Private equity, venture capital and patents: a bibliometric review and future research

References

• Abbas, A., L. Zhang, and S. U. Khan. 2014. “A Literature Review on the State-of-the-Art in Patent Analysis.” World Patent Information 37:3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2013.12.006.
   Google Scholar
• Aguinis, H., R. K. Gottfredson, and T. A. Wright. 2011. “Best‐Practice Recommendations for Estimating Interaction Effects Using Meta‐Analysis.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 32 (8): 1033–1043. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.719.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, A., A. Mahfouz, and A. Arisha. 2017. “Analysing Supply Chain Resilience: Integrating the Constructs in a Concept Mapping Framework via a Systematic Literature Review.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 22 (1): 16–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-06-2016-0197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, M. J. 2021. “Historical Patent Data: A practitioner’s Guide.” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 30 (2): 368–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arqué-Castells, P. 2012. “How Venture Capitalists Spur Invention in Spain: Evidence from Patent Trajectories.” Research Policy 41 (5): 897–912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.01.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahoo, S., I. Alon, and A. Paltrinieri. 2020. “Sovereign Wealth Funds: Past, Present and Future.” International Review of Financial Analysis 67:101418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.101418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamel, U. K., R. Pandey, and A. Gupta. 2020. “Safety Climate: Systematic Literature Network Analysis of 38 Years (1980–2018) of Research.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 135:105387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.105387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbu, A., and G. Militaru. 2019. “The Moderating Effect of Intellectual Property Rights on Relationship Between Innovation and Company Performance in Manufacturing Sector.” Procedia Manufacturing 32:1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.324.
   Google Scholar
• Bertoni, F., A. Croce, and D. d’Adda. 2010. “Venture Capital Investments and Patenting Activity of High-Tech Start-Ups: A Micro-Econometric Firm-Level Analysis.” Venture Capital 12 (4): 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2010.486157.
   Google Scholar
• Bertoni, F., and T. Tykvová. 2015. “Does Governmental Venture Capital Spur Invention and Innovation? Evidence from Young European Biotech Companies.” Research Policy 44 (4): 925–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.02.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollazzi, F., G. Risalvato, and C. Venezia. 2019. “Asymmetric Information and Deal Selection: Evidence from the Italian Venture Capital Market.” International Entrepreneurship & Management Journal 15 (3): 721–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0539-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callon, M., J. P. Courtial, and F. Laville. 1991. “Co-Word Analysis As a Tool for Describing the Network of Interactions Between Basic and Technological Research: The Case of Polymer Chemsitry.” Scientometrics 22 (1): 155–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02019280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancino, C. A., J. M. Merigo, J. P. Torres, and D. Diaz. 2018. “A Bibliometric Analysis of Venture Capital Research.” Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science 23 (45): 182–195. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-01-2018-0016.
   Google Scholar
• Capizzi, V., A. Paltrinieri, D. Pattnaik, and S. Kumar. 2022. “Retrospective Overview of the Journal Venture Capital Using Bibliometric Approach.” Venture Capital 24 (1): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2022.2051769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carree, M., R. Piergiovanni, E. Santarelli, and I. Verheul. 2015. “Factors Favoring Innovation from a Regional Perspective: A Comparison of Patents and Trademarks.” International Entrepreneurship & Management Journal 11 (4): 793–810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0313-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caviggioli, F., A. Colombelli, A. De Marco, and E. Paolucci. 2020. “How Venture Capitalists Evaluate Young Innovative Company Patent Portfolios: Empirical Evidence from Europe.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research 26 (4): 695–721. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2018-0692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiesa, V., F. Frattini, V. Lazzarotti, and R. Manzini. 2009. “Performance Measurement in R&D: Exploring the Interplay Between Measurement Objectives, Dimensions of Performance and Contextual Factors.” R&d Management 39 (5): 487–519. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00554.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobo, M. J., A. G. López‐Herrera, E. Herrera‐Viedma, and F. Herrera. 2011. “Science Mapping Software Tools: Review, Analysis, and Cooperative Study Among Tools.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 62 (7): 1382–1402. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colicchia, C., A. Creazza, C. Noè, and F. Strozzi. 2019. “Information Sharing in Supply Chains: A Review of Risks and Opportunities Using the Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA).” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 24 (1): 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2018-0003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo, M. G., D. J. Cumming, and S. Vismara. 2016. “Governmental Venture Capital for Innovative Young Firms.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 41 (1): 10–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-014-9380-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo, M. G., B. Montanaro, and S. Vismara. 2022. “What Drives the Valuation of Entrepreneurial Ventures? A Map to Navigate the Literature and Research Directions.” Small Business Economics 61 (1): 59–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00688-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conti, A., M. Thursby, and F. T. Rothaermel. 2013. “Show Me the Right Stuff: Signals for High‐Tech Startups.” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 22 (2): 341–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelius, B., and O. Persson. 2006. “Who’s Who in Venture Capital Research.” Technovation 26 (2): 142–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.05.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cumming, D., S. Kumar, W. M. Lim, and N. Pandey. 2023. “Mapping the Venture Capital and Private Equity Research: A Bibliometric Review and Future Research Agenda.” Small Business Economics 61 (1): 173–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lima Ribeiro, L., and A. Gledson de Carvalho. 2008. “Private Equity and Venture Capital in an Emerging Economy: Evidence from Brazil.” Venture Capital 10 (2): 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691060801946121.
   Google Scholar
• De Nooy, W., A. Mrvar, and V. Batagelj. 2018. Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek: Revised and Expanded Edition For Updated Software. Vol. 46. Cambridge university press.
   Google Scholar
• Denyer, D., and D. Tranfield. 2009. “Producing a Systematic Review.” In The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Research Methods, 671–689. Sage Publications Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• De Vries, G., E. Pennings, J. H. Block, and C. Fisch. 2017. “Trademark or Patent? The Effects of Market Concentration, Customer Type and Venture Capital Financing on Start-ups’ Initial IP Applications.” Industry and Innovation 24 (4): 325–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2016.1231607.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, Y., G. G. Chowdhury, and S. Foo. 2001. “Bibliometric Cartography of Information Retrieval Research by Using Co-Word Analysis.” Information Processing & Management 37 (6): 817–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4573(00)00051-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donthu, N., S. Kumar, D. Mukherjee, N. Pandey, and W. M. Lim. 2022. “How to Conduct a Bibliometric Analysis: An Overview and Guidelines.” Journal of Business Research 148:101–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.04.042.
   Google Scholar
• Dushnitsky, G., and M. J. Lenox. 2005. “When Do Incumbents Learn from Entrepreneurial Ventures?: Corporate Venture Capital and Investing Firm Innovation Rates.” Research Policy 34 (5): 615–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.01.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel, D. 2004. “The Performance of Venture-Backed Firms: The Effect of Venture Capital Company Characteristics.” Industry and Innovation 11 (3): 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/1366271042000265401.
   Google Scholar
• Engel, D., and M. Keilbach. 2007. “Firm-Level Implications of Early Stage Venture Capital Investment—An Empirical Investigation.” Journal of Empirical Finance 14 (2): 150–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2006.03.004.
   Google Scholar
• Feng, X., K. C. Chan, and Y. L. Lo. 2020. “Are Venture Capitalist-Backed IPOs More Innovative? Evidence from an Emerging Market.” The North American Journal of Economics and Finance 51:100839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2018.08.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gervasoni, A., F. Bollazzi, and A. O. Bosio. 2018. “The Role of Venture Capital in Supporting the Development Process of Innovative Start-Ups: Evidence from the Italian Market.” Management Studies 6 (6): 484–501. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2185/2018.06.006.
   Google Scholar
• Giraudo, E., G. Giudici, and L. Grilli. 2019. “Entrepreneurship Policy and the Financing of Young Innovative Companies: Evidence from the Italian Startup Act.” Research Policy 48 (9): 103801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.05.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, G. 2013. “Small Firms, Big Patents? Estimating Patent Value Using Data on Israeli Start‐ups’ Financing Rounds.” European Management Review 10 (4): 183–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haeussler, C., D. Harhoff, and E. Mueller. 2014. “How Patenting Informs VC Investors–The Case of Biotechnology.” Research Policy 43 (8): 1286–1298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.03.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirukawa, M., and M. Ueda. 2011. “Venture Capital and Innovation: Which Is First?” Pacific Economic Review 16 (4): 421–465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2011.00557.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoenen, S., C. Kolympiris, W. Schoenmakers, and N. Kalaitzandonakes. 2014. “The Diminishing Signaling Value of Patents Between Early Rounds of Venture Capital Financing.” Research Policy 43 (6): 956–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.01.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoenig, D., and J. Henkel. 2015. “Quality Signals? The Role of Patents, Alliances, and Team Experience in Venture Capital Financing.” Research Policy 44 (5): 1049–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.11.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itchkawitz, B. S. 2006. “Developing an Effective Patent Portfolio.” In 2006 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show - NSTI Nanotech 2006 Technical Proceedings.
   Google Scholar
• Kenney, M., and D. Patton. 2018. “Sub-National Technology Policy and Commerce: Evaluating the Impacts of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 43 (1): 47–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9580-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, A., M. K. Hassan, A. Paltrinieri, A. Dreassi, and S. Bahoo. 2020. “A Bibliometric Review of Takaful Literature.” International Review of Economics & Finance 69:389–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.05.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., and A. Heshmati. 2010. “Analysis of Korean it startups’ Initial Public Offering and Their Post-IPO Performance.” Journal of Productivity Analysis 34 (2): 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-010-0176-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitchenham, B. 2004. “Procedures for Performing Systematic Reviews.” Keele, UK, Keele University 33 (2004): 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinberg, J. 2003. “Bursty and Hierarchical Structure in Streams.” Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 7 (4): 373–397. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024940629314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klingebiel, R., and C. Rammer. 2014. “Resource Allocation Strategy for Innovation Portfolio Management.” Strategic Management Journal 35 (2): 246–268. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knoke, D., and S. Yang. 2019. Social Network Analysis. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Köhn, A. 2018. “The Determinants of Startup Valuation in the Venture Capital Context: A Systematic Review and Avenues for Future Research.” Management Review Quarterly 68 (1): 3–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-017-0131-5.
   Google Scholar
• Kolympiris, C., and N. Kalaitzandonakes. 2013. “The Geographic Extent of Venture Capital Externalities on Innovation.” Venture Capital 15 (3): 199–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2013.804749.
   Google Scholar
• Kou, M., Y. Yang, and K. Chen. 2020. “The Impact of External R&D Financing on Innovation Process from a Supply-Demand Perspective.” Economic Modelling 92:375–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.01.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, Y. H., and H. C. Che. 2009. “Integrated Evaluator Extracted from Infringement Lawsuits Using Extension Neural Network Accommodated to Patent Assessment.” International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 35 (2–4): 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCAT.2009.026585.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner J. 2000. “Assessing the Contribution of Venture Capital to Innovation.” The RAND Journal of Economics 31 (4): 674–692. https://doi.org/10.2307/2696354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link, A. N., and M. van Hasselt. 2022. “The Use of Intellectual Property Protection Mechanisms by Publicly Supported Firms.” Economics of Innovation & New Technology 31 (1–2): 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2020.1843993.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucio‐Arias, D., and L. Leydesdorff. 2008. “Main‐Path Analysis and Path‐Dependent Transitions in HistCite™‐Based Historiograms.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 59 (12): 1948–1962. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20903.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Y., J. Cai, Y. Wang, U. Farooq Sahibzada, O. Sanjuán Martínez, G. Fenza, and R. Gonzalez Crespo. 2021. “From Venture Capital Towards Venture Firm Innovation Performance: Evidence from SMEs of China.” Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40 (4): 8109–8115. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-189634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malyy, M., and Z. Tekic. 2018. “Role of Startup’s Intellectual Property in VCs Investment Decision-Making: Evidence from Russia.” In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (TEMS-ISIE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 1–7. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzucato, M. 2013. “Financing Innovation: Creative Destruction Vs. Destructive Creation.” Industrial and Corporate Change 22 (4): 851–867. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtt025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mezzanotti, F., and T. Simcoe. 2019. “Patent Policy and American Innovation After eBay: An Empirical Examination.” Research Policy 48 (5): 1271–1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.01.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee, D., W. M. Lim, S. Kumar, and N. Donthu. 2022. “Guidelines for Advancing Theory and Practice Through Bibliometric Research.” Journal of Business Research 148:101–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.04.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munari, F., and L. Toschi. 2008. “HOW DO VC FIRMS EVALUATE STARTUPS’ PATENT PORTFOLIOS? THE CASE of NANOTECHNOLOGY.” Academy of Management Proceedings 2008 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2008.33649806.
   Google Scholar
• Munari, F., and L. Toschi. 2015. “Do Patents Affect VC Financing? Empirical Evidence from the Nanotechnology Sector.” International Entrepreneurship & Management Journal 11 (3): 623–644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0295-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowaz, F. E., M. Hasan, N. Nahar, and M. Rokonuzzaman. 2020. “Sustainable IPR Practices to Address Risk Capital Finance in Software Industries in Developing Countries.” In First International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Computational Intelligence, 659–666. Singapore: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Padilla-Ospina, A. M., J. E. Medina-Vásquez, and J. A. Rivera-Godoy. 2018. “Financing Innovation: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Field.” Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship 23 (1): 63–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/08963568.2018.1448678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, D. K., A. I. Hunjra, M. K. Hassan, and V. K. Rai. 2022. “Venture Capital Financing During Crises: A Bibliometric Review.” Research in International Business and Finance 64:101856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J. H., and Z. T. Bae. 2018. “When are ‘Sharks’ Beneficial? Corporate Venture Capital Investment and Startup Innovation Performance.” Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 30 (3): 324–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2017.1310376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira, C. R., M. Christopher, and A. L. Da Silva. 2014. “Achieving Supply Chain Resilience: The Role of Procurement.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 19 (5/6): 626–642. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-09-2013-0346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponta, L., G. Puliga, L. Oneto, and R. Manzini. 2020. “Identifying the Determinants of Innovation Capability with Machine Learning and Patents.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 69 (5): 2144–2154. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.3004237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan, R. P., M. B. Arvin, M. Nair, S. E. Bennett, S. Bahmani, and J. H. Hall. 2018. “Endogenous Dynamics between Innovation, Financial Markets, Venture Capital and Economic Growth: Evidence from Europe.” Journal of Multinational Financial Management 45:15–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2018.01.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan, R. P., R. P. Maradana, D. B. Zaki, S. Dash, M. Jayakumar, and K. Gaurav. 2017. “Venture Capital and Innovation: Evidence from European Economic Area Countries.” International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 14 (6): 1750031. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877017500316.
   Google Scholar
• Preqin. 2021. “2021 Preqin Global Private Equity & Venture Capital Report.” London: Prequin.
   Google Scholar
• Rydehell, H., A. Isaksson, and H. Löfsten. 2019. “Business Networks and Localization Effects for New Swedish Technology-Based firms’ Innovation Performance.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 44 (5): 1547–1576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-9668-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safari, A. 2018. “Venture Capital and Intellectual Property Rights Effects on Innovation in Different Socio-Economic Environments: A Systematic Review and Exploration of Various Contradictive Studies.” International Journal of Economics and Business Research 15 (3): 373–397. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2018.091049.
   Google Scholar
• Schickinger, A., M. P. Leitterstorf, and N. Kammerlander. 2018. “Private Equity and Family Firms: A Systematic Review and Categorization of the Field.” Journal of Family Business Strategy 9 (4): 268–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2018.09.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane, S., and T. Stuart. 2002. “Organizational Endowments and the Performance of University Start-Ups.” Management Science 48 (1): 154–170. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.1.154.14280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, S., K. Malik, M. Kaur, and N. Saini. 2023. “Mapping Research in the Field of Private Equity: A Bibliometric Analysis.” Management Review Quarterly 73 (1): 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-021-00231-y.
   Google Scholar
• Shinkle, G. A., and J. A. Suchard. 2019. “Innovation in Newly Public Firms: The Influence of Government Grants, Venture Capital, and Private Equity.” Australian Journal of Management 44 (2): 248–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896218802611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen, M. 2007. “How Smart is Smart Money? A Two‐Sided Matching Model of Venture Capital.” The Journal of Finance 62 (6): 2725–2762. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01291.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strozzi, F., C. Colicchia, A. Creazza, and C. Noè. 2017. “Literature Review on the ‘Smart Factory’concept Using Bibliometric Tools.” International Journal of Production Research 55 (22): 6572–6591. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1326643.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, S. L., V. Z. Chen, S. A. Sunny, and J. Chen. 2019. “Venture Capital as an Innovation Ecosystem Engineer in an Emerging Market.” International Business Review 28 (5): 101485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.02.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svensson, R. 2007. “Commercialization of Patents and External Financing during the R&D Phase.” Research Policy 36 (7): 1052–1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.04.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tirole, J. 2010. The Theory of Corporate Finance. USA: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tykvová, T. 2018. “Venture Capital and Private Equity Financing: An Overview of Recent Literature and an Agenda for Future Research.” Journal of Business Economics 88 (3): 325–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-017-0874-4.
   Google Scholar
• Useche, D. 2014. “Are Patents Signals for the IPO Market? An EU–US Comparison for the Software Industry.” Research Policy 43 (8): 1299–1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.04.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzuegbunam, I., Y. C. Liao, L. Pittaway, and G. J. Jolley. 2017. “Human Capital, Intellectual Capital, and Government Venture Capital.” Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 6 (3): 359–374. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-D-17-00008.
   Google Scholar
• Van Eck, N. J., and L. Waltman. 2010. “Software Survey: VOSviewer, a Computer Program for Bibliometric Mapping.” Scientometrics 84 (2): 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessendorf, C. P., J. Kegelmann, and O. Terzidis. 2019. “Determinants of Early-Stage Technology Venture Valuation by Business Angels and Venture Capitalists.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing 11 (5): 489–520. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2019.102259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wry, T., and M. Lounsbury. 2013. “Contextualizing the Categorical Imperative: Category Linkages, Technology Focus, and Resource Acquisition in Nanotechnology Entrepreneurship.” Journal of Business Venturing 28 (1): 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., T. Chen, and L. Zhang. 2016. “Corporate Venture Capital Program Autonomy, Corporate Investors’ Attention and Portfolio Diversification.” Journal of Strategy and Management 9 (3): 302–321. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-03-2015-0023.
   Google Scholar
• Zeng, F., S. H. N. Lee, and C. K. Y. Lo. 2020. “The Role of Information Systems in the Sustainable Development of Enterprises: A Systematic Literature Network Analysis.” Sustainability 12 (8): 3337. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., Y. Guo, and G. Sun. 2019. “How Patent Signals Affect Venture Capital: The Evidence of Bio-Pharmaceutical Start-Ups in China.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 145:93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, D., and A. Strotmann. 2014. “The Knowledge Base and Research Front of Information Science 2006–2010: An Author Cocitation and Bibliographic Coupling Analysis.” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 65 (5): 995–1006. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, H., P. G. Sandner, S. L. Martinelli, and J. H. Block. 2016. “Patents, Trademarks, and Their Complementarity in Venture Capital Funding.” Technovation 47:14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2015.11.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar