1,200
Views
46
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The mixed embeddedness of transnational migrant entrepreneurs: Moroccans in Amsterdam and Milan

ORCID Icon

References

  • Ambrosini, Maurizio. 2012. “Migrants’Entrepreneurship in Transnational Social Fields: Research in the Italian Context.” International Review of Sociology 22 (2): 273–292. doi:10.1080/03906701.2012.696970.
  • Anthias, Floya, and Maja Cederberg. 2009. “Using Ethnic Bonds in Self-Employment and the Issue of Social Capital.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 35 (6): 901–917. doi:10.1080/13691830902957692.
  • Arieff, Alexis. 2015. “Morocco: Current Issues.” Congressional Research Service Report. Washington D.C.: U.S. Congressional Research Service.
  • Bagwell, Susan. 2008. “Transnational Family Networks and Ethnic Minority Business Development: The Case of Vietnamese Nail-Shops in the UK.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research 14 (6): 377–394. doi:10.1108/13552550810910960.
  • Bagwell, Susan. 2015. “Transnational Entrepreneurship Amongst Vietnamese Businesses in London.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 41 (2): 329–349. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2014.907739.
  • Bagwell, Susan. 2018. “From Mixed Embeddedness to Transnational Mixed Embeddedness: An Exploration of Vietnamese Businesses in London.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24 (1): 104–120. doi:10.1108/IJEBR-01-2017-0035.
  • Baltar, Fabiola, and Ignasi Brunet Icart. 2013. “Entrepreneurial Gain, Cultural Similarity and Transnational Entrepreneurship.” Global Networks 13 (2): 200–220. doi:10.1111/glob.12020.
  • Barberis, Eduardo, Alba Angelucci, Ryan Jepson, and Yuri Kazepov. 2017. Divercities: Dealing with Urban Diversity – The Case of Milan. Utrecht: Utrecht University. Faculty of Geosciences.
  • Baron, Robert A. 2015. “Social Capital.” In Wiley Encyclopedia of Management, edited by Cary L Cooper, 1–3. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/9781118785317.weom030086.
  • Bauböck, Rainer, and Thomas Faist, eds. 2010. Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Bijwaard, Govert E. 2010. “Immigrant Migration Dynamics Model for The Netherlands.” Journal of Population Economics 23 (4): 1213–1247. doi:10.1007/s00148-008-0228-1.
  • Bontje, Marco, and Bart Sleutjes. 2007. Accomodating Creative Knowledge: A Literature Review from a European Perspective. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam institute for Metropolitan and International Development Studies (AMIDSt).
  • Brzozowski, Jan, Marco Cucculelli, and Aleksander Surdej. 2017. “The Determinants of Transnational Entrepreneurship and Transnational Ties’ Dynamics among Immigrant Entrepreneurs in ICT Sector in Italy.” International Migration 55 (3): 105–125. doi:10.1111/imig.12335 .
  • Castells, Manuel. 1996. The Rise of The Network Society: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Hoboken: Wiley.
  • Castles, Stephen, Hein de Hass, and Mark Miller. 2014. The Age of Migration, Fifth Edition: International Population Movements in the Modern World. 5th ed. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Chen, Wenhong, and Justin Tan. 2009. “Understanding Transnational Entrepreneurship Through a Network Lens: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33 (5): 1079–1091. doi:10.1111/etap.2009.33.issue-5.
  • Colombo, Asher, and Giuseppe Sciortino. 2004. “Italian Immigration: The Origins, Nature and Evolution of Italy’s Migratory Systems.” Journal of Modern Italian Studies 9 (1): 49–70. doi:10.1080/1354571042000179182.
  • Crossley, Nick, Elisa Bellotti, Gemma Edwards, Martin Everett, Johan Koskinen, and Mark Tranmer. 2015. Social Network Analysis for Ego-Nets. London: Sage Publications.
  • Drori, Israel, Benson Honig, and Mike Wright. 2009. “Transnational Entrepreneurship: An Emergent Field of Study.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33 (5): 1001–1022. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00332.x.
  • Elliott, Anthony, and John Urry. 2010. Mobile Lives. London . New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Elo, Maria, and Jörg Freiling. 2015. “Transnational Entrepreneurship: An Introduction to the Volume.” American Journal of Entrepreneurship 8 (2): 1–8.
  • Fellini, Ivana. 2018. “Immigrants’ Labour Market Outcomes in Italy and Spain: Has the Southern European Model Disrupted During the Crisis?” Migration Studies 6 (1): 53–78. doi:10.1093/migration/mnx029.
  • Gabrielli, Lorenzo, and Núria Franco-Guillén. 2018. “Transnational Diaspora Entrepreneuship: The Case of Moroccans in Catalonia.” 7. GRITIM-UPF Policy Series. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
  • Gerhards, Jürgen. 2012. From Babel to Brussels. European Integration and the Importance of Transnational Linguistic Capital. Berlin Studies on the Sociology of Europe 28. Berlin.
  • Granovetter, Mark. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78 (6): 1360–1380.
  • Granovetter, Mark. 1985. “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 91 (3): 481–510. doi:10.1086/228311.
  • Granovetter, Mark. 2017. Society and Economy: Framework and Principles. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Honig, Benson, Israel Drori, and Barbara Anne Carmichael. 2010. Transnational and Immigrant Entrepreneurship in a Globalized World. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Jones, Trevor, Monder Ram, and Nick Theodorakopoulos. 2010. “Transnationalism as a Force for Ethnic Minority Enterprise? The Case of Somalis in Leicester: Transnationalism and Ethnic Minority Enterprise in the UK.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 34 (3): 565–585. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00913.x.
  • Kariv, Dafna, Teresa V. Menzies, Gabrielle A. Brenner, and Louis Jacques Filion. 2009. “Transnational Networking and Business Performance: Ethnic Entrepreneurs in Canada.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 21 (3): 239–264. doi:10.1080/08985620802261641.
  • Katila, Saija, and Östen Wahlbeck. 2012. “The Role of (Transnational) Social Capital in the Start-up Processes of Immigrant Businesses: The Case of Chinese and Turkish Restaurant Businesses in Finland.” International Small Business Journal 30 (3): 294–309. doi:10.1177/0266242610383789.
  • Kloosterman, Robert. 2010. “Matching Opportunities with Resources: A Framework for Analysing (Migrant) Entrepreneurship From a Mixed Embeddedness Perspective.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 22 (1): 25–45. doi:10.1080/08985620903220488.
  • Kloosterman, Robert. 2014. “Faces of Migration: Migrants and the Transformation of Amsterdam.” In Migration and London’s Growth, edited by B. Kochan, 127–142. London: LSE London.
  • Kloosterman, Robert, and Jan Rath. 2001. “Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Advanced Economies: Mixed Embeddedness Further Explored.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 27 (2): 189–201. doi:10.1080/13691830020041561.
  • Kloosterman, Robert, Joanne van der Leun, and Jan Rath. 1999. “Mixed Embeddedness: (In)Formal Economic Activities and Immigrant Businesses in the Netherlands.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 23 (2): 252–266. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00194.
  • Levitt, Peggy, and B. Nadya Jaworsky. 2007. “Transnational Migration Studies: Past Developments and Future Trends.” Annual Review of Sociology 33 (1): 129–156. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131816.
  • Lubbers, Miranda Jessica, José Luis Molina, and Christopher McCarty. 2007. “Personal Networks and Ethnic Identifications: The Case of Migrants in Spain.” International Sociology 22 (6): 721–741. doi:10.1177/0268580907082255.
  • Miera, Frauke. 2008. “Transnational Strategies of Polish Migrant Entrepreneurs in Trade and Small Business in Berlin.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 34 (5): 753–770. doi:10.1080/13691830802106010.
  • Mingione, Enzo, Elena Dell’Agnese, Silvia Mugnano, Marianna d’Ovidio, Bertram Niessen, and Carla Sedini. 2007. Milan City-Region Is It Still Competitive and Charming?: Pathways to Creative and Knowledge-Based Regions. Amsterdam: AMIDSt, University of Amsterdam.
  • Morawska, Ewa. 2004. “Immigrant Transnational Entrepreneurs in New York: Three Varieties and Their Correlates.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 10 (5): 325–348. doi:10.1108/13552550410554311.
  • OECD. 2010. Open for Business. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • OECD. 2017. Missing Entrepreneurs 2017: Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Patel, Pankaj C., and Betty Conklin. 2009. “The Balancing Act: The Role of Transnational Habitus and Social Networks in Balancing Transnational Entrepreneurial Activities.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33 (5): 1045–1078. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00334.x.
  • Polanyi, Karl. 1957. “The Economy as an Instituted Process.” In Trade and Market in the Early Empires: Economies in History and Theory, edited by Karl Polanyi, Conrad M. Arensberg, and Harry W. Pearson, 243–269. London: McMillan.
  • Portes, Alejandro, Luis Eduardo Guarnizo, and William J. Haller. 2002. “Transnational Entrepreneurs: An Alternative Form of Immigrant Economic Adaptation.” American Sociological Review 67 (2): 278–298. doi:10.2307/3088896.
  • Portes, Alejandro, and Julia Sensenbrenner. 1993. “Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action.” American Journal of Sociology 98 (6): 1320–1350. doi:10.1086/230191.
  • Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. 1. touchstone ed. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
  • Ram, Monder, Trevor Jones, and María Villares-Varela. 2017. “Migrant Entrepreneurship: Reflections on Research and Practice.” International Small Business Journal 35 (1): 3–18. doi:10.1177/0266242616678051.
  • Rath, Jan. 2009. “The Netherlands. A Reluctant Country of Immigration.” Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie 100 (5): 674–681. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2009.00579.x.
  • Rath, Jan, and Eurofound. 2011. Promoting Ethnic Entrepreneurship in European Cities. Luxembourg: European Union.
  • Rath, Jan, and Veronique Schutjens. 2016. “Migrant Entrepreneurship: Alternative Paradigms of Economic Integration.” In Routledge Handbook of Immigration and Refugee Studies, edited by Anna Triandafyllidou, 96–103. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Rath, Jan, Giacomo Solano, and Veronique Schutjens. 2019 (in press). “Migrant Entrepreneurship: Alternative Paradigms of Economic Integration.” In Migrant Entrepreneurship and Transnational Links, edited by C. Inglis, B. Khadria, and W. Li. The Sage Handbook of International Migration. Sage.
  • Recchi, Ettore, and Adrian Favell. 2009. Pioneers of European Integration: Citizenship and Mobility in the EU. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
  • Rezaei, Shahamak, Ivan Light, and Edward Telles. 2016. “Editorial of the Special Issue on Brain Circulation and Transnational Entrepreneurship.” International Journal of Business and Globalisation 16 (3): 203–208.
  • Riddle, Liesl, George A. Hrivnak, and Tjai M. Nielsen. 2010. “Transnational Diaspora Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets: Bridging Institutional Divides.” Journal of International Management 16 (4): 398–411. doi:10.1016/j.intman.2010.09.009.
  • Rusinovic, Katja. 2008. “Transnational Embeddedness: Transnational Activities and Networks among First- and Second-Generation Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the Netherlands.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 34 (3): 431–451. doi:10.1080/13691830701880285.
  • Saxenian, AnnaLee. 1999. Silicon Valley’s New Immigrant Entrepreneurs. San Francisco, CA: Public Policy Institute of California.
  • Schiller, Nina Glick, and Ayse Çağlar. 2013. “Locating Migrant Pathways of Economic Emplacement: Thinking Beyond the Ethnic Lens.” Ethnicities 13 (4): 494–514. doi:10.1177/1468796813483733.
  • Silverman, David. 2000. Doing Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Solano, Giacomo. 2015. “Transnational vs. Domestic Immigrant Entrepreneurs: A Comparative Literature Analysis of the Use of Personal Skills and Social Networks.” American Journal of Entrepreneurship 8 (2): 1–21.
  • Solano, Giacomo. 2016a. Immigrant Self-Employment and Transnational Practices: The Case of Moroccan Entrepreneurs in Amsterdam and Milan. Amsterdam-Milan: University of Amsterdam - University of Milan-Bicocca.
  • Solano, Giacomo. 2016b. “Multifocal Entrepreneurial Practices: The Case of Moroccan Import/Export Businesses in Milan.” International Journal Entrepreneurship and Small Business. doi:10.1504/IJESB.2016.078698.
  • Terjesen, Siri, and Amanda Elam. 2009. “Transnational Entrepreneurs’ Venture Internationalization Strategies: A Practice Theory Approach.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33 (5): 1093–1120. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00336.x.
  • Urbano, David, Nuria Toledano, and Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano. 2011. “Socio-Cultural Factors and Transnational Entrepreneurship: A Multiple Case Study in Spain.” International Small Business Journal 29 (2): 119–134. doi:10.1177/0266242610391934.
  • Vacca, Raffaele, Giacomo Solano, Miranda Jessica Lubbers, José Luis Molina, and Christopher McCarty. 2018. “A Personal Network Approach to the Study of Immigrant Structural Assimilation and Transnationalism.” Social Networks 53 (May): 72–89. doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2016.08.007.
  • Valenzuela-García, Hugo, José Molina, Miranda Lubbers, Alejandro García-Macías, Judith Pampalona, and Juergen Lerner. 2014. “On Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Networks in a Multilayered Reality: Clashing Interests in the Ethnic Enclave of Lloret de Mar.” Societies 4 (1): 85–104. doi:10.3390/soc4010085.
  • Vandenbrande, Tom, ed. 2006. “Mobility in Europe: Analysis of the 2005 Eurobarometer Survey on Geographical and Labour Market Mobility.” European Union. EF, 06,59 EN. Luxembourg.
  • Wang, Qingfang, and Wei Li. 2007. “Entrepreneurship, Ethnicity and Local Contexts: Hispanic Entrepreneurs in Three U.S. Southern Metropolitan Areas.” GeoJournal 68 (2–3): 167–182. doi:10.1007/s10708-007-9081-0.
  • Wang, Qingfang, and Cathy Yang Liu. 2015. “Transnational Activities of Immigrant-Owned Firms and Their Performances in the USA.” Small Business Economics 44 (2): 345–359. doi:10.1007/s11187-014-9595-z.
  • Zapata-Barrero, Ricard, and Shahamak Rezaei. 2020. “Diaspora Governance and Transnational Entrepreneurship: the Rise of an Emerging Social Global Pattern in Migration Studies.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46 (10): 1959–1973. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1559990.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.