‘Surrounded with so much uncertainty’: asylum seekers and manufactured precarity in Australia

References

• ABS. 2017. Table 2 Labour Force Status. 6250.0 – Characteristics of Recent Migrants, Australia, November 2016. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad, Ali Nobil. 2008. “Dead Men Working: Time and Space in London’s (‘Illegal’) Migrant Economy.” Work, Employment and Society 22 (2): 301–318. doi:10.1177/0950017008089106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AHRC. 2013. Asylum Seekers, Refugees and Human Rights: Snapshot Report. Sydney: Australian Human Rights Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Allsop, Jennifer, Nando Sigona, and Jenny Phillimore. 2014. Poverty Among Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK. IRiS Working Paper Series. Birmingham: Institute for Research into Superdiversity, University of Birmingham.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, Bridget. 2007. “A Very Private Business: Exploring the Demand for Migrant Domestic Workers.” European Journal of Women’s Studies 14 (3): 247–264. doi:10.1177/1350506807079013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, Bridget. 2010. “Migration, Immigration Controls and the Fashioning of Precarious Workers.” Work, Employment and Society 24 (2): 300–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australia, Senate. 2014. “Debates.” 1006–7, December 3.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Government. 2015. 2015 Intergenerational Report: Australia in 2055. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Government. 2016. Budget 2016–17: Immigration and Border Protection Portfolio. Portfolio Budget Statements 2016–17. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Government. 2017. Multicultural Australia: United, Strong, Successful. Canberra, ACT: Department of Social Services.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Red Cross. 2013. Inaugural Vulnerability Report. Inside the Process of Seeking Asylum in Australia. Carlton, Vic.: Australian Red Cross.
   Google Scholar
• Bakan, Abigail B., and Daiva K. Stasiulis. 2003. Negotiating Citizenship: Migrant Women in Canada and the Global System. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Barrientos, Stephanie, Uma Kothari, and Nicola Phillips. 2013. “Dynamics of Unfree Labour in the Contemporary Global Economy.” The Journal of Development Studies 49 (8): 1037–1041. doi:10.1080/00220388.2013.780043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block, Karen, Elisha Riggs, and Nick Haslam. 2013. Values and Vulnerabilities: The Ethics of Research with Refugees and Asylum Seekers. Toowong, QLD: Australian Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bonoli, Giuliano, and Karl Hinrichs. 2012. “Statistical Discrimination and Employers’ Recruitment: Practices for low-Skilled Workers.” European Societies 14 (3): 338–361. doi:10.1080/14616696.2012.677050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, Pierre. 1998. Acts of Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market. New York: New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, Iain, and Robin Price. 2016. “Precarious Work and Precarious Workers: Towards an Improved Conceptualisation.” The Economic and Labour Relations Review 27 (3): 314–332. doi:10.1177/1035304616652074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauvin, Sébastien, and Blanca Garcés-Mascareñas. 2012. “Beyond Informal Citizenship: The New Moral Economy of Migrant Illegality.” International Political Sociology 6 (3): 241–259. doi:10.1111/j.1749-5687.2012.00162.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colic-Peisker, Val, and Farida Tilbury. 2006. “Employment Niches for Recent Refugees: Segmented Labour Market in Twenty-First Century Australia.” Journal of Refugee Studies 19 (2): 203–229. doi:10.1093/jrs/fej016.
   Google Scholar
• Colic-Peisker, Val, and Farida Tilbury. 2007. “Integration into the Australian Labour Market: The Experience of Three ‘Visibly Different’ Groups of Recently Arrived Refugees.” International Migration 45 (1): 59–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conlon, Deirdre, and Nick Gill. 2015. “Guest Editorial: Interventions in Migration and Activism.” ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies 14 (2): 442–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correa-Velez, Ignacio, and Gerald Onsando. 2009. “Educational and Occupational Outcomes Amongst African Men From Refugee Backgrounds Living in Urban and Regional Southeast Queensland.” The Australasian Review of African Studies 30 (2): 114–127.
   Google Scholar
• Correa-Velez, Ignacio, Ramon Spaaij, and Susan Upham. 2013. “‘We Are Not Here to Claim Better Services Than Any Other’: Social Exclusion among Men from Refugee Backgrounds in Urban and Regional Australia.” Journal of Refugee Studies 26 (2): 163–186. doi:10.1093/jrs/fes003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crock, Mary, and Kate Bones. 2015. “Australian Exceptionalism: Temporary Protection and the Rights of Refugees.” Melbourne Journal of International Law 16 (2): 522–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dandy, Justine, and Rogelia Pe-Pua. 2010. “Attitudes to Multiculturalism, Immigration and Cultural Diversity: Comparison of Dominant and non-Dominant Groups in Three Australian States.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 34 (1): 34–46. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.10.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Genova, Nicholas P. 2002. “Migrant ‘Illegality’ and Deportability in Everyday Life.” Annual Review of Anthropology 31: 419–447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Genova, Nicholas. 2013. “Spectacles of Migrant ‘Illegality’: The Scene of Exclusion, the Obscene of Inclusion.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36 (7): 1180–1198. doi:10.1080/01419870.2013.783710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DIBP. 2013. Asylum Trends: Australia (2012–13). Canberra: Australian Government, Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
   Google Scholar
• DIBP. 2014. Applying for Protection in Australia. Canberra: Australian Government, Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
   Google Scholar
• DIBP. 2016a. Illegal Maritime Arrivals on Bridging Visa E: September 2016. Canberra: Australian Border Force, Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
   Google Scholar
• DIBP. 2016b. IMA Legacy Caseload: Report on Status and Processing Outcomes. Canberra, ACT: Australian Government, Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
   Google Scholar
• DIBP. 2016c. Onshore Humanitarian Programme 2015–16. Canberra: Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
   Google Scholar
• DIBP. 2017a. Annual Report, 2016–17. Canberra, ACT: Australian Government, Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
   Google Scholar
• DIBP. 2017b. IMA Legacy Caseload: Report on the Processing Status and Outcomes, September 2017. Canberra, ACT: Australian Government, Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
   Google Scholar
• Fair Work Ombudsman. 2017a. “Minimum Wages.” Australian Government, Fair Work Ombudsman, Accessed March 1. http://www.fairwork.gov.au/how-we-will-help/templates-and-guides/fact-sheets/minimum-workplace-entitlements/minimum-wages
   Google Scholar
• Fair Work Ombudsman. 2017b. “Fast Food Industry Award 2010.” Accessed March 1. http://awardviewer.fwo.gov.au/award/show/MA000003
   Google Scholar
• Fleay, Caroline, Lisa Hartley, and Mary Anne Kenny. 2013. “Refugees and Asylum Seekers Living in the Australian Community: the Importance of Work Rights and Employment Support.” Australian Journal of Social Issues 48: 473–493, 95–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fudge, Judy. 2012. “Precarious Migrant Status and Precarious Employment: The Paradox of International Rights for Migrant Workers.” Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal 34 (1): 95–132.
   Google Scholar
• Gabrielatos, Costas, and Paul Baker. 2008. “Fleeing, Sneaking, Flooding: A Corpus Analysis of Discursive Constructions of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK Press, 1996–2005.” Journal of English Linguistics 36 (1): 5–38. doi:10.1177/0075424207311247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldring, Luin, and Patricia Landolt. 2011. “Caught in the Work–Citizenship Matrix: the Lasting Effects of Precarious Legal Status on Work for Toronto Immigrants.” Globalizations 8 (3): 325–341. doi:10.1080/14747731.2011.576850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, Colin P., and Gareth D. Leeves. 2013. “Job Security, Financial Security and Worker Well-Being: New Evidence on the Effects of Flexible Employment.” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 60 (2): 121–138. doi:10.1111/sjpe.12005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley, Lisa, and Caroline Fleay. 2014. “Policy as Punishment: Asylum Seekers in the Community Without the Right to Work.” Centre for Human Rights Education (CU), Curtin University.
   Google Scholar
• Hawthorne, Lesleyanne. 2005. “‘Picking Winners’: The Recent Transformation of Australia’s Skilled Migration Policy.” International Migration Review 39 (3): 663–696. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00284.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollway, Wendy, and Tony Jefferson. 1997. “Eliciting Narrative Through the In-Depth Interview.” Qualitative Inquiry 3 (1): 53–70. doi:10.1177/107780049700300103.
   Google Scholar
• Hugo, Graeme. 2014a. “Change and Continuity in Australian International Migration Policy.” International Migration Review 48 (3): 868–890. doi:10.1111/imre.12120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hugo, Graeme. 2014b. “The Economic Contribution of Humanitarian Settlers in Australia.” International Migration 52 (2): 31–52. doi:10.1111/imig.12092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen, Karen, and Loren B. Landau. 2003. “The Dual Imperative in Refugee Research: Some Methodological and Ethical Considerations in Social Science Research on Forced Migration.” Disasters 27 (3): 185–206. doi:10.1111/1467-7717.00228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joppke, Christian. 2004. “The Retreat of Multiculturalism in the Liberal State: Theory and Policy.” The British Journal of Sociology 55 (2): 237–257. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2004.00017.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jupp, James. 2002. From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Koleth, Elsa. 2010. Multiculturalism: A Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas. Research Paper. Canberra: Parliament of Australia, Department of Parliamentary Services.
   Google Scholar
• Koleth, Elsa. 2017. “Unsettling the Settler State: The State and Social Outcomes of Temporary Migration in Australia.” Migration, Mobility & Displacement 3 (1): 33–50. doi:10.18357/mmd31201717072.
   Google Scholar
• Koslowski, Rey. 2014. “Selective Migration Policy Models and Changing Realities of Implementation.” International Migration 52 (3): 26–39. doi:10.1111/imig.12136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, Hannah, Peter Dwyer, Stuart Hodkinson, and Louise Waite. 2015a. “Hyper-precarious Lives: Migrants, Work and Forced Labour in the Global North.” Progress in Human Geography 39 (5): 580–600. doi:10.1177/0309132514548303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, Hannah, Peter Dwyer, Stuart Hodkinson, and Louise Waite. 2015b. Precarious Lives: Forced Labour, Exploitation and Asylum. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• MacFarlane, Anne, Zhanna Dzebisova, Dmitri Karapish, Bosiljka Kovacevic, Florence Ogbebor, and Ekaterina Okonkwo. 2009. “Arranging and Negotiating the Use of Informal Interpreters in General Practice Consultations: Experiences of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the West of Ireland.” Social Science & Medicine 69 (2): 210–214. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.04.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackenzie, Catriona, Christopher McDowell, and Eileen Pittaway. 2007. “Beyond ‘Do No Harm’: The Challenge of Constructing Ethical Relationships in Refugee Research.” Journal of Refugee Studies 20 (2): 299–319. doi:10.1093/jrs/fem008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguire, Amy. 2017. “‘Fake Refugees’: Dutton Adopts an Alternative Fact to Justify Our Latest Human Rights Violation.” The Conversation.
   Google Scholar
• Mapp, Susan, and Shirley Gatenio Gabel. 2017. “Government Abuses of Human Rights.” Journal of Human Rights and Social Work 2 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1007/s41134-017-0033-4.
   Google Scholar
• McAdam, Jane. 2013. “Australia and Asylum Seekers.” International Journal of Refugee Law 25 (3): 435–448. doi:10.1093/ijrl/eet044.
   Google Scholar
• McKay, Sonia, Steve Jefferys, Anna Paraksevopoulou, and Janoj Keles. 2012. Study on Precarious Work and Social Rights. London: Working Lives Research Institute, London Metropolitan University.
   Google Scholar
• McKay, Fiona H., Samantha L. Thomas, and R. Warwick Blood. 2011. “‘Any One of These Boat People Could Be a Terrorist for All We Know!’ Media Representations and Public Perceptions of ‘Boat People’ Arrivals in Australia.” Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism 12 (5): 607–626. doi:10.1177/1464884911408219.
   Google Scholar
• McKay, Fiona H., Samantha L. Thomas, and Susan Kneebone. 2012. “‘It Would Be Okay If They Came Through the Proper Channels’: Community Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Asylum Seekers in Australia.” Journal of Refugee Studies 25 (1): 113–133. doi:10.1093/jrs/fer010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie, Jaffa, and Reza Hasmath. 2013. “Deterring the ‘Boat People’: Explaining the Australian Government’s People Swap Response to Asylum Seekers.” Australian Journal of Political Science 48 (4): 417–430. doi:10.1080/10361146.2013.841124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, Janet. 2017. Boat Arrivals and Boat ‘Turnbacks’ in Australia Since 1976: A Quick Guide to the Statistics. Research Paper Series, 2016-17. Canberra ACT: Parliament of Australia: Department of Parliamentary Services.
   Google Scholar
• Pittaway, Eileen, Linda Bartolomei, and Richard Hugman. 2010. “‘Stop Stealing Our Stories’: The Ethics of Research with Vulnerable Groups.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 2 (2): 229–251. doi:10.1093/jhuman/huq004.
   Google Scholar
• Productivity Commission. 2015. Workplace Relations Framework: Productivity Commission Inquiry Report. Canberra: Australian Government.
   Google Scholar
• Productivity Commission. 2016. Migrant Intake into Australia. Productivity Commission Inquiry Report. Canberra: Australian Government, Productivity Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Rakodi, Carole. 1991. “Women’s Work or Household Strategies?” Environment and Urbanization 3 (2): 39–45. doi:10.1177/095624789100300206.
   Google Scholar
• RCOA. 2017. State of the Nation: Refugees and People Seeking Asylum in Australia. Surry Hills: Refugee Council of Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Rumford, Chris. 2006. “Theorizing Borders.” European Journal of Social Theory 9 (2): 155–169. doi:10.1177/1368431006063330.
   Google Scholar
• Sager, Maja. 2015. “Precarity at Work: Asylum Rights and Paradoxes of Labour in Sweden.” In Vulnerability, Exploitation and Migrants: Insecure Work in a Globalised Economy, edited by Louise Waite, Gary Craig, Hannah Lewis, and Klara Skrivankova, 115–128. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Soei, Aydin. 2015. “Frygtens kædereaktion.” Informatíon.
   Google Scholar
• Standing, Guy. 2011. The Precariat: The Dangerous New Class. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Syed, Jawad. 2008. “Employment Prospects for Skilled Migrants: A Relational Perspective.” Human Resource Management Review 18 (1): 28–45. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2007.12.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschöll, Christine. 2014. “Precarity: Causes, Effects and Consequences of Insecure Working and Living Conditions in a Multicultural, Rural Area of Northern Italy (South Tyrol).” The Journal of Education, Culture, and Society (2): 82–90.
   Google Scholar
• Ultsch, Von Christian. 2016. “Kurz: Rettung aus Seenot ist kein Ticket nach Europa.” Die Presse.
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR. 2013. “Asylum-seekers on Bridging Visas in Australia: Protection Gaps.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Regional Representation for Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific.
   Google Scholar
• Vickers, Tom. 2016. Refugees, Capitalism and the British State: Implications for Social Workers, Volunteers and Activists. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Vosko, Leah F. 2010. Managing the Margins: Gender, Citizenship, and the International Regulation of Precarious Employment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waite, Louise, and Hannah Lewis. 2017. “Precarious Irregular Migrants and Their Sharing Economies: A Spectrum of Transactional Laboring Experiences.” Annals of the American Association of Geographers 107 (4): 964–978. doi:10.1080/24694452.2016.1270188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waite, Louise, Hannah Lewis, Peter Dwyer, and Stuart Hodkinson. 2015. “Precarious Lives: Refugees and Asylum Seekers’ Resistance Within Unfree Labouring.” ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies 14 (2): 479–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, James P. 2011. “Quantifying Citizens: Neoliberal Restructuring and Immigrant Selection in Canada and Australia.” Citizenship Studies 15 (6–7): 861–879. doi:10.1080/13621025.2011.600135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins, Josh. 2017. “Australia’s Irregular Migration Information Campaigns: Border Externalization, Spatial Imaginaries, and Extraterritorial Subjugation.” Territory, Politics, Governance 5 (3): 282–303. doi:10.1080/21622671.2017.1284692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins, Paula G., Husna Razee, and Juliet Richters. 2012. “‘I’m Telling You … The Language Barrier is the Most, the Biggest Challenge’: Barriers to Education among Karen Refugee Women in Australia.” Australian Journal of Education 56 (2): 126–141. doi:10.1177/000494411205600203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch, Michael. 2014. “Economic Man and Diffused Sovereignty: a Critique of Australia’s Asylum Regime.” Crime, Law and Social Change 61 (1): 81–107. doi:10.1007/s10611-013-9488-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WGEA. 2016. Gender Composition of the Workforce: By Occupation. Canberra: Australian Government, Workplace Gender Equality Agency.
   Google Scholar