- Abu-Lughod , J. 1991 . “ 'Going beyond global babble' ” . In Culture, Globalization and the World-System , Edited by: King , A.D. 131 – 7 . London : Macmillan .
- Al-AIi , N. , Black , R. and Koser , K. 2001 . 'Refugees and transnationalism: the experience of Bosnians and Eritreans in Europe' . Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 27 (4) : 615 – 34 .
- Anderson , B. 1994 . 'Exodus' . Critical Inquiry , 20 (2) : 314 – 27 .
- Anthias , F. 1998 . 'Evaluating "diaspora": beyond ethnicity?' . Sociology , 32 (3) : 557 – 80 .
- Appadurai , A. 1996 . Modernity at large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
- Armstrong , J.A. 1976 . 'Mobilized and proletarian diasporas' . American Political Science Review , 70 (2) : 393 – 408 .
- Earth , F. 1969 . “ 'Introduction' ” . In Ethnic Groups and Boundaries , Edited by: Earth , F. 9 – 38 . Bergen : Universitetsforlaget .
- Basch , L. , Click Schiller , N. and Szanton Blanc , C. 1994 . Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments and Deterritorialized Nation-States , Basle : Gordon & Breach .
- Beck , U. 1999 . What is Globalization? , Cambridge : Polity .
- Bloch , A. 2000 . 'Refugee settlement in Britain: the impact of policy on participation' . Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 26 (1) : 75 – 88 .
- Bousquet , G. 1991 . Behind the Bamboo Hedge: The Impact of Homeland Politics in the Parisian Vietnamese Community , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press .
- Brah , A. 1996 . Cartographies of Diaspora , London : Routledge .
- Clifford , J. 1994 . 'Diasporas' . Cultural Anthropology , 9 (3) : 302 – 38 .
- Clifford , J. 1997 . Routes: Travel and Translation in the late Twentieth Century , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- Cohen , A. 1969 . Custom and Politics in Urban Africa , Berkeley : University of California Press .
- Cohen , R. 1995 . 'Rethinking "Babylon": iconoclastic conceptions of the diasporic experience' . New Community , 21 (1) : 5 – 18 .
- Cohen , R. 1997 . Global Diasporas: An Introduction , London : UCL Press .
- Faist , T. 1998 . 'Transnational social spaces out of international migration: evolution, significance and future prospects' . Archives Européennes de Sociologie , 39 (2) : 213 – 47 .
- Faist , T. 1999 . “ 'Developing transnational social space: the Turkish-German example' ” . In Migration and Transnational Social Spaces , Edited by: Pries , L. 36 – 72 . Aldershot : Ashgate .
- Faist , T. 2000a . The Volume and Dynamics of International Migration and Transnational Social Spaces , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Faist , T. 2000b . 'Transnationalization in international migration: implications for the study of citizenship and culture' . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 23 (2) : 189 – 222 .
- FaIk , S. 1998 . 'Dimensionen kurdischer Ethnizität und Politisierung: Das ethnic revival von Kurden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland' . Zeitschrift fßr Türkeistudien , 1 (98) : 75 – 93 .
- Fuglerud , Ø. 1999 . Life on the Outside: The Tamil Diaspora and long-Distance Nationalism , London : Pluto Press .
- Gilroy , P. 1987 . There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack , Hutchinson : London .
- Gilroy , P. 1997 . “ 'Diaspora and the detours of identity' ” . In Identity and Difference , Edited by: Woodward , K. 299 – 343 . London : Sage .
- Glick Schiller , N. , Basch , L. and Blanc-Szanton , C. , eds. 1992 . Towards a Transnational Perspective on Migration: Race, Class, Ethnicity and Nationalism Reconsidered , New York : New York Academy of Science .
- Gold , S. 1992 . Refugee Communities: A Comparative Field Study , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
- Goodman , J. 2000 . 'Marginalisation and empowerment: East Timorese diaspora politics in Australia' . Communal/Plural , 8 (1) : 25 – 46 .
- Griffiths , D.J. 2000 . 'Fragmentation and consolidation: the contrasting cases of Somali and Kurdish refugees in London' . Journal of Refugee Studies , 13 (3) : 281 – 302 .
- Gupta , A. and Ferguson , J. , eds. 1997 . Culture, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology , Durham : Duke University Press .
- Hall , S. 1993 . “ 'Cultural identity and diaspora' ” . In Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory , Edited by: Williams , P. and Chrisman , L. 392 – 401 . New York : Harvester Wheateheaf .
- Hannerz , U. 1996 . Transnational Connections: Culture, People, Places , London : Routledge .
- Hassanpour , A. 1997 . “ 'MED-TV, Großbritannien und der Türkische Staat: Sie Suche einer staatenlosen Nation nach Souveränität' ” . In Ethnizität, Nationalismus, Religion und Politik in Kurdistan , Edited by: Borck , C. , Savelsberg , E. and Hajo , S. 239 – 78 . Münster : Lit Verlag .
- Hassanpour , A. 1998 . 'Satellite footprints as national borders: MED-TV and the extraterritoriality of state sovereignty' . Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs , 18 (1) : 53 – 72 .
- Kearney , M. 1995 . 'The local and the global: the anthropology of globalization and transnationalism' . Annual Review of Anthropology , 24 : 547 – 65 .
- Kibreab , G. 1999 . 'Revisiting the debate on people, place, identity and displacement' . Journal of Refugee Studies , 12 (4) : 384 – 428 .
- Kunz , E.F. 1973 . 'The refugee in flight: kinetic models and forms of displacement' . International Migration Review , 7 (2) : 125 – 46 .
- Labelle , M. and Midy , F. 1999 . 'Re-reading citizenship and the transnational practices of immigrants' . Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 25 (2) : 213 – 32 .
- Lie , J. 1995 . 'From international migration to transnational diaspora' . Contemporary Sociology , 24 (4) : 303 – 6 .
- Lyon , A. and Uçarer , E. 2001 . 'Mobilizing ethnic conflict: Kurdish separatism in Germany and the PKK' . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 24 (6) : 925 – 48 .
- Malkki , L. 1992 . 'National geographic: the rooting of peoples and the territorialization of national identity among scholars and refugees' . Cultural Anthropology , 7 (1) : 22 – 44 .
- Malkki , L. 1994 . 'Citizens of humanity: internationalism and the imagined community of nations' . Diaspora , 3 (1) : 41 – 68 .
- Malkki , L. 1995a . 'Refugees and exile: from "refugee studies" to the national order of things' . Annual Review of Anthropology , 24 : 495 – 523 .
- Malkki , L. 1995b . Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Marienstras , R. 1989 . “ 'On the notion of diaspora' ” . In Minority Peoples in the Age of Nation-States , Edited by: Chaliand , G. 119 – 25 . London : Pluto .
- McDowell , C. 1996 . A Tamil Asylum Diaspora , Oxford : Berghahn .
- Ong , A. and Nonini , D. 1997 . “ 'Toward a cultural politics of diaspora and transnationalism' ” . In Ungrounded Empires: The Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Transnationalism , Edited by: Ong , A. and Nonini , D. 323 – 32 . London : Routledge .
- Papastergiadis , N. 2000 . The Turbulence of Migration , Cambridge : Polity .
- Popkin , E. 1999 . 'Guatemalan Mayan migration to Los Angeles: constructing transnational linkages in the context of the settlement process' . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 22 (2) : 267 – 89 .
- Fortes , A. , Guarnizo , L.R and Landolt , P. 1999 . 'Introduction: pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field' . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 22 (2) : 217 – 37 .
- Rex , J. 1996 . “ 'Transnational migrant communities and ethnic minorities in modern multicultural societies' ” . In Ethnic Minorities in the Modern Nation State , Edited by: Rex , J. 96 – 113 . London : Macmillan .
- Richmond , A.H. 1994 . Global Apartheid: Refugees, Racism, and the New World Order , Toronto : Oxford University Press .
- Ringer , F. 1997 . Max Weber's Methodology: The Unification of the Cultural and Social Sciences , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- Robertson , R. 1995 . “ 'Glocalization: time-space and homogeneity-heterogeneity' ” . In Global Modernities , Edited by: Featherstone , M. , Lash , S. and Robertson , R. 25 – 44 . London : Sage .
- Robinson , V. 1993 . “ 'The nature of the crisis and the academic response' ” . In The International Refugee Crisis: British and Canadian Responses , Edited by: Robinson , V. 3 – 13 . London : Macmillan .
- Rogers , A. 1999 . 'Capture of PKK leader causes worldwide Kurdish protest' . Traces , 5 (1) available at http://www.transcomm.ox.ac.uk/, accessed 13.5.1999
- Safran , W. 1991 . 'Diasporas in modern societies: myths of homeland and return' . Diaspora , 1 (1) : 83 – 99 .
- Shain , Y. 1999 . Marketing the American Creed Abroad: Diasporas in US and their Homelands , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Shain , Y. and Sherman , M. 1998 . 'Dynamics of disintegration: diaspora, secession and the paradox of nation-states' . Nations and Nationalism , 4 (3) : 321 – 46 .
- Shami , S. 1996 . 'Transnationalism and refugee studies: rethinking forced migration and identity in the Middle East' . Journal of Refugee Studies , 9 (1) : 3 – 26 .
- Sheffer , G. 1986 . “ 'A new field of study: modern diasporas in international polities' ” . In Modern Diasporas in International Politics , Edited by: Sheffer , G. 9 – 15 . London : Croom Helm .
- Sheffer , G. 1995 . 'The emergence of new ethno-national diasporas' . Migration , 28 (2) : 5 – 28 .
- Sheikhmous , O. 2001 . “ 'Crystallisation of a new diaspora: migration and political culture among the Kurds in Europe' ” . available at http://www.ceifo.su.se/en/Artic/kurds.htm, accessed 20.3.2001
- Shuval , J.T. 2000 . 'Diaspora migration: definitional ambiguities and a theoretical paradigm' . International Migration , 38 (5) : 41 – 55 .
- Smith , M.P. and Guarnizo , L.E. , eds. 1998 . Transnationalism From Below , New Brunswick : Transaction Publishers .
- Soysal , Y.N. 2000 . 'Citizenship and identity: living in diasporas in post-war Europe?' . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 23 (1) : 1 – 15 .
- Steal , A.B. 1992 . Varieties of the Refugee Experience: Studying Sri Lankan Tamils in Denmark and England , Copenhagen : Institute of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen . unpublished PhD thesis
- Tölölyan , K. 1996 . 'Rethinking Diaspora(s): stateless power in the transnational moment' . Diaspora , 5 (1) : 3 – 36 .
- Valtonen , K. 1997 . The Societal Participation of Refugees and Immigrants , Turku : Institute of Migration .
- Valtonen , K. 1998 . 'Resettlement of Middle Eastern refugees in Finland: the elusiveness of integration' . Journal of Refuge Studies , 11 (1) : 38 – 60 .
- van Bruinessen , M. 1998 . 'Shifting national and ethnic identities: the Kurds in Turkey and the European diaspora' . Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs , 18 (1) : 39 – 52 .
- Van Hear , N. 1998 . New Diasporas: The Mass Exodus, Dispersal and Regrouping of Migrant Communities , London : UCL Press .
- Vertovec , S. 1997 . 'Three meanings of "diaspora", exemplified among South Asian religions' . Diaspora , 6 (3) : 277 – 99 .
- Vertovec , S. and Cohen , R. , eds. 1999 . Migration, Diasporas and Transnationalism , Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
- Wahlbeck , Ö. 1999a . Kurdish Diasporas: A Comparative Study of Kurdish Refugee Communities , London : Macmillan .
- Wahlbeck , Ö. 1999b . 'Flyktingforskning och begreppet diaspora: art studera en transnationell social verklighet' . Sosiologia , 36 (4) : 269 – 79 .
- Weber , M. 1922 . “ 'Die "Objektivität" sozialwissenschaftlicher und sozialpolitischer Erkenntnis' ” . In Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre , Edited by: Weber , M. 146 – 214 . Tübingen : Mohr .
The concept of diaspora as an analytical tool in the study of refugee communities
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.