2,542
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Online propaganda use during Islamist radicalization

ORCID Icon &
Pages 1570-1592 | Received 16 Aug 2018, Accepted 07 Mar 2019, Published online: 26 Mar 2019

References

  • Abrahms, M., Beauchamp, N., & Mroszczyk, J. (2017). What terrorist leaders want: A content analysis of terrorist propaganda videos. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40, 899–916. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2016.1248666
  • Aly, A., Macdonald, S., Jarvis, L., & Chen, T. M. (2017). Introduction to the special issue: Terrorist online propaganda and radicalization. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40, 1–9. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2016.1157402
  • Andersen, J. C., & Sandberg, S. (2018). Islamic State propaganda: Between social movement framing and subcultural provocation. Terrorism and Political Violence. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2018.1484356
  • Baines, P. R., & O’Shaughnessy, N. J. (2014). Al-Qaeda messaging evolution and positioning, 1998–2008: Propaganda analysis revisited. Public Relations Inquiry, 3, 163–191. doi: 10.1177/2046147X14536723
  • Baines, P. R., O’Shaughnessy, N. J., Moloney, K., Richards, B., Butler, S., & Gill, M. (2010). The dark side of political marketing. Islamist propaganda, reversal theory and British Muslims. European Journal of Marketing, 44(3/4), 478–495. doi: 10.1108/03090561011020543
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  • Basra, R., & Neumann, P. R. (2016). Criminal pasts, terrorist futures: European jihadists and the new crime-terror nexus. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 25–40.
  • Bloom, M. (2017). Constructing expertise: Terrorist recruitment and “talent spotting” in the PIRA, Al Qaeda, and ISIS. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40, 603–623. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2016.1237219
  • Bogner, A., Littig, B., & Menz, W. (2009). Interviewing experts. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Borum, R. (2011a). Radicalization into violent extremism I: A review of social science theories. Journal of Strategic Security. Perspectives on Radicalization and Involvement in Terrorism, 4(4), 7–36. doi: 10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.1
  • Borum, R. (2011b). Radicalization into violent extremism II: A review of conceptual models and empirical research. Journal of Strategic Security. Perspectives on Radicalization and Involvement in Terrorism, 4(4), 37–62. doi: 10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.2
  • Boutz, J., Benninger, H., & Lancaster, A. (2018). Exploiting the Prophet’s authority: How Islamic State propaganda uses hadith quotation to assert legitimacy. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 41, 1–25. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2016.1266896
  • Carter, J. A., Maher, S., & Neumann, P. (2014). # Greenbirds: Measuring importance and influence in Syrian foreign fighter networks. Retrieved from http://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ICSR-Report-Greenbirds-Measuring-Importance-and-Infleunce-in-Syrian-Foreign-Fighter-Networks.pdf
  • Colas, B. (2017). What does Dabiq do? ISIS hermeneutics and organizational fractures within Dabiq magazine. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40, 173–190. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2016.1184062
  • della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2006). Social movements: An introduction (2nd ed.). Malden: Blackwell.
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  • Flick, U. (2014). An introduction to qualitative research. London: Sage.
  • Gambhir, H. K. (2014). Dabiq: The strategic messaging of the Islamic State. Retrieved from http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Dabiq%20Backgrounder_Harleen%20Final.pdf
  • Gendron, A. (2017). The call to jihad: Charismatic preachers and the internet. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 40, 44–61. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2016.1157406
  • Gratrud, H. (2016). Islamic State nasheeds as messaging tools. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39, 1050–1070. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2016.1159429
  • Ingram, H. J. (2016). An analysis of Islamic State’s Dabiq magazine. Australian Journal of Political Science, 51, 458–477. doi: 10.1080/10361146.2016.1174188
  • Ingram, H. J. (2017). An analysis of inspire and Dabiq: Lessons from AQAP and Islamic State’s propaganda war. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40, 357–375. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2016.1212551
  • Jowett, G. S., & O’Donnell, V. (2015). Propaganda & persuasion (6th ed.). Los Angeles/ London: Sage.
  • Kepel, G. (2017). Terror in France: The rise of jihad in the west. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press.
  • Khalil, J. (2017). A guide to interviewing terrorists and violent extremists. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism (Online First). doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2017.1385182
  • Knobloch-Westerwick, S. (2014). Choice and preference in media use: Advances in selective exposure theory and research. New York: Routledge.
  • Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M. J., Bélanger, J. J., Sheveland, A., Hetiarachchi, M., & Gunaratna, R. (2014). The psychology of radicalization and deradicalization: How significance quest impacts violent extremism. Political Psychology, 35, 69–93. doi: 10.1111/pops.12163
  • Lakomy, M. (2018). “One of the two good outcomes”: Turning defeats into victories in the Islamic State’s flagship magazine Rumiyah. Terrorism and Political Violence. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2018.1506335
  • Macdonald, S., & Lorenzo-Dus, N. (2019). Visual jihad: Constructing the “Good Muslim” in online jihadist magazines. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2018.1559508
  • Mahood, S., & Rane, H. (2017). Islamist narratives in ISIS recruitment propaganda. The Journal of International Communication, 23, 15–35. doi: 10.1080/13216597.2016.1263231
  • Mayring, P. (2014). Qualitative content analysis: Theoretical foundation, basic procedures and software solution. Klagenfurt. Retrieved from http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-395173
  • McCauley, C., & Moskalenko, S. (2008). Mechanisms of political radicalization: Pathways toward terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 20, 415–433. doi: 10.1080/09546550802073367
  • Meleagrou-Hitchens, A., & Kaderbhai, N. (2017). Research perspectives on online radicalisation. A literature review 2006–2016. Retrieved from http://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ResearchPerspectivesonOnlineRadicalisation.pdf
  • Meuser, M., & Nagel, U. (2009). Das Experteninterview – konzeptionelle Grundlagen und methodische Anlage. In S. Pickel, G. Pickel, H. J. Lauth, & D. Jahn (Eds.), Methoden der vergleichenden Politik-und Sozialwissenschaft. Neue Entwicklungen und Anwendungen. Wiesbaden (pp. 465–479). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
  • Milton, D. (2016). Communication breakdown: Unraveling the Islamic States media efforts. Retrieved from https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ISMedia_Online.pdf
  • Moghaddam, F. M. (2005). The staircase to terrorism: A psychological exploration. American Psychologist, 60, 161–169. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.60.2.161
  • Mozaffari, M. (2007). What is Islamism? History and definition of a concept. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 8, 17–33. doi: 10.1080/14690760601121622
  • Nacos, B. L. (2016). Mass-mediated terrorism: Mainstream and digital media in terrorism and counterterrorism. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Neumann, P. R. (2013a). Options and strategies for countering online radicalization in the United States. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 36, 431–459. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2013.784568
  • Neumann, P. R. (2013b). The trouble with radicalization. International Affairs, 89, 873–893. doi: 10.1111/1468-2346.12049
  • Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A., Levy, D. A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2017). Reuters institute digital news report 2017. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3026082
  • Payne, K. (2009). Winning the battle of ideas: Propaganda, ideology, and terror. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32, 109–128. doi: 10.1080/10576100802627738
  • Rane, H. (2016). Narratives and counter-narratives of Islamist extremism. In A. Aly, S. Macdonald, L. Jarvis, & T. Chen (Eds.), Violent extremism online: New perspectives on terrorism and the internet (pp. 167–186). London; New York: Routledge.
  • Rieger, D., Frischlich, L., & Bente, G. (2013). Propaganda 2.0: Psychological effects of right-wing and Islamic extremist internet videos. München: Luchterhand.
  • Rothenberger, L., Müller, K., & Elmezeny, A. (2018). The discursive construction of terrorist group identity. Terrorism and Political Violence, 30, 428–453. doi:10.1080/09546553.2015.1108310 doi: 10.1080/09546553.2016.1180288
  • Roy, O. (2003). EuroIslam: The jihad within? The National Interest, 71, 63–73.
  • Roy, O. (2017). Jihad and death: The global appeal of the Islamic State. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (2009). Radicalization: A guide for the perplexed. Retrieved from https://cryptome.org/2015/06/rcmp-radicalization.pdf
  • Sageman, M. (2004). Understanding terror networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Salem, A., Reid, E., & Chen, H. (2008). Multimedia content coding and analysis: Unraveling the content of jihadi extremist groups’ videos. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31, 605–626. doi:10.1080/10576100802144072.
  • Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 49, 103–122. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x
  • Schlosser, J. A. (2008). Issues in interviewing inmates: Navigating the methodological landmines of prison research. Qualitative Inquiry, 14, 1500–1525. doi: 10.1177/1077800408318325
  • Schmitt, J., Rieger, D., Rutkowski, O., & Ernst, J. (2018). Counter-messages as prevention or promotion of extremism?! The potential role of YouTube recommendation algorithms. Journal of Communication. doi: 10.1093/joc/jqy029
  • Schmuck, D., Matthes, J., & Paul, F. H. (2017). Negative stereotypical portrayals of Muslims in right-wing populist campaigns: Perceived discrimination, social identity threats, and hostility among young Muslim adults. Journal of Communication, 67, 610–634. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12313
  • Silverman, T. (2017). U.K. foreign fighters to Syria and Iraq: The need for a real community engagement approach. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40, 1091–1107. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2016.1253991
  • Snow, D. A., Zurcher Jr, L. A., & Ekland-Olson, S. (1980). Social networks and social movements: A microstructural approach to differential recruitment. American Sociological Review, 787–801. doi: 10.2307/2094895
  • Thomas, W. I., & Thomas, D. S. (1928). The methodology of behavior study. In W. I. Thomas, & D. S. Thomas (Eds.), The child in America: Behaviour problems and programs (pp. 553–576). New York: Alfred A.
  • Tibi, B. (2009). Islam’s predicament with modernity: Religious reform and cultural change. London: Routledge.
  • Torres Soriano, M. R. (2010). The road to media Jihad: The propaganda actions of al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Terrorism and Political Violence, 23, 72–88. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2010.512839
  • Venkatesh, V., Podoshen, J. S., Wallin, J., Rabah, J., & Glass, D. (2018). Promoting extreme violence: Visual and narrative analysis of select ultraviolent terror propaganda videos produced by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in 2015 and 2016. Terrorism and Political Violence. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2018.1516209
  • Vidino, L. (2010). Countering radicalization in America: Lessons from Europe. Retrieved from https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR262%20-%20Countering_Radicalization_in_America.pdf
  • Visser, P. S., Holbrook, A. L., & Krosnick, J. A. (2008). Knowledge and attitudes. In W. Donsbach & M. W. Traugott (Eds.), Handbook of public opinion research (pp. 127–140). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Watkin, A.-L., & Looney, S. (2018). “The lions of tomorrow”: A news value analysis of child images in Jihadi magazines. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2018.1513696
  • Weimann, G. (2015). Terrorism in cyberspace: The next generation. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Weimann, G. (2016). The emerging role of social media in the recruitment of foreign fighters. In A. de Guttry, F. Capone, & C. Paulussen (Eds.), Foreign fighters under international law and beyond (pp. 77–95). The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press.
  • Wiktorowicz, Q. (2004). Joining the cause: Al-Muhajiroun and radical Islam. Paper presented at “The Roots of Islamic Radicalism” Conference, Yale University). Retrieved from http://yale.edu/polisci/info/conferences/Islamic%20Radicalism/papers/wiktorowicz-paper.pdf
  • Wiktorowicz, Q. (2006). Anatomy of the Salafi movement. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 29, 207–239. doi: 10.1080/10576100500497004
  • Wilbur, D. (2017). Propaganda’s place in strategic communication: The case of ISIL’s Dabiq magazine. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 11, 209–223. doi: 10.1080/1553118X.2017.1317636
  • Winter, C. (2015). The virtual ‘caliphate’: Understanding Islamic State’s propaganda strategy. Quilliam Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.quilliaminternational.com/shop/e-publications/the-virtual-caliphate-understanding-islamic-states-propaganda-strategy/
  • Winter, C. (2018). Apocalypse, later: A longitudinal study of the Islamic State brand. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 35, 103–121. doi: 10.1080/15295036.2017.1393094
  • Zelin, A. Y. (2015). Picture or it didn’t happen: A snapshot of the Islamic State’s official media output. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(4), 85–97. doi: 10.1080/15295036.2017.1393094

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.