The puzzle of high political partisanship among ethnic minority young people in Great Britain

References

• Akhtar, P. 2012. “British Muslim Political Participation: After Bradford.” The Political Quarterly 83 (4): 762–766. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-923X.2012.02352.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anwar, M. 1986. Race and Politics: Ethnic Minorities and the British Political System. London: Tavistock.
   Google Scholar
• Back, L., and J. Solomos. 2002. Race, Politics and Social Change. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bartels, L. M. 2002. “Beyond the Running Tally: Partisan Bias in Political Perceptions.” Political Behavior 24 (2): 117–150. doi:10.1023/A:1021226224601.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartle, J. 2003. “Measuring Party Identification: An Exploratory Study with Focus Groups.” Electoral Studies 22 (2): 217–237. doi:10.1016/S0261-3794(02)00013-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berthoud, R., L. Fumagalli, P. Lynn, and L. Platt. 2009. Design of the Understanding Society Ethnic Minority Boost Sample. Understanding Society Working Paper 2009–02. Colchester: Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex.
   Google Scholar
• Burgess, S. 2014. Understanding the success of London’s schools, The Centre for Market and Public Organisation. 14/333.
   Google Scholar
• Calhoun-Brown, A. 1996. “‘African American Churches and Political Mobilization: The Psychological Impact of Organizational Resources.” The Journal of Politics 58 (4): 935–953. doi: 10.2307/2960144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crockett, A., and D. Voas. 2006. “Generations of Decline: Religious Change in 20th-Century Britain.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 45 (4): 567–584. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2006.00328.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton, R. J. 1984. “Cognitive Mobilization and Partisan Dealignment in Advanced Industrial Democracies.” The Journal of Politics 46 (1): 264–284. doi: 10.2307/2130444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, M. C. 1994. Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African-American Politics. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dinas, E. 2013. “Why Does the Apple Fall Far from the Tree? How Early Political Socialization Prompts Parent-Child Dissimilarity.” British Journal of Political Science (2014): 1–26. doi:10.1017/S0007123413000033.
   Google Scholar
• Dustmann, C., T. Frattini, and N. Theodoropoulos. 2010. Ethnicity and Second Generation Immigrants, CReAM: Discussion Paper Series. 04/10. doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199587377.003.0016.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, G., and J. Tilley. 2017. The New Politics of Class: The Political Exclusion of the British Working Class. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fennema, M., and J. Tillie. 1999. “Political Participation and Political Trust in Amsterdam: Civic Communities and Ethnic Networks.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 25 (4): 703–726. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.1999.9976711
   Google Scholar
• Fieldhouse, E., et al. 2018. Electoral Shocks: The Volatile Voter in a Turbulent World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fieldhouse, E., and D. Cutts. 2008a. “Diversity, Density and Turnout: The Effect of Neighbourhood Ethno-Religious Composition on Voter Turnout in Britain.” Political Geography 27 (5): 530–548. doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fieldhouse, E., and D. Cutts. 2008b. “Mobilisation or Marginalisation? Neighbourhood Effects on Muslim Electoral Registration in Britain in 2001.” Political Studies 56 (2): 333–354. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00690.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fieldhouse, E., and D. Cutts. 2016. “Shared Partisanship, Household Norms and Turnout: Testing a Relational Theory of Electoral Participation.” British Journal of Political Science, 1–17. doi:10.1017/S0007123416000089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorina, M. P. 1981. Retrospective Voting in American National Elections. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, P., and A. Nandi. 2015. Poverty Across Ethnic Groups Through Recession and Austerity, Joseph Rowntree Foundation Report.
   Google Scholar
• Grasso, M. T., Stephen Farrall, Emily Gray, Colin Hay, Will Jennings, et al. 2017. “‘Thatcher’s Children, Blair’s Babies, Political Socialization and Trickle-Down Value Change: An Age, Period and Cohort Analysis’.” British Journal of Political Science, 1–20. doi:10.1017/S0007123416000375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, D., B. Palmquist, and E. Schickler. 2002. Partisan Hearts and Minds: Political Parties and the Social Identities of Voters. London: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, A., et al. 2013. The Political Integration of Ethnic Minorities in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, O. 2016. “Policy Alienation, Social Alienation and Working-Class Abstention in Britain, 1964–2010.” British Journal of Political Science 28 (1): 121. doi:10.1017/S0007123416000272.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, A., and S. Y. Cheung. 2006. “Ethnic Penalties in the Labour Market: Employers and Discrimination.” Pensions 341: 124.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, A., Stephen D. Fisher, David Sanders, Maria Sobolewska et al. 2011. “Ethnic Heterogeneity in the Social Bases of Voting at the 2010 British General Election.” Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties 21 (3): 255–277. doi: 10.1080/17457289.2011.562611
   Google Scholar
• Jivraj, S., and O. Khan. 2013. Ethnicity and deprivation in England: How likely are ethnic minorities to live in deprived neighbourhoods?, Dynamics of Diversity: Evidence from the 2011 Census.
   Google Scholar
• Knies, G. 2017. Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study Wave 1-7 User Guide.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Y., and A. Heath. 2020. “Persisting Disadvantages: A Study of Labour Market Dynamics of Ethnic Unemployment and Earnings in the UK (2009-2015).” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46 (5): 857–878. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1539241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, N. S. 2016. Ethnic Minority Voters in 2015: A Breakthrough for the Conservative Party? Working paper https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2881684.
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell, R. 2012. Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-offs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McAndrew, S., and D. Voas. 2014. “Immigrant Generation, Religiosity and Civic Engagement in Britain.” Ethnic and Racial Studies. Taylor & Francis, 37 (1): 99–119. doi:10.1080/01419870.2013.808755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellon, J. 2016. Party Attachment in Great Britain: Five Decades of Dealignment. Working paper https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2745654.
   Google Scholar
• Nandi, A., and L. Platt. 2020. “The Relationship Between Political and Ethnic Identity among UK Ethnic Minority and Majority Populations.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46 (5): 957–979. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1539286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ONS. 2013. 2011 Census Analysis - comparing rural and urban areas of England and Wales, Office for National Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Platt, L., and A. Nandi. 2020. “Ethnic Diversity in the UK: New Opportunities and Changing Constraints.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46 (5): 839–856. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1539229.
   Google Scholar
• Prior, M. 2010. “‘You’ve Either got it or you Don’t? The Stability of Political Interest Over the Life Cycle’.” The Journal of Politics 72 (3): 747–766. doi:10.1017/S0022381610000149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saggar, S., and A. Heath. 1999. “Race: Towards a Multicultural Electorate?” In Critical Elections: British Parties and Voters in Long-Term Perspective, edited by G. Evans, and P. Norris, 102–123. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Sanders, D., J. Burton, and J. Kneesaw. 2002. “Identifying the True Party Identifiers. A Question Wording Experiment.” Party Politics 8 (2): 193–205. doi:10.1177/1354068802008002003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobolewska, M., et al. 2015. “Understanding the Effects of Religious Attendance on Political Participation among Ethnic Minorities of Different Religions.” European Journal of Political Research 54 (2): 271–287. doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilley, J. 2002. “Political Generations and Partisanship in the UK, 1964–1997.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) 165 (1): 121–135. doi: 10.1111/1467-985X.00628
   Google Scholar
• University of Essex Institute for Social and Economic Research, NatCen Social Research, Kantar Public. 2018. Understanding Society: Waves 1-7, 2009–2016 and Harmonised BHPS: Waves 1-18, 1991-2009. [data collection]. 10th Edition. UK Data Service. SN: 6614. doi: 10.5255/UKDA-SN-6614-11
   Google Scholar
• Van Tubergen, F., and JÍ Sindradóttir. 2011. “The Religiosity of Immigrants in Europe: A Cross-National Study.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 50 (2): 272–288. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01567.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. M. 2012. “How Are We Doing? Group-based Economic Assessments and African American Political Behavior.” Electoral Studies 31 (3): 550–561. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2012.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar