Intersectional identities and dilemmas in interactions with healthcare professionals: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of British Muslim gay men

References

• Abraham, I. 2009. “‘out to Get Us’: Queer Muslims and the Clash of Sexual Civilisations in Australia.” Contemporary Islam 3 (1): 79–97.
   Google Scholar
• Adam, B. D., T. A. Hart, J. Mohr, T. Coleman, and J. Vernon. 2017. “HIV-Related Syndemic Pathways and Risk Subjectivities among Gay and Bisexual Men: A Qualitative Investigation.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 19 (11): 1254–1267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, E. L. 2013. “Sexual Orientation Disclosure to Health Care Providers among Urban and Non-Urban Southern Lesbians.” Women & Health 53 (1): 41–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, J. P. 2017. “Intersectional Harassment and Deviant Embodiment among Autistic Adults: (Dis)Ability, Gender, Sexuality.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 19 (11): 1210–1224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breakwell, G. M. 2001. “Social Representational Constraints upon Identity Processes.” In Representions of the Social: Bridging Theoretical Traditions, edited by K. Philogene G. Deaux, 271–284. Oxford: Blackwell
   Google Scholar
• Calle, E. E., C. Rodriguez, K. Walker-Thurmond, and M. J. Thun. 2003. “Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality from Cancer in a Prospectively Studied Cohort of U.S. Adults.” New England Journal of Medicine 348 (17): 1625–1638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cant, B., and A. Taket. 2006. “Lesbian and Gay Experiences of Primary Care in One Borough in North London, UK.” Diversity in Health & Social Care 3 (4): 271–279.
   Google Scholar
• Cho, S., K. W. Crenshaw, and L. McCall. 2013. “Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 38 (4): 785–810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, V., S. J. Ellis, E. Peel, and D. W. Riggs. 2010. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Queer Psychology: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511810121
   Google Scholar
• Clift, J. B., and J. Kirby. 2012. “Health Care Access and Perceptions of Provider Care among Individuals in Same-Sex Couples: Findings from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).” Journal of Homosexuality 59 (6): 839–850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, E. R. 2009. “Intersectionality and Research in Psychology.” American Psychologist 64 (3): 170–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, P. H. 2002. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Conron, K. J., M. J. Mimiaga, and S. J. Landers. 2010. “A Population-Based Study of Sexual Orientation Identity and Gender Differences in Adult Health.” American Journal of Public Health 100 (10): 1953–1960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 140: 139–167.
   Google Scholar
• Cviklová, L. 2012. “Advancement of Human Rights Standards for LGBT People through the Perspective of International Human Rights Law.” Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology 3 (2): 45–60.
   Google Scholar
• Dialmy, A. 2010. “Sexuality and Islam.” The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 15 (3): 160–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, M. N., D. E. Kanouse, Q. Burkhart, G. A. Abel, G. Lyratzopoulos, M. K. Beckett, M. A. Schuster, and M. Roland. 2015. “Sexual Minorities in England Have Poorer Health and Worse Health Care Experiences: A National Survey.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 30 (1): 9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., H. -J. Kim, S. E. Barkan, A. Muraco, and C. P. Hoy-Ellis. 2013. “Health Disparities among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Older Adults: Results from a Population-Based Study.” American Journal of Public Health 103 (10): 1802–1809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghabrial, M. A. 2017. “'Trying to Figure out Where We Belong’: Narratives of Racialized Sexual Minorities on Community, Identity, Discrimination, and Health.” Sexuality Research and Social Policy 14 (1): 42–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagger-Johnson, G., R. Taibjee, J. Semlyen, I. Fitchie, J. Fish, C. Meads, and J. Varney. 2013. “Sexual Orientation Identity in Relation to Smoking History and Alcohol Use at Age 18/19: Cross-Sectional Associations from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE).” BMJ Open 3 (8): e002810. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartsock, N. C. M. 1983. “The Feminist Standpoint: Developing the Ground for a Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism.” In Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, and Philosophy of Science, edited by S. Harding and M. B. Hintikka, 283–310. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Reidel.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain, S., and T. Choudhury. 2007. Muslims in the EU. Cities Report (United Kingdom). Budapest and New York: EUMAP Project – Open Society Institute
   Google Scholar
• Jaspal, R. 2015. “The Experience of Relationship Dissolution among British South Asian Gay Men: Identity Threat and Protection.” Sexuality Research and Social Policy 12 (1): 34–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaspal, R., and A. Coyle. 2010. “'Arabic is the Language of the Muslims–That’s How It Was Supposed to Be’: Exploring Language and Religious Identity through Reflective Accounts from Young British-Born South Asians.” Mental Health, Religion and Culture 13 (1): 17–36.
   Google Scholar
• Jaspal, R., and A. Siraj. 2011. “Perceptions of ‘Coming Out’ among British Muslim Gay Men.” Psychology & Sexuality 2 (3): 183–197.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, T., and G. Zurlo. 2015. “The World by Religion.” In Yearbook of International Religious Demography 2015, edited by B. Grim, T. Johnson, V. Skirbekk and G. Zurlo, 56–61. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, L., C. L. Chou, S. L. Dibble, and P. A. Robertson. 2008. “A Critical Intervention in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health: Knowledge and Attitude Outcomes among Second-Year Medical Students.” Teaching and Learning in Medicine 20 (3): 248–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kligerman, N. 2007. “Homosexuality in Islam: A Difficult Paradox.” Macalester Islam Journal 2 (3): 8.
   Google Scholar
• Knight, D. A., and D. Jarrett. 2015. “Preventive Health Care for Men Who Have Sex with Men.” American Family Physician 91 (12): 844–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kugle, S. S. A.-H. 2003. “Sexuality, Diversity, and Ethics in the Agenda of Progressive Muslims.” In Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism, edited by O. Safi, 190–234. Oxford: Oneworld.
   Google Scholar
• Kugle, S. S. A.-H. 2010. Homosexuality in Islam: Critical Reflection on Gay, Lesbian and Transgender Muslims. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Kugle, S. S. A.-H. 2013. Living out Islam: Voices of Gay, Lesbian and Transgender Muslims. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Laird, L. D., M. M. Amer, E. D. Barnett, and L. L. Barnes. 2007. “Muslim Patients and Health Disparities in the UK and the US.” Archives of Disease in Childhood 92 (10): 922–926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin, M., S. Watts, and E. Clifton. 2006. “Giving Voice and Making Sense in Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 102–120.
   Google Scholar
• Midoun, M., S. Shangani, B. Mbete, S. Babu, M. Hackman, E. M. van der Elst, E. J. Sanders, A. D. Smith, and D. Operario. 2016. “How Intersectional Constructions of Sexuality, Culture, and Masculinity Shape Identities and Sexual Decision-Making among Men Who Hvae Sex with Men in Coastal Kenya.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 18 (6): 625–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minwalla, O., B. R. Simon Rosser, J. Feldman, and C. Varga. 2005. “Identity Experience among Progressive Gay Muslims in North America: A Qualitative Study within Al-Fatiha.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 7 (2): 113–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mir, G., and A. Sheikh. 2010. “‘Fasting and Prayer Don’t Concern the Doctors… They Don’t Even Know What It Is’: Communication, Decision-Making and Perceived Social Relations of Pakistani Muslim Patients with Long-Term Illnesses.” Ethnicity & Health 15 (4): 327–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, C. J. L., M. A. Richards, J. N. Newton, K. A. Fenton, H. Ross Anderson, C. Atkinson, D. Bennett, E. Bernabé, H. Blencowe, and R. Bourne. 2013. “UK Health Performance: Findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.” The Lancet 381 (9871): 997–1020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obedin-Maliver, J., E. S. Goldsmith, L. Stewart, W. White, E. Tran, S. Brenman, M. Wells, D. M. Fetterman, G. Garcia, and M. R. Lunn. 2011. “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender-Related Content in Undergraduate Medical Education.” Journal of the American Medical Association 306 (9): 971–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petroll, A. E., and K. E. Mosack. 2011. “Physician Awareness of Sexual Orientation and Preventive Health Recommendations to Men Who Have Sex with Men.” Sexually Transmitted Diseases 38 (1): 63–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt, L. 2005. Migration and Social Mobility: The Life Chances of Britain’s Minority Ethnic Communities. Bristol: Joseph Rowntree Foundation/Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ponce, N. A., S. D. Cochran, J. C. Pizer, and V. M. Mays. 2010. “The Effects of Unequal Access to Health Insurance for Same-Sex Couples in California.” Health Affairs 29 (8): 1539–1548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. 2010. “Queer as Intersectionality: Theorizing Gay Muslim Identities.” Sociology 44 (5): 944–961.
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. 2014. Homosexualities, Muslim Cultures and Modernity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9781137002969
   Google Scholar
• Rassool, G. H. 2014. Cultural Competence in Caring for Muslim Patients. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1007/978-1-137-35841-7
   Google Scholar
• Rucker, A. J., A. Murray, Z. Gaul, M. Y. Sutton, and P. A. Wilson. 2017. “The Role of Patient–Provider Sexual Health Communication in Understanding the Uptake of HIV Prevention Services among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men.” Culture, Health & Sexuality. doi:10.1080/13691058.2017.1375156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, S., E. Curnock, R. Mitchell, M. Robinson, E. Tod, and G. McCartney. 2013. “What Would It Take to Eradicate Health Inequalities? A Cross-Sectional Study Using Routine Administrative Data.” The Lancet 382: S88. 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62513-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semlyen, J. 2015. “Health Psychology.” In The Palgrave Handbook of the Psychology of Sexuality and Gender, edited by C. Richards and M. J. Barker, 300–315. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9781137345899
   Google Scholar
• Semlyen, J., M. King, J. Varney, and G. Hagger-Johnson. 2016. “Sexual Orientation and Symptoms of Common Mental Disorder or Low Wellbeing: Combined Meta-Analysis of 12 UK Population Health Surveys.” BMC Psychiatry 16 (1): 67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafiq, M., and S. H. Ali. 2006. “Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pakistan.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 6 (6): 321–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silberman, I. 2005. “Religion as a Meaning System: Implications for the New Millennium.” Journal of Social Issues 61 (4): 641–663.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siraj, A. 2006. “On Being Homosexual and Muslim: Conflicts and Challenges.” In Islamic Masculinities, edited by L. Ouzgane, 202–216. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Siraj, A. 2009. “The Construction of the Homosexual ‘Other’ by British Muslim Heterosexuals.” Contemporary Islam 3 (1): 41–57.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. A., and M. Osborn. 2003. “Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.” In Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Research Methods, edited by J. A. Smith, 51–80. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. A., P. Flowers, and M. Larkin. 2009. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Stein, G. L., and K. A. Bonuck. 2001. “Physician–Patient Relationships among the Lesbian and Gay Community.” Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 5 (3): 87–93.
   Google Scholar
• Westwood, S., A. King, K. Almack, Y. -T. Suen, and L. Bailey. 2015. “Good Practice in Health and Social Care Provision for Older LGBT People.” In Social Work and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans Health Inequalities: International Perspectives, edited by J. Fish and K. Karban, 145–159. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Willig, C. 2008. Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press, McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Yip, A. K.-T. 2004. “Negotiating Space with Family and Kin in Identity Construction: The Narratives of British Non-Heterosexual Muslims.” The Sociological Review 52 (3): 336–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yip, A. K.-T. 2005. “Queering Religious Texts: An Exploration of British Non-Heterosexual Christians’ and Muslims’ Strategy of Constructing Sexuality-Affirming Hermeneutics.” Sociology 39 (1): 47–65.
   Google Scholar
• Yip, A. K.-T. 2015. “When Religion Meets Sexuality: Two Tales of Intersection.” In Religion and Sexuality: Diversity and the Limits of Tolerance, edited by P. D. Young, H. Shipley, and T. Trothen, 119–140. Vancouver: UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., and D. Nesdale. 2013. “Anxious and Angry Rejection Sensitivity, Social Withdrawal, and Retribution in High and Low Ambiguous Situations.” Journal of Personality 81 (1): 29–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar