References
- Ayres, J. M. (2005). Transnational activism in the Americas: The internet and innovations in the repertoire of contention. In P. G. Coy (Ed.), Research in social movements, conflict and change (Vol. 26, pp. 35–61).
- Bennett, W. L., & Livingston, S. (2018). The disinformation order: Disruptive communication and the decline of democratic institutions. European Journal of Communication, 33(2), 122–139. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323118760317
- Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661
- Bennett, W. L., Segerberg, A., & Knüpfer, C. B. (2017). The democratic interface: Technology, political organization, and diverging patterns of electoral representation. Information, Communication & Society, 21(11), 1655–1680. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1348533
- Bob, C. (2013). The global right wing and theories of transnational advocacy. The International Spectator, 48(4), 71–85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2013.847685
- Bradshaw, S., & Howard, P. N. (2017). Troops, trolls and troublemakers: A global inventory of organized social media manipulation (Working paper no. 2017.12.). Computational Propaganda Research Project. University of Oxford. http://comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/89/2017/07/Troops-Trolls-and-Troublemakers.pdf
- Braouezec, K. (2016). Identifying common patterns of discourse and strategy among the new extremist movements in Europe: The case of the English Defence League and the Bloc Identitaire. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 37(6), 637–648. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2016.1235023
- Brubaker, R. (2017). Between nationalism and civilizationism: The European populist moment in comparative perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(8), 1191–1226. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1294700
- De Cleen, B., Moffitt, B., Panayotu, P., & Stavrakakis, Y. (2019). The potentials and difficulties of transnational populism: The case of the democracy in Europe movement 2025 (DiEM25). Political Studies, 68(1), 146–166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321719847576
- Drüeke, R., & Klaus, E. (2019). Die Instrumentalisierung von Frauen*rechten in rechten Diskursen am Beispiel der Kampagne #120db. GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 11(3), 84–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3224/gender.v11i3.06
- Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
- Farris, S. R. (2017). In the name of women’s rights: The rise of femonationalism. Duke University Press.
- Gallagher, R. J., Reagan, A. J., Danforth, C. M., & Dodds, P. S. (2018). Divergent discourse between protests and counter-protests: #BlackLivesMatter and #AllLivesMatter. PLoS ONE, 13(4), Article e0195644. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195644
- Gallagher, R. J., Stowell, E., Parker, A. G., & Foucault Welles, B. (2019). Reclaiming stigmatized narratives: The networked disclosure landscape of #MeToo. Proceedings of the ACM on Human–Computer Interaction, 3(CSCW), 1–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3359198
- George Washington University. (2016). Social Feed Manager. Zenodo.
- Hecht, B., Hong, L., Suh, B., & Chi, E. H. (2011). Tweets from Justin Bieber’s heart: The dynamics of the “location” field in user profiles. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 237–246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1978976
- Hoffmann, M., & Heft, A. (2020). “Here, there and everywhere”: Classifying location information in social media data – Possibilities and limitations. Communication Methods and Measures, 14(3), 184–203. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2019.1708282
- Identitäre Bewegung. (2018, January 31). Frauen wehrt euch! 120 Dezibel #120db [Women fight back! 120 decibles #120db]. Retrieved August 20, 2018, from. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSXphiFknyQ
- Identitäre Bewegung. (n.d.). Identitäre Bewegung: Erhalt der Ethnokulturellen Identität [Identitarian Movement: Conservation of Ethno-Cultural Identity]. Identitäre Bewegung. https://www.identitaere-bewegung.de/category/politische-forderungen/translation
- Jackson, S. J., & Foucault Welles, B. (2015). Hijacking #myNYPD: Social media dissent and networked counterpublics. Journal of Communication, 65(6), 932–952. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12185
- Klein, A. (2012). Slipping racism into the mainstream: A theory of information laundering. Communication Theory, 22(4), 427–448. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2012.01415.x
- Knüpfer, C. B., & Entman, R. M. (2018). Framing conflicts in digital and transnational media environments. Media, War & Conflict, 11(4), 476–488. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635218796381
- Lünenborg, M. (2020). Affective Publics: Understanding the dynamic formation of public articulations beyond the public sphere. In A. Fleig, & C. von Scheve (Eds.), Public spheres of resonance constellations of affect and language (pp. 30–48). Routledge.
- Lyons, M. N. (2017). Ctrl-Alt-Delete: An antifascist report on the alternative right. In K. Kersplebedeb (Ed.), Ctrl-Alt-Delete (pp. 5–50). Kersplebedeb Publishing and Distribution.
- Mahdavi, P. (2018, March 6). How #MeToo became a global movement. Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2018-03-06/how-metoo-became-global-movement
- Marwick, A. E., & Caplan, R. (2018). Drinking male tears: Language, the manosphere, and networked harassment. Feminist Media Studies, 18(4), 543–559. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1450568
- Meraz, S., & Papacharissi, Z. (2013). Networked gatekeeping and networked framing on #Egypt. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 18(2), 138–166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161212474472
- Nominatim. (2018). Nominatim. https://nominatim.org
- Puschmann, C., Ausserhofer, J., Maan, N., & Hametner, M. (2016). Information laundering and counter-publics: The news sources of Islamophobic groups on Twitter. In Workshops of the tenth international AAAI conference on web and social Media: technical report WS-16-19 (pp. 143–150). AAAI Press.
- Rodino-Colocino, M. (2018). Me too, #MeToo: Countering cruelty with empathy. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 15(1), 96–100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14791420.2018.1435083
- Rucht, D., & Teune, S. (2017). Einleitung: Das Protestgeschehen in der Bundesrepublik seit den 1980er Jahren zwischen Kontinuität und Wandel. In P. Daphi, N. Deitelhoff, D. Rucht, & S. Teune (Eds.), Protest in Bewegung? Zum Wandel von Bedingungen, Formen und Effekten politischen Protests (1st ed., pp. 9–34). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG.
- Schenk, M. (2007). Medienwirkungsforschung. Mohr Siebeck.
- Sobieraj, S. (2018). Bitch, slut, skank, cunt: Patterned resistance to women’s visibility in digital publics. Information, Communication & Society, 21(11), 1700–1714. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1348535
- Sorce, G. (2018). Sounding the alarm for right-wing #MeToo: “120 Dezibel” in Germany. Feminist Media Studies, 18(6), 1123–1126. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1532146
- Stewart, L. G., Arif, A., Nied, A. C., Spiro, E. S., & Starbird, K. (2017). Drawing the lines of contention: Networked frame contests within #BlackLivesMatter discourse. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 1(CSCW), 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3134920
- Sullivan, A. (2018, January). It’s time to resist the excesses of #MeToo. New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/01/andrew-sullivan-time-to-resist-excesses-of-metoo.html
- Takhteyev, Y., Gruzd, A., & Wellman, B. (2012). Geography of Twitter networks. Social Networks, 34(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2011.05.006
- Veil, S. R., Reno, J., Freihaut, R., & Oldham, J. (2015). Online activists vs. Kraft foods: A case of social media hijacking. Public Relations Review, JAI, 41(1), 103–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PUBREV.2014.11.017
- Wardle, C., & Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information disorder – Toward and interdisciplinary framework for research and policymaking. Council of Europe.
- Wilken, R. (2014). Twitter and geographical location. In K. Weller, A. Bruns, J. Burgess, M. Mahrt, & C. Puschmann (Eds.), Twitter and society (pp. 155–167). Peter Lang.
- Wright, S. A. (2009). Strategic framing of racial-nationalism in North America and Europe: An analysis of a burgeoning transnational network. Terrorism and Political Violence, 21(2), 189–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550802544565
- Xu, W. W. (2020). Mapping connective actions in the global alt-right and antifa counterpublics. International Journal of Communication, 14(2020), 1070–1091. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/11978/2978-