Telecommunication relay services as a tool for deaf political participation and citizenship

References

• Bateman, G. C. (1996). Attitudes of the deaf community toward political activism. In I. Parasnis (Ed.), Cultural and language diversity and the Deaf experience (pp. 146–159). Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burgess, J., Green, J., Jenkins, H., & Hartley, J. (2009). YouTube: Online video and participatory culture. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Buxton, D. (2014). Being a local council representative: Challenges and opportunities. In A. Pabsch (Ed.), UNCRPD implementation in Europe – A deaf perspective: Article 29, participation in political and public life (pp. 119–123). Brussels: European Union of the Deaf.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, S. (2002). Election call 2001: How politicians and the public interacted. Parliamentary Affairs, 55(4), 731–742. doi: 10.1093/parlij/55.4.731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connelly, L. B. (2010). The Australian captioned telephone study (no. 9). ACERH Research Report. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://aceinfo.net.au/images/pdf/Web_CapTel_Connelly_2010.pdf
   Google Scholar
• CSMG. (2012, October). International developments of video relay services. OFCOM final report. Retrieved May 23, 2015 http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/telecomsresearch/video-relay-services-2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, A. (2008). What e-politicians do with words: Online communication between councillors and citizens. Information Polity, 1(3/4), 233–248.
   Google Scholar
• Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. (2014, August 18). Title 47: Telecommunication. Part 64 – Miscellaneous rule relating to common carriers. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/textidx?c=ecfr&sid=4648f2a47a845158142bf13532a0184b&rgn=div5&view=text&node=47:3.0.1.1.11&idno=47#sp47.3.64.a
   Google Scholar
• Emery, S. (2009). In space no one can see you waving your hands: Making citizenship meaningful to deaf worlds. Citizenship Studies, 13(1), 31–44. doi: 10.1080/13621020802586719
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery, S. D. (2006). Citizenship and the deaf community ( PhD thesis). University of Central Lancashire, Preston.
   Google Scholar
• Enli, S. G., & Skogerbø, E. (2013). Personalized campaigns in party-centred politics: Twitter and Facebook as arenas for political communication. Information, Communication & Society, 16(5), 757–774. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2013.782330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ETSI TR 102 974 V1.1.1. (2009). Technical report. Human factors (HF); Telecommunications relay services. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/102900_102999/102974/01.01.01_60/tr_102974v010101p.pdf
   Google Scholar
• EUD. (2002). European parliament resolution on sign languages 1988. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.policy.hu/flora/ressign2.htm
   Google Scholar
• Gurevitch, M., Coleman, S., & Blumler, J. G. (2009). Political communication – old and new media relationships. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 625(1), 164–181. doi: 10.1177/0002716209339345
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habermas, J. (1996). Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. (W. Rehg, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hand, L., & Ching, B. (2011). You have one friend request. Administration Theory & Praxis, 33(3), 362–382. doi: 10.2753/ATP1084-1806330303
   Google Scholar
• Haualand, H. M. (2012). Interpreting ideals and relaying rights: A comparative study of video interpreting services in Norway, Sweden and the United States ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Oslo, Oslo.
   Google Scholar
• Hay, D., & Pabsch, A. (2014). Act. react. impact: 2014 EUD election manifesto. In A. Pabsch (Ed.), UNCRPD implementation in Europe – A deaf perspective: Article 29, participation in political and public life (pp. 97–102). Brussels: European Union of the Deaf.
   Google Scholar
• Hostin, T. D. (1988). The political involvement of a select deaf adult population. The Deaf American, 38(2), 13–16.
   Google Scholar
• International Telecommunications Union. Total conversation. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/com16/accessibility/Pages/conversation.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Keenon, A., & Atkinson, V. (2015, July 25–31). Empowering deaf communities through political participation and inclusion. Paper presented at the World Federation of the Deaf Congress, Istanbul, Turkey.
   Google Scholar
• Kósa, A. (2014). Exercising the right to stand as candidates in elections to the European parliament (Article 20 TFEU). In A. Pabsch (Ed.), UNCRPD implementation in Europe – A deaf perspective: Article 29, participation in political and public life (pp. 85–88). Brussels: European Union of the Deaf.
   Google Scholar
• Lomicky, C. S., & Hogg, N. M. (2010). Computer-mediated communication and protest: An examination of social movement activities at Gallaudet, a university for the Deaf. Information, Communication & Society, 13(5), 674–695. doi: 10.1080/13691180903214515
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher, J. (1996). Seeing language in sign. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mathers, M. (2012). Maiden speech to the house. Retrieved July 27, 2016, from https://home.greens.org.nz/speeches/mojo-mathers-maiden-speech-house
   Google Scholar
• Mattila, M., & Papageorgiou, A. (2016).  Disability, perceived discrimination and political participation. International Political Science Review, doi: 0192512116655813
   Google Scholar
• McCleary, L. (2003). Technologies of language and the embodied history of the deaf. Sign Language Studies, 3(2), 104–124. doi: 10.1353/sls.2003.0002
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, R. K., & Vaccari, C. (2013). Do people “like” politicians on Facebook? Not really. Large-scale direct candidate-to-voter online communication as an outlier phenomenon. International Journal of Communication, 7, 2333–2356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pabsch, A. (2014). Lessons from the 2013 EUD UNCRPD survey. In A. Pabsch (Ed.), UNCRPD implementation in Europe – A deaf perspective: Article 29, participation in political and public life (pp. 76–84). Brussels: European Union of the Deaf.
   Google Scholar
• Painter, J., & Jeffrey, A. (2009). Political Geography: An introduction to space and power. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Pattie, C., & Johnston, R. (2001). Talk as a political context: Conversation and electoral change in British elections, 1992–1997. Electoral Studies, 20, 17–40. doi: 10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00032-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilling, D., Fleming, S., Pechey, B. Barrett, & Floyd, M. (2006). OFCOM: Feasibility of additional telephone relay services. Final Report. City University. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/telecomsresearch/relayreport.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Power, M. R., Power, D., & Horstmanshof, L. (2007). Deaf people communicating via SMS, TTY, relay service, fax, and computers in Australia. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 12(1), 80–92. doi:10.1093/deafed/enl016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers, S., Gregory, S., & Thoutenhoofd, E. D. (1999) The educational achievements of deaf children: A literature review executive summary. Deafness & Education International, 1(1), 1–9. doi:10.1002/dei.38
   Google Scholar
• Roots, J. (1999). The politics of visual language: Deafness, language choice, and political socialization. Ottawa: Carleton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenstock, R. (2015). Comprehension of expository International sign. In R. Rosenstock & J. Napier (Eds.), International sign: Linguistic, usage and status Issues (pp. 84–104). Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, D., & Demko, R. (2013). Reducing the social isolation of rural Deaf Albertans. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.ardn.ca/documents/ARDN-01620-Final20Report20to20HS.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Parliament Education and Culture Committee. (2015). Stage 1 report on the British sign language (Scotland) Bill. Retrieved April 27, 2015, from http://www.parliament.scot/S4_EducationandCultureCommittee/Reports/edR-15-04w.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, S., & Roberson, L. (2013). Social connectedness of deaf retirees. Educational Gerontology, 39(10), 750–760. doi: 10.1080/03601277.2012.734165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skelton, T., & Valentine, G. (2003). Political participation, political action and political identities: Young d/deaf people's perspectives. Space and Polity, 7(2), 1171–134. doi: 10.1080/1356257032000133892
   Google Scholar
• Snellen, I. (2002). Electronic governance: Implications for citizens, politicians and public. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 68(2), 183–198. doi: 10.1177/0020852302682002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solvang, P. K., & Haualand, H. (2014). Accessibility and diversity: Deaf space in action. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 16(1), 1–13. doi: 10.1080/15017419.2012.761158
   Google Scholar
• Stanyer, J. (2005). The British public and political attitude expression: The emergence of a self-expressive political culture? Contemporary Politics, 11(1), 19–32. doi: 10.1080/13569770500098623
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, H. (2014). Effective participation as a deaf sign language user in mainstream politics. In A. Pabsch (Ed.), UNCRPD implementation in Europe – A deaf perspective: Article 29, participation in political and public life (pp. 112–118). Brussels: European Union of the Deaf.
   Google Scholar
• Symeonidou, S. (2009). The experience of disability activism through the development of the disability movement: How do disabled activists find their way in politics? Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 11(1), 17–34. doi: 10.1080/15017410802461905
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, R. L. (2011). Radicalization and the use of social media. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 167–190. doi: 10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.8
   Google Scholar
• Turner, G. H., & Napier, J. (2014). On the importance of professional sign language interpreting to political participation. In A. Pabsch (Ed.), UNCRPD Series: Political participation (pp. 54–71). Brussels: European Union of the Deaf.
   Google Scholar
• Valentine, G., & Skelton, T. (2007). The right to be heard: Citizenship and language. Political Geography, 26(2), 121–140. doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine, G., & Skelton, T. (2008). Changing spaces: The role of the Internet in shaping deaf geographies. Social & Cultural Geography, 9(5), 469–485. doi: 10.1080/14649360802175691
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine, G., & Skelton, T. (2009). An umbilical cord to the world. Information, Communication & Society, 12(1), 44–65. doi: 10.1080/13691180802158573
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernon, M., & Estes, C. C. (1975). Deaf leadership and political activism. The Deaf American, 28(3), 3–6.
   Google Scholar