1,045
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular Articles

Cantonese migrant networks, white supremacy, and the political utility of apologies in Canada

References

  • Adachi, K. 1976. The Enemy That Never Was: A History of Japanese Canadians. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
  • Anderson, S. 2017. “The Stories Nations Tell: Sites of Pedagogy, Historical Consciousness, and National Narratives.” Canadian Journal of Education 40 (1): 1–38.
  • Azusa, E. 2005. Between Two Empires: Race, History, and Transnationalism in Japanese America. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Backhouse, C. 1999. Colour-Coded: A History of Racism in Canada, 1900-1950. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Ballantyne, T. 2014. Webs of Empire: Locating New Zealand’s Colonial Past. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Brawley, S. 1995. White Peril: Foreign Relations and Asian Immigration to Australasia and North America, 1919-1978. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
  • Chan, H., A. Curthoys, and N. Chiang, eds. 2001. The Overseas Chinese in Australasia: History, Settlement and Interactions. Taipei: Interdisciplinary Group for Australasian Studies and Centre for the Study of the Chinese Southern Diaspora Press.
  • Chang, K. 2012. Pacific Connections: The Making of the U.S.-Canadian Borderlands. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • City of Vancouver. 2017. “Administrative Report: Historical Discrimination Against Chinese People in Vancouver.” https://council.vancouver.ca/20171031/documents/rr1.pdf. Accessed online on October 23, 2018.
  • City of Vancouver. 2018. “City of Vancouver’s Official Apology to the Chinese Community: Recognizing Historical Discrimination Against Chinese People in Vancouver.” https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/18-112-06%20chinese-apology-media-english.pdf. Accessed online on October 23, 2018.
  • City of Vancouver. 2019. “Chinatown Transformation Project: Approved by City Council on April 2, 2019” Accessed on July 20, 2021 from: https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/chinatown-transformation.aspx and https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/chinatown-legacy-stewardship-group-terms-of-reference.pdf.
  • Dubinsky, K., A. Perry, and H. Yu, eds. 2015. Within and Without the Nation: Canadian History as Transnational History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Dudziak, Mary. 2011. Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Fitzgerald, S. 1996. Red Tape Gold Scissors: The Story of Sydney's Chinese. Sydney: State Library of New South Wales Press.
  • Geiger, A. 2011. Subverting Exclusion: Transpacific Encounters with Race, Caste, and Borders, 1885–1928. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Gao, J. 2022. “Riding the Waves of Transformation in the Asia-Pacific: Chinese Migration to Australia Since the Late 1980s.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (4): 933–950. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1983955.
  • Guo, S. 2022. “Reimagining Chinese Diasporas in a Transnational World: Toward a new Research Agenda.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (4): 847–872. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1983958.
  • Hsu, M. 2000. Dreaming of Gold, Dreaming of Home: Transnationalism and Migration Between the United States and China, 1882-1943. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Hsu, M. 2015. The Good Immigrants: How the Yellow Peril Became the Model Minority. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Huttenback, R. 1976. Racism and Empire : White Settlers and Colored Immigrants in the British Self-Governing Colonies, 1830-1910. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Ichioka, Y. 1990. Issei: The World of the First Generation Japanese Immigrants, 1885-1924. Boston: Free Press.
  • Ishiguro, L. 2016. “Editor and Introduction, Special Issue, “Histories of Settler Colonialism,”.” BC Studies 190: 15–37.
  • Jameson, E., and J. Mouat. 2006. “Telling Differences: The 49th Parallel and Historiographies of the West and Nation.” Pacific Historical Review 75 (2): 183–230.
  • Johnson, H. 1979. The Voyage of the Komagata Maru: The Sikh Challenge to Canada's Colour Bar. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Kazimi, A. 2011. Undesirables: White Canada and the Komagata Maru. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.
  • Lake, M., and H. Reynolds. 2008. Drawing the Global Colour Line: White Men’s Countries and the International Challenge of Racial Equality. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
  • Lee, E. 2003. At America's Gates: Chinese Immigration During the Exclusion Era, 1882-1943. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Lee, E. 2005. “Orientalisms in the Americas: A Hemispheric Approach to Asian American History.” Journal of Asian American Studies 8 (3): 235–256.
  • Lee, E. 2007. “Hemispheric Orientalism and the 1907 Pacific Coast Race Riots.” Amerasia Journal 33 (2): 19–48.
  • Mackie, J., D. Fumano, and J. Lee-Young. 2017. “Developers shocked city turned down Chinatown development,” Vancouver Sun, November 8, 2017, online at https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/developers-shocked-city-turned-down-chinatown-development. Accessed on July 20, 2021.
  • Mar, L. 2010. Brokering Belonging: Chinese in Canada’s Exclusion era, 1885-1945. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Mawani, R. 2009. Colonial Proximities: Crossracial Encounters and Juridical Truths in British Columbia, 1871-1921. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
  • McClain, C. 1996. In Search of Equality: The Chinese Struggle Against Discrimination in Nineteenth-Century America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • McKenzie, F., L. Madokoro, and D. Meren, eds. 2016. Dominion of Race: Rethinking Canada’s International History. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • McKeown, A. 2001. Chinese Migrant Networks and Cultural Change: Peru, Chicago, and Hawaii 1900-1936. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • McKeown, A. 2008. Melancholy Order: Asian Migration and the Globalization of Borders. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Miki, R. 2004. Redress: Inside the Japanese Canadian Call for Justice. Vancouver, BC: Raincoast Books.
  • Ngai, M. 2004. Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Nora, P. 1989. “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mimoire,” Representations (no. 26, Spring 1989):7-25.
  • Park, Y. J. 2022. “Forever Foreign? Is There a Future for Chinese People in Africa?” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (4): 894–912. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1983953.
  • Price, C. 1974. The Great White Walls are Built: Restrictive Immigration to North America and Australasia 1836-1888. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
  • Price, J. 2020. “Relocating Yuquot: The Indigenous Pacific and Transpacific Migrations.” BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly 204: 11–44.
  • Ren, Na, and Hong Liu. 2022. “Southeast Asian Chinese Engage a Rising China: Business Associations, Institutionalised Transnationalism, and the Networked State.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (4): 873–893. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1983952
  • Roy, P. 1989. A White Man's Province: British Columbia Politicians and Chinese and Japanese Immigrants, 1858-1914. Vancouver and Toronto: UBC Press.
  • Roy, P. 2003. The Oriental Question: Consolidating a White Man's Province, 1914-41. Vancouver and Toronto: UBC Press.
  • Ryan, J. 1995a. Ancestors: Chinese in Colonial Australia. Fremantle: Fremantle Arts Centre Press.
  • Ryan, J., ed. 1995b. Chinese in Australia and New Zealand: A Multidisciplinary Approach. New Delhi: New Age International Press.
  • Salyer, L. 1995. Laws as Harsh as Tigers: Chinese Immigrants and the Shaping of American Immigration Law. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Sandage, S. 1993. “A Marble House Divided: The Lincoln Memorial, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Politics of Memory, 1939-1963.” The Journal of American History 80 (1): 135.
  • Saxton, A. 1975. The Indispensable Enemy: Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Siebert, A., and L. Lau. 2017. “Over 4,000 Vancouverites stand up to racism at counterprotest at city hall,” Georgia Straight, August 19.
  • Sinn, E. 2012. Pacific Crossing: California Gold, Chinese Migration, and the Making of Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Stanley, T. 2006. “Whose Public? Whose Memory? Racisms, Grand Narratives and Canadian History.” In To the Past: History Education, Public Memory and Citizenship Education in Canada, edited by R. Sandwell, 32–49. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Stanley, T. 2011. Contesting White Supremacy: School Segregation, Anti-Racism, and the Making of Chinese Canadians. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Stanley, T. 2014. “John A. Macdonald and the invention of white supremacy in Canada.” Canadian Issues, Fall, 29–32.
  • Statistics Canada. 2017. Immigration and ethnocultural diversity: Key results from the 2016 Census. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/171025/dq171025b-eng.htm.
  • Sunohara, A. 1981. The Politics of Racism: The Uprooting of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War. Toronto: Larimer.
  • Thelan, D., ed. 1990. Memory and American History. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.
  • Torpey, J. 2006. Making Whole What Has Been Smashed: On Reparations Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wang, G. 2002. The Chinese Overseas: From Earthbound China to the Quest for Autonomy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wat, T. 2014. Chinese Historical Wrongs Consultation Final Report and Recommendations. Victoria: Province of British Columbia. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/british-columbians-our-governments/our-history/historic-places/documents/heritage/chinese-legacy/final_report_and_recommendations.pdf . Accessed October 23, 2018.
  • Wickberg, E., ed. 1982. From China to Canada: A History of Chinese Communities in Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
  • Williams, M. 2017. To Return Home in Glory. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong Press.
  • Wolfe, P. 2016. Traces of History: Elementary Structures of Race. London: Verso.
  • Wu, J. 2022. “A Hierarchy of Aspirations Within a Field of Educational Possibilities: The Futures of Chinese Immigrants in Luxembourg.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (4): 951–968. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1983956.
  • Young, E. 2014. Alien Nation: Asian Migration from the Coolie Era Through World War II. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Yu, H. 2009, Autumn. “Global Migrants and the new Pacific Canada.” International Journal 64 (4): 147–162.
  • Yu, H. 2011. “The Rhythms of the Trans-Pacific and The Intermittent Rhythms of the Cantonese Pacific.” In Connecting Seas and Connecting Ocean Rims: Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans and China Seas Migrations from the 1830s, edited by D. Gabaccia, and D. Hoerder. Leiden: Brill.
  • Yu, H. 2015. “Conceiving a Pacific Canada: Trans-Pacific Migration Networks Within and Without Nations.” In Within and Without Nations, edited by K. Dubinsky, A. Perry, and H. Yu, 187–211. Within and Without the Nation: Canadian History as Transnational History.
  • Yu, H. 2017. “Chinese Migrations.” In Companion to Chinese History, edited by M. Szonyi, 343–359. Oxford: Wiley & Sons.
  • Yu, H. 2018a. “Who Are We? When Are We? A Migration History That Reframes Race, Ethnicity, and Immigrants at Canada’s 150.” In Immigration, Racial and Ethnic Studies in 150 Years of Canada: Retrospects and Prospects, edited by Shibao Guo, and Lloyd Wong, 39–48. Leiden: Brill.
  • Yu, H. 2018b. “Unbound Space: Migration, Aspiration, and the Making of Time in the Cantonese Pacific.” In Pacific Futures: Past and Present, edited by W. Anderson, M. Johnson, and B. Brookes, 178–204. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
  • Yu, H., and S. Chan. 2017. “The Cantonese Pacific: Migration Networks and Mobility Across Space and Time.” In Trans-Pacific Mobilities: The Chinese in Canada, edited by L. Wong, 25–48. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Yu, H., and S. Hermansen. 2014. “The Irony of Discrimination: Mapping Historical Migration Using Chinese Head Tax Data.” In Historical GIS Research in Canada, edited by J. Bonnell, and M. Fortin, 225–237. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
  • Yu, H., S. Ling, and D. Fong. 2019. “Re-Storying and Restoring Pacific Canada: Alternative Pasts for a Changing Present.” In Oral History, Education, and Justice: Possibilities and Limitations for Redress and Reconciliation, edited by N. Ng-A-Fook, and K. Llewellyn, 13–31. Toronto: Taylor and Francis.
  • Yu, H., S. Ling, S. Shen, and B. Wong. 2018. Translated into Chinese by S. Shen. Journeys of Hope: Challenging Discrimination and Building on Vancouver Chinatown’s Legacies, 希望之旅:挑戰歧視、宣揚溫哥華唐人街的歷史文化遺產, Vancouver: INSTRCC UBC and City of Vancouver.
  • Zhou, M., and A. Y. Yang. 2022. “Divergent Experiences and Patterns of Integration: Contemporary Chinese Immigrants in Metropolitan Los Angeles, USA.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (4): 913–932. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1983954.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.