministry of Health, Myanmar). 2009. Brief Profile on Tobacco Control in Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Myanmar. Nay Pyi Taw: Ministry of Health, Myanmar. http://www.searo.who.int/entity/tobacco/documents/2009-pub2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Moore, M. A., P. Attasara, T. Khuhaprema, T. L. Ngoan, H. T. N. Nga, P. P. Raingsey, S. Sriplung, P. Srivanatanakul, B.D. Tung, S. Wiangnon, and T. Sobue. 2008. “Cancer Epidemiology in Mainland South-East Asia - past, Present and Future.” Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 9 (10): 67–80. http://www.apocpcontrol.org/paper_file/issue_abs/Volume11_NoSupplement%202/g%20SE%20Main%2067-80.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Laboy, M., A. Perry, I. Bobet, S. Bobet, H. Ramos, F. Quiñones, and K. Lloyd. 2012. “The “Knucklehead” Approach and What Matters in Terms of Health for Formerly Incarcerated Latino Men.” Social Science & Medicine 74: 1765–1773. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemeth, J. M., T. S. Liu, G. E. Klein, K. A. Ferketich, M.-P. Kwan, and E. W. Wewers. 2012. “Factors Influencing Smokeless Tobacco Use in Rural Ohio Appalachia.” Journal of Community Health 37 (6): 1208–1217. doi:10.1007/s10900-012-9556-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichter, M., M. Nichter, R. E. Lloyd-Richardson, B. Flaherty, A. Carkoglu, and N. Taylor. 2006. “Gendered Dimensions of Smoking among College Students.” Journal of Adolescent Research 21 (3): 215–243. doi:10.1177/0743558406287400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odimegwu, C., S. Pallikadavath, and S. Adedini. 2013. “The Cost of Being a Man: Social and Health Consequences of Igbo Masculinity.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 15 (2): 219–234. doi:10.1080/13691058.2012.747700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oo, H. N., Y. Y. Myint, N. C. Maung, S. P. Oo, J. Cheng, S. Maruyama, M. Yamazaki. 2011. “Oral Cancer in Myanmar: A Preliminary Survey Based on Hospital-based Cancer Registries.” Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 40 (1): 20–26. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00938.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichart, P. A., and T. H. Way. 2006. “Oral Cancer and Pre-cancer in Myanmar: A Short Review.” Journal of Oral Pathology Medicine 35: 193–196.10.1111/jop.2006.35.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, S. 2003. “’If I Let a Goal in, I’ll Get Beat Up’: Contradictions in Masculinity, Sport and Health.” Health Education Research 18 (6): 706–716. doi:10.1093/her/cyf054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong, R. 1989. Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction. Boulder: Westview.
   Google Scholar
• de Visser, R. O. D., and J. A. Smith. 2007. “Alcohol Consumption and Masculine Identity among Young Men.” Psychology and Health 22 (5): 595–614. doi:10.1080/14768320600941772
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner, J., R. T. Weber, and R. Albanes. 1999. “‘Girls Are Retarded When They’re Stoned:’ Marijuana and the Construction of Gender Roles among Adolescent Females.” Sex Roles 40 (1/2): 25–43. doi:10.1023/A:1018874216109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO/IARC (World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2004. “Betel-quid and Areca-nut Chewing and Some Areca-nut-derived Nitrosamines” IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 85: 1–349. Geneva: World Health Organisation. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol85/mono85.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Williams, S., A. Malik, S. Chowdhury, and S. Chauhan. 2002. “Sociocultural Aspects of Areca Nut Use.” Addiction Biology 7: 147–154. doi:10.1080/135562101200100147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, M. S., C. H. Lee, S. J. Chang, T. C. Chung, E. M. Tsai, M. J. Allen, and Y. C. Ko. 2008. “The Effect of Maternal Betel Quid Exposure during Pregnancy on Adverse Birth Outcomes among Aborigines in Taiwan.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 95 (1-2): 134–139. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, K., and P. White. 2000. “Researching Sports Injury: Reconstructing Dangerous Masculinities.” In Masculinities, Gender Relations, and Sport, edited by J. McKay, M. Messner and D. Sabo, 108–126. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.10.4135/9781452233963
   Google Scholar