Exploring the landscape of University-affiliated venture funds: an archetype approach

References

• Algieri, Bernardina, Antonio Aquino, Marianna Succurro, B. Algieri, Á. A. Aquino, Á. M. Succurro, A. Aquino, and M. Succurro. 2013. “Technology Transfer Offices and Academic Spin-Off Creation: The Case of Italy.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 38 (4): 382–400. doi:10.1007/s10961-011-9241-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambos, Tina C, and Julian Birkinshaw. 2010. “How Do New Ventures Evolve? An Inductive Study of Archetype Changes in Science-Based Ventures.” Organization Science 21 (6): 1125–1140. doi:10.1287/orsc.1090.0504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audretsch, David B. 2014. “From the Entrepreneurial University to the University for the Entrepreneurial Society.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 39 (3): 313–321. doi:10.1007/s10961-012-9288-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertoni, Fabio, Massimo G. Colombo, and Anita Quas. 2015. “The Patterns of Venture Capital Investment in Europe.” Small Business Economics 45 (3): 543–560. doi:10.1007/s11187-015-9662-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertoni, Fabio, and Annalisa Croce. 2011. “Chapter 6: Policy Reforms for Venture Capital in Europe.” In Science and Innovation Policy for the New Knowledge Economy, edited by M. Colombo, L. Grilli, L. Piscitello and C. Rossi-Lamastra. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Bertoni, Fabio, and Tereza Tykvová. 2012. “Which Form of Venture Capital is Most Supportive of Innovation?” No. 12-018. ZEW Discussion Papers.
   Google Scholar
• Bessière, V., E. Stéphany, and P. Wirtz. 2020. “Crowdfunding, Business Angels, and Venture Capital: An Exploratory Study of the Concept of the Funding Trajectory.” Venture Capital 22 (2): 135–160. doi:10.1080/13691066.2019.1599188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block, Joern H, Massimo G. Colombo, Douglas J Cumming, and Silvio Vismara. 2018. “New Players in Entrepreneurial Finance and Why They are There.” Small Business Economics 50 (2): 239–250. doi:10.1007/s11187-016-9826-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boh, Wai Fong, Uzi De-Haan, and Robert Strom. 2016. “University Technology Transfer Through Entrepreneurship: Faculty and Students in Spinoffs.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 41 (4): 661–669. doi:10.1007/s10961-015-9399-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonini, Stefano, and Vincenzo Capizzi. 2019. “The Role of Venture Capital in the Emerging Entrepreneurial Finance Ecosystem: Future Threats and Opportunities.” Venture Capital 21 (2–3): 137–175. doi:10.1080/13691066.2019.1608697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brander, James A., Qianqian Du, and Thomas Hellmann. 2015. “The Effects of Government-Sponsored Venture Capital: International Evidence.” Review of Finance 19 (2): 571–618. doi:10.1093/rof/rfu009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruton, G. D., D. Ahlstrom, and H. L. Li. 2010. “Institutional Theory and Entrepreneurship: Where are We Now and Where Do We Need to Move in the Future?” Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 34 (3): 421–440. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00390.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugl, Benjamin M., Frank P. Balz, and Dominik K. Kanbach. 2022. “Leveraging Smart Capital Through Corporate Venture Capital: A Typology of Value Creation for New Venture Firms.” Journal of Business Venturing Insights 17 (June): e00292. doi:10.1016/J.JBVI.2021.E00292.
   Google Scholar
• Carree, Martin, Antonio Della Malva, and Enrico Santarelli. 2014. “The Contribution of Universities to Growth: Empirical Evidence for Italy.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 39 (3): 393–414. doi:10.1007/s10961-012-9282-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassar, Gavin. 2004. “The Financing of Business Start-Ups.” Journal of Business Venturing 19 (2): 261–283. doi:10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00029-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmaz, Kathy. 2014. Constructing Grounded Theory. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Chemmanur, T. J., E. Loutskina, and X. Tian. 2014. “Corporate Venture Capital, Value Creation, and Innovation.” The Review of Financial Studies 27 (8): 2434–2473. doi:10.1093/rfs/hhu033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiarello, M. A., R. Fini, S. Ghiselli, C. Girotti, A. Meoli, and M. Sobrero. 2021. “Student and Graduate Entrepreneurship in Italy—report 2020.” https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3774909
   Google Scholar
• Colombo, Massimo G., Luca Grilli, and Cinzia Verga. 2007. “High-Tech Start-Up Access to Public Funds and Venture Capital: Evidence from Italy.” International Review of Applied Economics 21 (3): 381–402. doi:10.1080/02692170701390361.
   Google Scholar
• Croce, Annalisa, Luca Grilli, and Samuele Murtinu. 2014. “Venture Capital Enters Academia: An Analysis of University-Managed Funds.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 39 (5): 688–715. doi:10.1007/s10961-013-9317-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darke, Peta, Graeme Shanks, and Marianne Broadbent. 1998. “Successfully Completing Case Study Research: Combining Rigour, Relevance and Pragmatism.” Information Systems Journal 8 (4): 273–289. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2575.1998.00040.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, P. J., and W. W. Powell. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48 (2): 147–160. doi:10.2307/2095101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta, S., and T. B. Folta. 2016. “A Comparison of the Effect of Angels and Venture Capitalists on Innovation and Value Creation.” Journal of Business Venturing 31 (1): 39–54. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.08.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. 1989. “Building Theories from Case Study Research.” Academy of Management Review 14 (4): 532–550. doi:10.2307/258557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, Kathleen M., Melissa E. Graebner, and Scott Sonenshein. 2016. “Grand Challenges and Inductive Methods: Rigor Without Rigor Mortis.” Academy of Management Journal 59 (4): 1113–1123. doi:10.5465/amj.2016.4004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabregà, M. B. 2018. “How Entrepreneurship in Higher Education Helps to Sustainable Development at the Local Level: The Case of Tecnocampus.” In Towards Green Campus Operations (), edited by W. Leal Filho, F. Frankenberger, P. Iglecias and R. Mülfarth, 587–604. World Sustainability Series, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76885-4_40
   Google Scholar
• Fini, Riccardo, Kun Fu, Marius Tuft Mathisen, Einar Rasmussen, and Mike Wright. 2017. “Institutional Determinants of University Spin-Off Quantity and Quality: A Longitudinal, Multilevel, Cross-Country Study.” Small Business Economics 48 (2): 361–391. doi:10.1007/s11187-016-9779-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuster, E., A. Padilla-Meléndez, N. Lockett, and A. R. Del-Águila-Obra. 2019. “The Emerging Role of University Spin-Off Companies in Developing Regional Entrepreneurial University Ecosystems: The Case of Andalusia.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 141: 219–231. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gioia, Dennis A., Kevin G. Corley, and Aimee L. Hamilton. 2013. “Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research: Notes on the Gioia Methodology.” Organizational Research Methods 16 (1): 15–31. doi:10.1177/1094428112452151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glücksman, Sarah. 2020. “Entrepreneurial Experiences from Venture Capital Funding: Exploring Two-Sided Information Asymmetry.” Venture Capital 22 (4): 331–354. doi:10.1080/13691066.2020.1827502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, R. (2014), “Creating University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Evidence from Emerging Leaders”, .MIT Skoltech Initiative www.rhgraham.org/RHG/Recent_publications_files/MIT%3ASkoltech%20entrepreneurial%20ecosystems%20report%202014%20_1.pdf (accessed 12 June 2022).
   Google Scholar
• Greenwood, Royston, and C.R. Hinings. 1988. “Organizational Design Types, Tracks and the Dynamics of Strategic Change.” Organization Studies 9 (3): 293–316. doi:10.1177/017084068800900301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood, Royston, and C. R. Hinings. 1993. “Understanding Strategic Change: The Contribution of Archetypes.” Academy of Management Journal 36 (5): 1052–1081. doi:10.2307/256645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffee, D. T. 2005. “Research Tips: Interview Data Collection.” Journal of Developmental Education 28 (3): 36–37.
   Google Scholar
• Grilli, Luca, and Samuele Murtinu. 2014. “Government, Venture Capital and the Growth of European High-Tech Entrepreneurial Firms.” Research Policy 43 (9): 1523–1543. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimaldi, Rosa, Martin Kenney, Donald S Siegel, and Mike Wright. 2011. “30 Years After Bayh-Dole: Reassessing Academic Entrepreneurship.” Research Policy 40 (8): 1045–1057. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2011.04.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grodal, S., M. Anteby, and A. L. Holm. 2021. “Achieving Rigor in Qualitative Analysis: The Role of Active Categorization in Theory Building.” Academy of Management Review 46 (3): 591–612. doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gubitta, Paolo, Alessandra Tognazzo, Federica Destro, P. Gubitta, Á. A. Tognazzo, A. Tognazzo, and F. Destro. 2016. “Signaling in Academic Ventures: The Role of Technology Transfer Offices and University Funds.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 41 (2): 368–393. doi:10.1007/s10961-015-9398-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrero, Maribel, David Urbano, Alain Fayolle, Magnus Klofsten, and Sarfraz Mian. 2016. “Entrepreneurial Universities: Emerging Models in the New Social and Economic Landscape.” Small Business Economics 47 (3): 551–563. doi:10.1007/s11187-016-9755-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrero, Maribel, David Urbano, and Eduardo Gajón. 2020. “Entrepreneurial University Ecosystems and Graduates’ Career Patterns: Do Entrepreneurship Education Programmes and University Business Incubators Matter?” Journal of Management Development 39 (5): 753–775. doi:10.1108/JMD-10-2019-0439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, Bronwyn H., and Josh Lerner. 2010. “The Financing of R&D and Innovation.” Handbook of the Economics of Innovation 1 (1 C): 609–639. doi:10.1016/S0169-7218(10)01014-2.
   Google Scholar
• Hays, Danica G., and W. Bradley McKibben. 2021. “Promoting Rigorous Research: Generalizability and Qualitative Research.” Journal of Counseling & Development 99 (2): 178–188. doi:10.1002/jcad.12365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayter, Christopher S. 2016a. “A Trajectory of Early-Stage Spinoff Success: The Role of Knowledge Intermediaries Within an Entrepreneurial University Ecosystem.” Small Business Economics 47 (3): 633–656. doi:10.1007/s11187-016-9756-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayter, Christopher S. 2016b. “Constraining Entrepreneurial Development: A Knowledge-Based View of Social Networks Among Academic Entrepreneurs.” Research Policy 45 (2): 475–490. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2015.11.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayter, C. S., R. Lubynsky, and S. Maroulis. 2017. “Who is the Academic Entrepreneur? The Role of Graduate Students in the Development of University Spinoffs.” Journal Technology Transfer 42 (6): 1237–1254. doi:10.1007/s10961-016-9470-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayter, Christopher S., Andrew J. Nelson, Stephanie Zayed, and Alan C. O’Connor. 2018. “Conceptualizing Academic Entrepreneurship Ecosystems: A Review, Analysis and Extension of the Literature.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 43 (4): 1039–1082. doi:10.1007/s10961-018-9657-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm, Alison E., Benoit Decreton, Phillip C. Nell, and Patricia Klopf. 2017. “The Dynamic Response Process to Conflicting Institutional Demands in MNC Subsidiaries: An Inductive Study in the Sub‐Saharan African E‐commerce Sector.” Global Strategy Journal 7 (1): 104–124. doi:10.1002/gsj.1145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ince, Inan, and Rüdiger Hahn. 2020. “How Dynamic Capabilities Facilitate the Survivability of Social Enterprises: A Qualitative Analysis of Sensing and Seizing Capacities.” Journal of Small Business Management 58 (6): 1256–1290. doi:10.1111/jsbm.12487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob, Merle, Mats Lundqvist, and Hans Hellsmark. 2003. “Entrepreneurial Transformations in the Swedish University System: The Case of Chalmers University of Technology.” Research Policy 32 (9): 1555–1568. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00024-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., and L. Wagman. 2014. “Portfolio Size and Information Disclosure: An Analysis of Startup Accelerators.” Journal of Corporate Finance 29: 520–534. doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.10.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondra, Alex Z., and C. R. Hinings. 1998. “Organizational Diversity and Change in Institutional Theory.” Organization Studies 19 (5): 743–767. doi:10.1177/017084069801900502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lans, T., W. I. M. Hulsink, H. Baert, and M. Mulder. 2008. “Entrepreneurship Education and Training in a Small Business Context: Insights from the Competence-Based Approach.” Journal of Enterprising Culture 16 (04): 363–383. doi:10.1142/S0218495808000193.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, Josh. 2004. “The University and the Start-Up: Lessons from the Past Two Decades.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 30 (1–2): 49–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-004-4357-8.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, Josh. 2009. Boulevard of Broken Dreams: Why Public Efforts to Boost Entrepreneurship and Venture Capital Have Failed--and What to Do About It. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400831630
   Google Scholar
• Levin, Richard C., Alvin K. Klevorick, Richard R. Nelson, Sidney G. Winter, Richard Gilbert, and Zvi Griliches. 1987. “Appropriating the Returns from Industrial Research and Development.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1987 (3): 783–831. doi:10.2307/2534454.
   Google Scholar
• Lockett, Andy, Mike Wright, and Stephen Franklin. 2003. “Technology Transfer and Universities’ Spin-Out Strategies.” Small Business Economics 20 (2): 185. doi:10.1023/A:1022220216972.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubik, Sarah, Elizabeth Garnsey, Tim Minshall, and Ken Platts. 2013. “Value Creation from the Innovation Environment: Partnership Strategies in University Spin‐outs.” R&D Management 43 (2): 136–150. doi:10.1111/radm.12006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundqvist, M.A. 2014. “The Importance of Surrogate Entrepreneurship for Incubated Swedish Technology Ventures.” Technovation 34 (2): 93–100. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2013.08.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mele, G., G. Secundo Sansone, and E. Paolucci. 2022. “Speeding Up Student Entrepreneurship: The Role of University Business Idea Incubators.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. pp. 1–15. http://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2022.3175655
   Google Scholar
• Miles, Matthew B., and A. Michael Huberman. 1984. “Drawing Valid Meaning from Qualitative Data: Toward a Shared Craft.” Educational Researcher 13 (5): 20–30. doi:10.3102/0013189X013005020.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, Kristel, Rodney McAdam, Sandra Moffett, Allen Alexander, and Pushyarag Puthusserry. 2016. “Knowledge Transfer in University Quadruple Helix Ecosystems: An Absorptive Capacity Perspective.” R&D Management 46 (2): 383–399. doi:10.1111/radm.12182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mintzberg, Henry. 1979. “Patterns in Strategy Formation.” International Studies of Management & Organization 9 (3): 67–86. doi:10.1080/00208825.1979.11656272.
   Google Scholar
• Miranda, Francisco Javier, Antonio Chamorro, and Sergio Rubio. 2018. “Re-Thinking University Spin-Off: A Critical Literature Review and a Research Agenda.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 43 (4): 1007–1038. doi:10.1007/s10961-017-9647-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munari, Federico, Martina Pasquini, and Laura Toschi. 2015. “From the Lab to the Stock Market? The Characteristics and Impact of University-Oriented Seed Funds in Europe.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 40 (6): 948–975. doi:10.1007/s10961-014-9385-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munari, Federico, Maurizio Sobrero, and Laura Toschi. 2017. “Financing Technology Transfer: Assessment of University-Oriented Proof-Of-Concept Programmes.” Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 29 (2): 233–246. doi:10.1080/09537325.2016.1241874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munari, Federico, Maurizio Sobrero, and Laura Toschi. 2018. “The University as a Venture Capitalist? Gap Funding Instruments for Technology Transfer.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 127: 70–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD/EU. 2017. “Policy Brief on Women’s Entrepreneurship.” OECD Publishing. [ Online]. http://www.oecd.org/cfe/smes/PolicyBrief-on-Women-s-Entrepreneurship.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pache, Anne-Claire, and Filipe Santos. 2010. “When Worlds Collide: The Internal Dynamics of Organizational Responses to Conflicting Institutional Demands.” Academy of Management Review 35 (3): 455–476. doi:10.5465/AMR.2010.51142368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pache, Anne-Claire, and Filipe Santos. 2013. “Inside the Hybrid Organization: Selective Coupling as a Response to Competing Institutional Logics.” Academy of Management Journal 56 (4): 972–1001. doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, Michael Quinn. 2002. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Pierrakis, Y. 2016. “Public Policies and Public Programs with a Regional Impact in Promoting Entrepreneurship: The Case Study of Government Backed Venture Capital Schemes in the UK.” In Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurial Success and Its Impact on Regional Development, edited by L. Carvalho, 122–150. IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9567-2.ch006.
   Google Scholar
• Prokop, Daniel. 2021. “University Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Spinoff Companies: Configurations, Developments and Outcomes.” Technovation 107: 102286. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahlman, William A. 1990. “Why Sane People Shouldn’t Serve on Public Boards.” Harvard Business Review 68 (3): 28–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samila, Sampsa, and Olav Sorenson. 2010. “Venture Capital as a Catalyst to Commercialization.” Research Policy 39 (10): 1348–1360. doi:10.1016/J.RESPOL.2010.08.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane, Scott. 2004. “Academic Entrepreneurship: University Spinoffs and Wealth Creation.” In New Horizons in Entrepreneurship, edited by Sankaran Venkataraman. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Siegel, Donald S., David Waldman, and Albert Link. 2003. “Assessing the Impact of Organizational Practices on the Relative Productivity of University Technology Transfer Offices: An Exploratory Study.” Research Policy 32 (1): 27–48. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00196-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, Donald S., and Mike Wright. 2015. “Academic Entrepreneurship: Time for a Rethink?” British Journal of Management 26 (4): 582–595. doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. K. 2010. “Venture Capital Approaches to Value Creation: Contracting and Deal Structure.” Strategic Change 19 (7−8): 285–292. doi:10.1002/jsc.876.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, A.L., and J.M. Corbin. 1998. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Thorp, Holden, and Buck Goldstein. 2013. Engines of Innovation: The Entrepreneurial University in the Twenty-First Century. Chapel Hill: UNC Press Books.
   Google Scholar
• Van Osnabrugge, Mark, and Robert J. Robinson. 2000. Angel Investing: Matching Startup Funds with Startup Companies: -The Guide for Entrepreneurs and Individual Investors. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Voisey, P., P. Jones, and B. Thomas. 2013. “The Pre-Incubator: A Longitudinal Study of 10 Years of University Pre-Incubation in Wales.” Industry and Higher Education 27 (5): 349–363. doi:10.5367/ihe.2013.0168.
   Google Scholar
• Widding, Lars Oystein, Marius Tuft Mathisen, and Oystein Madsen. 2009. “University-Affiliated Venture Capital Funds: Funding of University Spin-Off Companies.” International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation 8 (2–3): 229–245. doi:10.1504/IJTTC.2009.024387.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, Mike, Andy Lockett, Bart Clarysse, and Martin Binks. 2006. “University Spin-Out Companies and Venture Capital.” Research Policy 35 (4): 481–501. doi:10.1016/J.RESPOL.2006.01.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, Mike, Donald S. Siegel, and Philippe Mustar. 2017. “An Emerging Ecosystem for Student Start-Ups.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 42 (4): 909–922. doi:10.1007/s10961-017-9558-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, Robert K. 2009. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Vol. 5. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
   Google Scholar
• Zacharakis, Andrew L., Jeffery S. McMullen, and Dean A. Shepherd. 2007. “Venture Capitalists’ Decision Policies Across Three Countries: An Institutional Theory Perspective.” Journal of International Business Studies 38 (5): 691–708. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Linxiu, Eli Pollak, Ross Darwin, Matthew Boswell, and Scott Rozelle. 2013. “Are Elite University Graduates Aiding China’s Transition to an Innovation-Based Economy? Results from a Career Choices Survey Among Would-Be Innovators in China and the USA.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting\& Economics 20 (1): 58–69. doi:10.1080/16081625.2013.748436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker, L. G. 1987. “Institutional Theories of Organization.” Annual Review of Sociology 13 (1): 443–464. doi:10.1146/annurev.so.13.080187.002303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar