Platform labor: on the gendered and racialized exploitation of low-income service work in the ‘on-demand’ economy

References

• Adkins, L. (2016). Contingent labour and the rewriting of the sexual contract. In L. Adkins & M. Dever (Eds.), The Post-Fordist sexual contract: Working and living in contingency (pp. 1–27). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Aloisi, A. (2016). Commoditized workers. Case study research on labour law issues arising from a set of ‘on-demand/gig economy’ platforms. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, 37, 653–690.
   Google Scholar
• Atanasoski, N., & Vora, K. (2015). Surrogate humanity: Posthuman networks and the (racialized) obsolescence of labor. Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience, 1(1), 1–40.
   Google Scholar
• Ben Letaifa, S. (2014). The uneasy transition from supply chains to ecosystems: The value-creation/value-capture dilemma. Management Decision, 52(2), 278–295. doi: 10.1108/MD-06-2013-0329
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhuiyan, J. (2016). Contracts and chaos: Inside Uber’s customer service struggles. Buzzfeed. Retrieved from https://www.buzzfeed.com/johanabhuiyan/contracts-and-chaos-inside-ubers-customer-service-struggles?utm_term=.esaalPPnx#.ikb3vBBYq
   Google Scholar
• Booth, A. (2015). The sharing economy, the future of jobs, and ‘postcapitalism’– part one. International Marxist Tendency. Retrieved from http://www.marxist.com/the-sharing-economy-the-future-of-jobs-and-postcapitalism-part-one.htm
   Google Scholar
• Cagle, S. (2015). Quantifying crisis from a position of comfort: Why the current state of labor economics is a bummer. Patreon. Retrieved from https://www.patreon.com/posts/quantifying-from-3540968
   Google Scholar
• Chayka, K. (2015). It’s like Uber for janitors, with one huge difference. Bloomberg News. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-10-09/it-s-like-uber-for-janitors-with-one-big-difference
   Google Scholar
• Cherry, M. A. (2015). Beyond misclassification: The digital transformation of work. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, 52, 577–602.
   Google Scholar
• Christie, R. (2016). Airbnb leads call for EU to block nations’ sharing-economy laws. Bloomberg Technology. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-11/airbnb-leads-call-for-eu-to-block-nations-sharing-economy-laws
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. doi: 10.2307/1229039
   Google Scholar
• DePillis, L. (2014). At the Uber for home cleaning, workers pay a price for convenience. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/storyline/wp/2014/09/10/at-the-uber-for-home-cleaning-workers-pay-a-price-for-convenience/
   Google Scholar
• Duffy, M. (2007). Doing the dirty work: Gender, race, and reproductive labor in historical perspective. Gender & Society, 21(3), 313–336. doi: 10.1177/0891243207300764
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Federici, S. (2012). Revolution at point zero: Housework, reproduction, and feminist struggle. Oakland, CA: PM Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fiegerman, S. (2015). Airbnb prepares for war by hiring the man who helped Bill Clinton survive impeachment. Mashable. Retrieved from http://mashable.com/2015/08/27/airbnb-preps-for-political-war/#R5KXUBlq88qB
   Google Scholar
• Glenn, E. N. (1992). From servitude to service work: Historical continuities in the racial division of paid reproductive labor. Signs, 18(1), 1–43. doi: 10.1086/494777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, K. L. (2012). Intersecting oppressions and online communities: Examining the experiences of women of color in Xbox Live. Information, Communication & Society, 15(3), 411–428. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2011.642401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griswold, A. (2016). The scariest thing about the gig economy is how little we actually know about it. Quartz. Retrieved from http://qz.com/614218/t/350438/
   Google Scholar
• Guyer, J. I. (2010). The eruption of tradition? On ordinality and calculation. Anthropological Theory, 10(1–2), 123–131. doi: 10.1177/1463499610365378
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haraway, D. (1991/2006). A cyborg manifesto: Science, technology, and socialist-feminism in the late 20th century. In J. Weiss, J. Nolan, J. Hunsinger, & P. Trifonas (Eds.), The international handbook of virtual learning environments (pp. 117–158). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. (2007). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hathaway, I., & Muro, M. (2016). Tracking the gig economy: New numbers (Brookings Institute report). Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/research/tracking-the-gig-economy-new-numbers/
   Google Scholar
• Hill, S. (2015). Raw deal: How the ‘Uber economy’ and runaway capitalism are screwing American workers. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Holbraad, M., Pedersen, M. A., & Viveiros de Castro, E. (2014). The politics of ontology: Anthropological positions. Cultural Anthropology Fieldsights. Retrieved from https://culanth.org/fieldsights/462-the-politics-of-ontology-anthropological-positions
   Google Scholar
• Irani, L. (2015). Difference and dependence among digital workers: The case of Amazon Mechanical Turk. South Atlantic Quarterly, 114(1), 225–234. doi: 10.1215/00382876-2831665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamdar, A. (2016). Why some gig economy startups are reclassifying workers as employees. Onlabor. Retrieved from https://onlabor.org/2016/02/19/why-some-gig-economy-startups-are-reclassifying-workers-as-employees/
   Google Scholar
• Kirsch, R., Warren, D., & Shen, A. (2015). Blueprint to empower workers for shared prosperity (Roosevelt Institute report). Retrieved from http://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Blueprint-to-Empower-Workers.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, B. (2016). The custodians. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/11/the-custodians-onward-and-upward-with-the-arts-ben-lerner
   Google Scholar
• Lobenstine, L., & Bailey, K. (2014). Redlining the adjacent possible: Youth and communities of color face the (not) new future of (not) work (Open Society Foundation position paper). Retrieved from http://static.opensocietyfoundations.org/misc/future-of-work/the-informal-economy-and-the-evolving-hustle.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lomas, N. (2016). Uber appoints former EC VP Neelie Kroes to its public policy board. TechnCrunch. Retrieved from https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/06/uber-appoints-former-ec-vp-neelie-kroes-to-its-public-policy-board/
   Google Scholar
• Mahmud, T. (2012). Debt and discipline. American Quarterly, 64(3), 469–494. doi: 10.1353/aq.2012.0027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbembe, J. A. (2004). Aesthetics of superfluity. Public Culture, 16(3), 373–405. doi: 10.1215/08992363-16-3-373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKittrick, K. (2013). Plantation futures. Small Axe, 17(3), 1–15. doi: 10.1215/07990537-2378892
   Google Scholar
• Mirani, L. (2014). The secret to the Uber economy is wealth inequality. Quartz. Retrieved from http://qz.com/312537/the-secret-to-the-uber-economy-is-wealth-inequality/
   Google Scholar
• Morozov, E. (2014). To save everything, click here: The folly of technological solutionism. New York, NY: Public Affairs.
   Google Scholar
• Moten, F., & Harney, S. (2013). The undercommons: Fugitive planning and black study. New York, NY: Minor Compositions.
   Google Scholar
• Neff, G. (2012). Venture labor: Work and the burden of risk in innovative industries. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Donovan, C. (2016). If most of your income comes from on-demand work, you’re probably a racial minority. Buzzfeed News. Retrieved from https://www.buzzfeed.com/carolineodonovan/if-most-of-your-income-comes-from-on-demand-work-youre-proba?utm_term=.torj7GGz3#.rhw4P88Le
   Google Scholar
• Parks, L. (2012). Technostruggles and the satellite dish: A populist approach to infrastructure. In G. Bolin (Ed.), Cultural technologies: The shaping of culture in media and society (pp. 64–84). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Pateman, C. (1988). The sexual contract. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2012). Politicizing contingent work: Countering neoliberal labor market regulation … from the bottom up? South Atlantic Quarterly, 111(4), 741–761. doi: 10.1215/00382876-1724165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2013). Selling flexibility: Temporary staffing in a volatile economy. In J. Fudge & K. Strauss (Eds.), Temporary work, agencies and unfree labour: Insecurity in the new world of work (pp. 26–47). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Peck, J., & Tickell, A. (2002). Neoliberalizing space. Antipode, 34(3), 380–404. doi: 10.1111/1467-8330.00247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Povinelli, E. A. (2014). Geontologies of the otherwise. Cultural Anthropology Fieldsights. Retrieved from https://culanth.org/fieldsights/465-geontologies-of-the-otherwise
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, B. (2015). Social costs of Uber. The University of Chicago Law Review Dialogue, 82(85), 85–102.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, B. (2016). Employment rights in the platform economy: Getting back to basics. Harvard Law & Policy Review, 10, 479–520.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenblat, A., & Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic labor and information asymmetries: A case study of Uber’s drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758–3784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossiter, N. (2015). Coded vanilla: Logistical media and the determination of action. South Atlantic Quarterly, 114(1), 135–152. doi: 10.1215/00382876-2831334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Said, C. (2015). Uber, Lyft, Airbnb harness users to lobby lawmakers for them. SFGate. Retrieved from http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Uber-Lyft-Airbnb-harness-users-to-lobby-6005562.php
   Google Scholar
• Sassen, S. (2002). Global cities and survival circuits. In B. Ehrenreich & A. Hochschild (Eds.), Global woman: Nannies, maids, and sex workers in the new economy (pp. 254–274). New York, NY: Henry Holt.
   Google Scholar
• Scholz, T., & Schneider, N. (2016). Ours to hack and to own: The rise of platform cooperativism, a new vision for the future of work and a fairer internet. New York, NY: OR Books.
   Google Scholar
• Singer, N. (2014). In the sharing economy, workers find both freedom and uncertainty. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/technology/in-the-sharing-economy-workers-find-both-freedom-and-uncertainty.html?_r=0
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. (2016). Gig work, online selling and home-sharing (Pew Research Center report). Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/11/17/gig-work-online-selling-and-home-sharing/
   Google Scholar
• Starner, T. (2015). Has ‘workforce-as-a-service’ arrived? HR Dive. Retrieved from http://www.hrdive.com/news/has-workforce-as-a-service-arrived/402237/
   Google Scholar
• Tomassetti, J. (2016, June). It’s none of our business: The postindustrial corporation and the guy with a car as entrepreneur. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics, Berkeley, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Tyner, J. A. (2013). Population geography I: Surplus populations. Progress in Human Geography, 37(5), 701–711. doi: 10.1177/0309132512473924
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Alstyne, M. W., Parker, G. G., & Choudary, S. P. (2016). Pipelines, platforms, and the new rules of strategy. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2016/04/pipelines-platforms-and-the-new-rules-of-strategy
   Google Scholar
• Van Doorn, N. (2014). The neoliberal subject of value: Measuring human capital in information economies. Cultural Politics, 10(3), 354–375. doi: 10.1215/17432197-2795729
   Google Scholar
• Wilderson, F., III. (2003). Gramsci's black Marx: Whither the slave in civil society? Social Identities, 9(2), 225–240. doi: 10.1080/1350463032000101579
   Google Scholar
• Yeung, K. (2016). TaskRabbit’s app update focuses on getting tasks done in under 90 minutes. VentureBeat. Retrieved from http://venturebeat.com/2016/03/01/taskrabbits-app-update-focuses-on-getting-tasks-done-in-under-90-minutes/
   Google Scholar
• Young, B. (2001). The ‘mistress’ and the ‘maid’ in the globalized economy. Socialist Register, 37, 315–327.
   Google Scholar