Early Partner Choices of Immigrants: The Effect of Preferences, Opportunities and Parents on Dating a Native

References

• Allport, Gordon W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Binder, Jens, Hanna Zagefka, Rupert Brown, Friedrich Funke, Thomas Kessler, Amelie Mummendey, Annemie Maquil, Stephanie Demoulin, and Jacques-Philippe Leyens. 2009. “Does Contact Reduce Prejudice or Does Prejudice Reduce Contact? A Longitudinal Test of the Contact Hypothesis among Majority and Minority Groups in Three European Countries.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96 (4): 843–856. doi:10.1037/a0013470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau, Peter M. 1977. “A Macrosociological Theory of Social Structure.” American Journal of Sociology 83 (1): 26–54. doi:10.1086/226505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brüß, Joachim. 2005. “Proud but Isolated? Effects of In-group Favouritism and Acculturation Preferences on Inter-ethnic Attitudes and Contact between German, Turkish and Resettler Adolescents.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31 (1): 3–27. doi:10.1080/1369183042000305663.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly, Jennifer, and Caroline McIsaac. 2009. “Adolescents' Explanations for Romantic Dissolutions: A Developmental Perspective.” Journal of Adolescence 32 (5): 1209–1223. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.01.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Graaf, Paul M., Matthijs Kalmijn, Gerbert Kraaykamp, and Christiaan W. S. Monden. 2011. “Sociaal-culturele verschillen tussen Turken, Marokkanen en autochtonen: eerste resultaten van de Nederlandse LevensLoop Studie (NELLS) [Social-cultural Differences Between Turks, Moroccans, and Natives: First Results of the Dutch Life Course Study (NELLS)].” Bevolkingstrends 59 (4): 61–71.
   Google Scholar
• De Valk, Helga A. G. 2008. “Partners: Herkomst, kennismaking, invloed van de familie en taakverdeling [Partners: Origin, Making Someone's Acquaintance, Influence of the Family, and Task Division].” Demos 24 (8): 12–13.
   Google Scholar
• De Valk, Helga A. G., and Aart C. Liefbroer. 2007. “Timing Preferences for Women's Family-life Transitions: Intergenerational Transmission among Migrants and Dutch.” Journal of Marriage and Family 69 (1): 190–206. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00353.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diehl, Claudia, Matthias Koenig, and Kerstin Ruckdeschel. 2009. “Religiosity and Gender Equality: Comparing Natives and Muslim Migrants in Germany.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 32 (2): 278–301. doi:10.1080/01419870802298454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dribe, Martin, and Christer Lundh. 2011. “Cultural Dissimilarity and Intermarriage. A Longitudinal Study of Immigrants in Sweden 1990–2005.” International Migration Review 45 (2): 297–324. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2011.00849.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driessen, Geert. 2007. “Trends in Religious Affiliation of Parents of Primary School Children in the Netherlands in the Period 1995–2005: Exploration of Correlation with Sex, Ethnicity and Socio-Economic Background.” Journal of Empirical Theology 20 (2): 232–249. doi:10.1163/157092507X237354.
   Google Scholar
• DuBois, David L., and Barton J. Hirsch. 1990. “School and Neighborhood Friendship Patterns of Blacks and Whites in Early Adolescence.” Child Development 61 (2): 524–536. doi:10.2307/1131112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmonds, Christina, and Melanie Killen. 2009. “Do Adolescents' Perceptions of Parental Racial Attitudes Relate to Their Intergroup Contact and Cross-race Relationships?” Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 12 (1): 5–21. doi:10.1177/1368430208098773.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujino, Diane C. 1997. “The Rates, Patterns and Reasons for Forming Heterosexual Interracial Dating Relationships among Asian Americans.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 14 (6): 809–828. doi:10.1177/0265407597146006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganzeboom, Harry B. G. 2010. “A New International Socio-economic Index (ISEI) of Occupational Status for the International Standard Classification of Occupation 2008 (ISCO-08) Constructed with Data from the ISSP 2002–2007.” Annual Conference of International Social Survey Programme, Lisbon. Vol. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Ganzeboom, Harry B. G., Paul M. De Graaf, and Donald J. Treiman. 1992. “A Standard International Socio-economic Index of Occupational Status.” Social Science Research 21 (1): 1–56. doi:10.1016/0049-089X(92)90017-B.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganzeboom, Harry B. G., and Donald J. Treiman. 2012. International Stratification and Mobility File: Conversion Tools. Department of Social Research Methodology. Accessed January 6. http://www.harryganzeboom.nl/ismf/index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• González-Ferrer, Amparo. 2006. “Who Do Immigrants Marry? Partner Choice among Single Immigrants in Germany.” European Sociological Review 22 (2): 171–185. doi:10.1093/esr/jci050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, Milton Myron. 1964. Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Güngör, Derya, Fenella Fleischmann, and Karen Phalet. 2011. “Religious Identification, Beliefs, and Practices among Turkish Belgian and Moroccan Belgian Muslims: Intergenerational Continuity and Acculturative Change.” Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology 42 (8): 1356–1374. doi:10.1177/0022022111412342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallinan, Maureen T., and Stevens S. Smith. 1989. “Classroom Characteristics and Student Friendship Cliques.” Social Forces 67 (4): 898–919. doi:10.1093/sf/67.4.898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, David R., and Hiromi Ono. 2005. “How Many Interracial Marriages Would There Be if All Groups Were of Equal Size in All Places? A New Look at National Estimates of Interracial Marriage.” Social Science Research 34 (1): 236–251. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.01.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartung, Anne, Véronique Vandezande, Karen Phalet, and Marc Swyngedouw. 2011. “Partnership Preferences of the Belgian Second Generation: Who Lives with Whom?” Advances in Life Course Research 16 (4): 152–163. doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2011.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghiemstra, Erna. 2003. Trouwen over de grens: Achtergronden van partnerkeuze van Turken en Marokkannen in Nederland [Marriage Across the Border: Background of Partner Choice of Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands]. Den Haag: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau.
   Google Scholar
• Huijnk, Willem, and Aart C. Liefbroer. 2012. “Family Influences on Intermarriage Attitudes: A Sibling Analysis in the Netherlands.” Journal of Marriage and Family 74 (1): 70–85. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00882.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huijnk, Willem, Maykel Verkuyten, and Marcel Coenders. 2012. “Family Relations and the Attitude towards Ethnic Minorities as Close Kin by Marriage.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36:1–20. doi:10.1080/01419870.2012.699086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huschek, Doreen, Helga A. G. de Valk, and Aart C. Liefbroer. 2011. “Gender-role Behavior of Second-generation Turks: The Role of Partner Choice, Gender Ideology and Societal Context.” Advances in Life Course Research 16 (4): 164–177. doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2011.09.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob, Konstanze, and Frank Kalter. 2013. “Intergenerational Change in Religious Salience among Immigrant Families in Four European Countries.” International Migration 51 (3): 38–56. doi:10.1111/imig.12108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaspers, Eva, Marcel Lubbers, and Nan Dirk de Graaf. 2007. “‘Horrors of Holland’: Explaining Attitude Change towards Euthanasia and Homosexuals in The Netherlands, 1970–1998.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 19 (4): 451–473. doi:10.1093/ijpor/edm029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyner, Kara, and Grace Kao. 2005. “Interracial Relationships and the Transition to Adulthood.” American Sociological Review 70 (4): 563–581. doi:10.1177/000312240507000402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalmijn, Matthijs. 1998. “Intermarriage and Homogamy: Causes, Patterns, Trends.” Annual Review of Sociology 24 (1): 395–21. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalmijn, Matthijs, and Frank van Tubergen. 2006. “Ethnic Intermarriage in the Netherlands: Confirmations and Refutations of Accepted Insights.” European Journal of Population/Revue européenne de Démographie 22 (4): 371–397. doi:10.1007/s10680-006-9105-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalmijn, Matthijs, and Frank van Tubergen. 2010. “A Comparative Perspective on Intermarriage: Explaining Differences among National-origin Groups in the United States.” Demography 47 (2): 459–479. doi:10.1353/dem.0.0103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalter, Frank, Anthony F. Heath, Miles Hewstone, Janne O. Jonsson, Matthijs Kalmijn, Irena Kogan, and Frank Van Tubergen. 2014. “Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU) – Full Version.” GESIS Data Archive, Cologne, ZA5353 Data file Version 1.1.0. doi:10.4232/cils4eu.5353.1.1.0.
   Google Scholar
• Kan, Marni L., Susan M. McHale, and Ann C. Crouter. 2008. “Parental Involvement in Adolescent Romantic Relationships: Patterns and Correlates.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 37 (2): 168–179. doi:10.1007/s10964-007-9185-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiesner, Jeff, Margaret Kerr, and Håkan Stattin. 2004. “‘Very Important Persons’ in Adolescence: Going Beyond In-school, Single Friendships in the Study of Peer Homophily.” Journal of Adolescence 27 (5): 545–560. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.06.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, Rosalind Berkowitz, and Jenifer F. Bratter. 2007. “A Path toward Interracial Marriage: Women's First Partners and Husbands across Racial Lines.” The Sociological Quarterly 48 (2): 343–369. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2007.00081.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, Shana, Pamela L. Taylor, and Elena Caudle. 2007. “Interethnic and Interracial Dating in College: A Longitudinal Study.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 24 (3): 323–341. doi:10.1177/0265407507077225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberson, Stanley, and M. C. Waters. 1988. From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Madsen, Stephanie D. 2008. “Parents' Management of Adolescents' Romantic Relationships through Dating Rules: Gender Variations and Correlates of Relationship Qualities.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 37 (9): 1044–1058. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9313-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinović, Borja. 2013. “The Inter-ethnic Contacts of Immigrants and Natives in the Netherlands: A Two-sided Perspective.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39 (1): 69–85. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2013.723249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinović, Borja, Frank Van Tubergen, and Ineke Maas. 2009. “Dynamics of Interethnic Contact: A Panel Study of Immigrants in the Netherlands.” European Sociological Review 25 (3): 303–318. doi:10.1093/esr/jcn049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClintock, Elizabeth Aura. 2010. “When Does Race Matter? Race, Sex, and Dating at an Elite University.” Journal of Marriage and Family 72 (1): 45–72. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00683.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPherson, Miller, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James M. Cook. 2001. “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks.” Annual Review of Sociology 27: 415–444. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middendorp, Cees. 1978. Progressivism and Conservatism. The Fundamental Dimensions of Ideological Controversy and Their Relationship to Social Class. The Hague: Mouton.
   Google Scholar
• Model, Suzanne, and Gene Fisher. 2002. “Unions between Blacks and Whites: England and the US Compared.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 25 (5): 728–754. doi:10.1080/0141987022000000240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moody, James. 2001. “Race, School Integration, and Friendship Segregation in America.” American Journal of Sociology 107 (3): 679–716. doi:10.1086/338954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mounts, Nina S. 2002. “Parental Management of Adolescent Peer Relationships in Context: The Role of Parenting Style.” Journal of Family Psychology 16 (1): 58–69. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.16.1.58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouw, Ted, and Barbara Entwisle. 2006. “Residential Segregation and Interracial Friendship in Schools.” American Journal of Sociology 112 (2): 394–441. doi:10.1086/506415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munniksma, Anke, Andreas Flache, Maykel Verkuyten, and René Veenstra. 2012. “Parental Acceptance of Children's Intimate Ethnic Outgroup Relations: The Role of Culture, Status, and Family Reputation.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 36 (4): 575–585. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.12.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muttarak, Raya, and Anthony Heath. 2010. “Who Intermarries in Britain? Explaining Ethnic Diversity in Intermarriage Patterns.” The British Journal of Sociology 61 (2): 275–305. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2010.01313.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, Thomas F., and Linda R. Tropp. 2006. “A Meta-analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90 (5): 751–783. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, Thomas F., and Linda R. Tropp. 2008. “How Does Intergroup Contact Reduce Prejudice? Meta-analytic Tests of Three Mediators.” European Journal of Social Psychology 38 (6): 922–934. doi:10.1002/ejsp.504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, Thomas F., Linda R. Tropp, Ulrich Wagner, and Oliver Christ. 2011. “Recent Advances in Intergroup Contact Theory.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 35 (3): 271–280. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaeffer, Merlin. 2013. “Inter-ethnic Neighbourhood Acquaintances of Migrants and Natives in Germany: On the Brokering Roles of Inter-Ethnic Partners and Children.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39 (8): 1219–1240. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2013.778147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibazaki, Kozue, and Kelly A. Brennan. 1998. “When Birds of Different Feathers Flock Together: A Preliminary Comparison of Intra-Ethnic and Inter-ethnic Dating Relationships.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 15 (2): 248–256. doi:10.1177/0265407598152007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, Valerie A., Julie Wargo Aikins, and Mitchell J. Prinstein. 2008. “Romantic Partner Selection and Socialization during Early Adolescence.” Child Development 79 (6): 1676–1692. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01218.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snijders, Tom, and Roel Bosker. 1999. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advances Multilevel Modeling. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Sterckx, Leen, and Carolien Bouw. 2005. Liefde op maat: Partnerkeuze van Turkse en Marokkaanse jongeren [Love in Order: Partner Choice of Turkish and Moroccan Adolescents]. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.
   Google Scholar
• Swart, H., M. Hewstone, O. Christ, and A. Voci. 2011. “Affective Mediators of Intergroup Contact: A Three-wave Longitudinal Study in South Africa.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101 (6): 1221–1238. doi:10.1037/a0024450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, M. Belinda, and Claudia Mitchell-Kernan. 1995. “Social Structural and Psychological Correlates of Interethnic Dating.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 12 (3): 341–361. doi:10.1177/0265407595123002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Akker, Hanneke, Rozemarijn Van der Ploeg, and Peer Scheepers. 2012. “Disapproval of Homosexuality: Comparative Research on Individual and National Determinants of Disapproval of Homosexuality in 20 European Countries.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 25 (1): 64–86. doi:10.1093/ijpor/edr058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Tubergen, Frank, and Ineke Maas. 2007. “Ethnic Intermarriage among Immigrants in the Netherlands: An Analysis of Population Data.” Social Science Research 36 (3): 1065–1086. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zantvliet, Pascale I., Matthijs Kalmijn, and Ellen Verbakel. 2014. “Parental Involvement in Partner Choice: The Case of Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands.” European Sociological Review 30 (3): 387–398. doi:10.1093/esr/jcu045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbrugge, Lois M. 1977. “The Structure of Adult Friendship Choices.” Social Forces 56 (2): 576–597. doi:10.1093/sf/56.2.576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeij, Lotte, Marijtje A. J. van Duijn, and Chris Baerveldt. 2009. “Ethnic Segregation in Context: Social Discrimination among Native Dutch Pupils and Their Ethnic Minority Classmates.” Social Networks 31 (4): 230–239. doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2009.06.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vervoort, Miranda H. M., Ron H. J. Scholte, and Peer L. H. Scheepers. 2011. “Ethnic Composition of School Classes, Majority–Minority Friendships, and Adolescents' Intergroup Attitudes in the Netherlands.” Journal of Adolescence 34 (2): 257–267. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.05.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voas, David, and Steve Bruce. 2004. “Research Note: The 2001 Census and Christian Identification in Britain.” Journal of Contemporary Religion 19 (1): 23–28. doi:10.1080/1353790032000165087.
   Google Scholar
• Vollebergh, W. A. M., J. Iedema, and Q. A. W. Raaijmakers. 2001. “Intergenerational Transmission and the Formation of Cultural Orientations in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.” Journal of Marriage and Family 63 (4): 1185–1198. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.01185.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Hongyu, and Grace Kao. 2007. “Does Higher Socioeconomic Status Increase Contact Between Minorities and Whites? An Examination of Interracial Romantic Relationships among Adolescents.” Social Science Quarterly 88 (1): 146–164. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2007.00451.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Hongyu, Grace Kao, and Kara Joyner. 2006. “Stability of Interracial and Intraracial Romantic Relationships among Adolescents.” Social Science Research 35 (2): 435–453. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.10.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, Yu, and Kimberly Goyette. 1997. “The Racial Identification of Biracial Children with One Asian Parent: Evidence from the 1990 Census.” Social Forces 76 (2): 547–570. doi:10.1093/sf/76.2.547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar