Making a difference in Mogadishu? Experiences of multi-sited embeddedness among diaspora youth

References

• Anthias, F. 2008. “Thinking Through the Lens of Translocational Positionality: An Intersectionality Frame for Understanding Identity and Belonging.” Translocations: Migration and Social Change 4 (1): 5–20.
   Google Scholar
• Antonsich, M. 2010. “Searching for Belonging – An Analytical Framework.” Geography Compass 4 (6): 644–659. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00317.x
   Google Scholar
• Balibar, E. 2004. We, the People of Europe? Reflections on Transnational Citizenship. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barth, F. 1969. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Basch, L., N. Glick-Schiller, and C. Szanton Blanc. 1992. Towards a Transnational Perspective on Migration: Race, Class, Ethnicity and Nationalism Reconsidered. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Basch, L., N. Glick-Schiller, and C. Szanton Blanc. 1994. Nations Unbound. Langhorn: Gordon and Breach.
   Google Scholar
• Bhabha, H. 2012. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bosniak, L. 2006. The Citizen and the Alien. Dilemmas of Contemporary Membership. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Braakman, M., and A. Schlenkhoff. 2007. “Between Two Worlds: Feelings of Belonging While in exile and the Question of Return.” ASIEN 104: 9–22.
   Google Scholar
• Bradbury, M., A. Abokor, and H. Yusuf. 2003. “Somaliland: Choosing Politics Over Violence.” Review of African Political Economy 30 (97): 455–478. doi: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659778
   Google Scholar
• Bulhan, H. 2015. “Stages of Colonialism: From Occupation of Land to Occupation of Being.” Journal of Social and Political Psychology 3 (1): 239–256. doi: 10.5964/jspp.v3i1.143
   Google Scholar
• Carling, J., and S. Vatne Pettersen. 2014. Return Migration Intentions in the Integration-Transnationalism Matrix.” International Migration 52 (6): 13–30. doi: 10.1111/imig.12161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chanan, G. 1997. “Active Citizenship and Community Involvement: Getting to the Roots.” Eurofund Discussion Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Erdal, M. 2017. “Migration and multiscalar lived citizenship: Theorizing the interactions of migrant transnationalism and integration.” Paper presented at academic workshop Asserting and Contesting ‘the Good Citizen’, Peace Research Institute Oslo, 7-9 June 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Erdal, M., and C. Oeppen. 2013. “Migrant Balancing Acts: Understanding the Interactions Between Integration and Transnationalism.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39 (6): 867–884. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2013.765647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fumanti, M., and P. Werbner. 2010. “The Moral Economy of the African Diaspora: Citizenship, Networking and Permeable Ethnicity.” African Diaspora 3: 2–11. doi: 10.1163/187254610X508454
   Google Scholar
• Gullestad, M. 2004. “Blind Slaves of our Prejudices: Debating “Culture” and “Race” in Norway.” Ethnos 69 (2): 177–203. doi: 10.1080/0014184042000212858
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horst, C. 2008. “The Transnational Political Engagements of Refugees: Remittance Sending Practices Amongst Somalis in Norway.” Conflict, Security and Development 8 (3): 317–339. doi: 10.1080/14678800802323340
   Google Scholar
• Horst, C. 2009. “Expanding Sites: The Question of “Depth” Explored.” In Multi-Sited Ethnography. Theory, Praxis and Locality in Contemporary Social Research, edited by M. Falzon, 119–134. Aldershot: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Horst, C. 2013. “The Depoliticization of Diasporas from the Horn of Africa: From Refugees to Transnational aid Workers.” African Studies 72 (2): 228–245. doi: 10.1080/00020184.2013.812881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horst, C., F. Kassim, S. Osman, H. Muse, and M. Hussein. 2013. Somalis in Oslo. London: Open Society Foundations.
   Google Scholar
• Horst, C., and T. Olsen. 2015. Paper presented at Dansk Selskab for Statskundskabs Årsmøde, Kolding Denmark, October 29-30, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Horst, C. Forthcoming. “Refugees and Peacebuilding: An Anthropological Contribution.” In Shaping the Struggles of Their Times: Refugees, Peacebuilding and Resolving Displacement, edited by M. Bradley, J. Milner, and J. Peruniak. Georgetown University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kassim, F. 2016. “ Norskhet, Soomaalinimo og forestilte grenser. En studie om ungvoksne norsksomalieres hverdagslige samhandlinger i Oslo.” MA thesis, Anthropology Department, University of Oslo.
   Google Scholar
• Keller, S. 2013. “Worldly Citizens: Civic Virtue Without Patriotism.” In Cosmopolitianism Versus non-Cosmopolitanism, edited by G. Brock, 239–254. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kloosterman, R. 2010. “Matching Opportunities with Resources: a Framework for Analysing (Migrant) Entrepreneurship from a Mixed Embeddedness Perspective.” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 22: 25–45. doi: 10.1080/08985620903220488
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloosterman, R., and J. Rath. 2001. “Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Advanced Economies: Mixed Embeddedness Further Explored.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 27 (2): 189–201. doi: 10.1080/13691830020041561
   Google Scholar
• Kloosterman, R. J., J. van der Leun, and J. Rath. 1999. “Mixed Embeddedness: (In)formal Economic Activities and Immigrant Business in the Netherlands.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 23 (2): 252–266. doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.00194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koinova, M. 2018. “Diaspora Mobilisation for Conflict and Post-conflict Reconstruction: Contextual and Comparative Dimensions.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (8): 1251–1269. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1354152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koinova, M., and D. Karabegovic. 2017. “Diasporas and Transitional Justice: Transnational Activism From Local to Global Levels of Engagement.” Global Networks 17 (2): 212–233. doi: 10.1111/glob.12128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kymlicka, W., and W. Norman. 1994. “Return of the Citizen: A Survey of Recent Work on Citizenship Theory.” Ethics 104 (2): 352–381. doi: 10.1086/293605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layman, A., and A. Basnyat. 2003. “Social Capital of the Somali and Hmong Communities in Minneapolis – Saint Paul.” Minnesota Social Capital Research Project.
   Google Scholar
• Levine, P. 2008. “The Civic Engagement of Young Immigrants: Why Does it Matter?” Applied Development Science 12 (2): 102–104. doi: 10.1080/10888690801997275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons, T., and P. Mandavill. 2012. Politics From Afar: Transnational Communities and Networks. New York: Colombia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mattessich, P. 2000. Speaking for Themselves. A Survey of Hispanic, Hmong, Russian and Somali Immigrants in Minneapolis-Saint Paul. Saint Paul: Wilder Research Center.
   Google Scholar
• Mouritsen, P. 2008. “Political Responses to Cultural Conflict: Reflections on the Ambiguities of the Civic Turn.” In Constituting Communities: Political Solutions to Cultural Conflict, edited by P. Mouritsen, and K. Jørgensen, 1–39. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Nagel, C., and L. Staehili. 2008. “Integration and the Negotiation of “Here” and “There’: The Case of British Arab Activists.” Social and Cultural Geography 9: 415–430. doi: 10.1080/14649360802069019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oeppen, C. 2013. “A Stranger at ‘Home’: Interactions Between Transnational Return Visits and Integration for Afghan-American Professionals.” Global Networks 13 (2): 261–278. doi: 10.1111/glob.12008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, L., and J. Mulholland. 2015. “Embedding in Motion: Analysing Relational, Spatial and Temporal Dynamics among High-Skilled Migrants.” In Migrant Capital. Networks, Identities and Strategies, edited by L. Ryan, U. Erel, and A. D’angelo, 135–153. Basingstock: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Schinkel, W., and F. van Houdt. 2010. “The Double Helix of Cultural Assimilationism and Neoliberalism: Citizenship in Contemporary Governmentality.” British Journal of Sociology 61 (4): 696–715. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2010.01337.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinatti, G., and C. Horst. 2015. “Migrants as Agents of Development: Diaspora Engagement Discourse and Practice in Europe.” Ethnicities 15 (1): 134–152. doi: 10.1177/1468796814530120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M. P. 2007. “The Two Faces of Transnational Citizenship.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 30 (6): 1096–1116. doi: 10.1080/01419870701599523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snel, E., G. Engbersen, and A. Leerkes. 2006. “Transnational Involvement and Social Integration.” Global Networks 6: 285–308. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2006.00145.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staeheli, L., P. Ehrkamp, H. Leitner, and C. Nagel. 2012. “Dreaming the Ordinary: Daily Life and the Complex Geographies of Citizenship.” Progress in Human Geography 36 (5): 628–644. doi: 10.1177/0309132511435001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellander, E. and C. Horst. Forthcoming. “ A Foreign Policy Actor of Importance? The Role of the Somali Diaspora in Shaping Norwegian Foreign Policy.”
   Google Scholar
• Van Bochove, M., K. Rusinovic, and G. Engbersen. 2010. “The Multiplicity of Citizenship: Transnational and Local Practices and Identifications of Middle-Class Migrants.” Global Networks 10 (3): 344–364. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00292.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Houte, M., M. Siegel, and T. Davids. 2015. “Return to Afghanistan: Migration as Reinforcement of Socio-Economic Stratification.” Population, Space and Place 21 (8): 692–703. doi: 10.1002/psp.1876
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel, D., and A. Triandafyllidou. 2005. “Civic Activation of Immigrants: An Introduction to Conceptual and Theoretical Issues.” POLITIS Working Paper 1.
   Google Scholar
• Wimmer, A., and N. Glick-Schiller. 2003. “Methodological Nationalism, the Social Sciences and the Study of Migration.” International Migration Review 37 (3): 576–610. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00151.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis, N. 2011. The Politics of Belonging: Intersectional Contestations. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar