‘They laughed at me, but I left that job’: occupational agency of Latvian migrant workers in the United Kingdom

References

• Alberti, G. 2014. “Mobility Strategies, ‘Mobility Differentials’ and ‘Transnational Exit’: The Experiences of Precarious Migrants in London’s Hospitality Jobs.” Work, Employment and Society 28 (6): 865–881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, B., and M. Ruhs. 2010. Who Needs Migrant Workers? Labour Shortages, Immigration, and Public Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Archer, S. M. 1995. Realist Social Theory: The Morphogenetic Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Archer, S. M. 2000. Being Human: The Problem of Agency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Archer, M. 2010. “Routine, Reflexivity, and Realism.” Sociological Theory 28 (3): 272–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson, W. 2010. Class, Individualization and Late Modernity: In Search of the Reflexive Worker. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Bakewell, O. 2010. “Some Reflections on Structure and Agency in Migration Theory.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (10): 1689–1708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barth, F. 1969. “Introduction.” In Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Cultural Differences, edited by F. Barth, 9–38. Bergen [etc.]: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Blinder, S., and L. Richards. 2020. UK Public Opinion toward Immigration: Overall Attitudes and Level of Concern. Briefing. https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/briefings/uk-public-opinion-toward-immigration-overall-attitudes-and-level-of-concern/.
   Google Scholar
• Botterill, K., and J. Hancock. 2018. “Rescaling Belonging in “Brexit Britain”: Spatial Identities and Practices of Polish Nationals in Scotland After the U.K. Referendum on European Union Membership.” Population, Space and Place 25 (1): 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. 1998. Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bulat, A. 2019. “‘High-Skilled Good, Low-Skilled Bad?’ British, Polish and Romanian Attitudes Towards Low-Skilled EU Migration.” National Institute Economic Review 248 (1): R49–R57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cara, O. 2015. “Diasporas Bērnu Mācību Gaitas Anglijas Skolās: Kvantitatīvs Skatījums.” In Radot Iespējas Attīstībai: Diasporas Bētnu un Jauniešu Izglītība, edited by A. Lulle, and E. Kļave, 241–258. Riga: LU Akadēmiskais apgāds.
   Google Scholar
• Datta, A., and K. Brickell. 2009. ““We Have a Little bit More Finesse, as a Nation”: Constructing the Polish Worker in London’s Building Sites.” Antipode 41 (3): 439–464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennison, J., and A. Geddes A. 2018. “Brexit and the Perils of ‘Europeanised’ Migration.” Journal of European Public Policy 25 (8): 1137–1153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eng.lsm.lv. n.d. Many UK Latvians considering return home, 28.12.2020. https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/latvians-abroad/many-uk-latvians-considering-return-home.a386906/.
   Google Scholar
• Erel, U. 2010. “Migrating Cultural Capital: Bourdieu in Migration Studies.” Sociology 44 (4): 642–660.
   Google Scholar
• EU speech at Bloomberg. 2013. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/eu-speech-at-bloomberg.
   Google Scholar
• Fernández-Reino, M., M. Sumption, and C. Vargas-Silva. 2020. “From Low-Skilled to Key Workers: The Implications of Emergencies for Immigration Policy.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 36 (1): 382–396.
   Google Scholar
• Findlay, A., D. McCollum, S. Shubin, E. Apsite, and Z. Krisjane. 2013. “The Role of Recruitment Agencies in Imagining and Producing the ‘Good’ Migrant.” Social & Cultural Geography 14 (2): 145–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forde, C., and R. MacKenzie. 2010. “The Ethical Agendas of Employment Agencies Towards.” Journal of Business Ethics 97: 31–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, E. J., L. Moroşanu, and E. Szilassy. 2015. “Denying Discrimination: Status, ‘Race’, and the Whitening of Britain’s New Europeans.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 41 (5): 729–748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guidance. 2020. Check if you can claim for your employees’ wages through the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/claim-for-wage-costs-through-the-coronavirus-job-retention-scheme.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, F. A., and V. Di Stasio. 2019. “Racial Discrimination in Britain, 1969–2017: A Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments on Racial Discrimination in the British Labour Market.” The British Journal of Sociology 70 (5): 1774–1798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellwig, T., and A. Sinno. 2017. “Different Groups, Different Threats: Public Attitudes Towards Immigrants.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43 (3): 339–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewson, M. 2010. “Agency.” In Encyclopaedia of Case Study Research, edited by J. A. Mills, G. Durepos, and E. Wiebe, 12–16. London: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hickman, J. M., N. Mai, and H. Crowley. 2012. Migration and Social Cohesion in the UK. Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Ķešāne, I., and L. F. Weyher. 2020. “(Self-)Confidence, Migration, and the State: A Study of Emigration from Latvia.” Social Currents 8 (1): 25–44.
   Google Scholar
• Ļevina, J., and K. Mārtinsone. 2018. “Anomia, Social Participation and Subjective Well-Being: A Psychological Perspective.” In Pluralism Anxiety: Acting Socially in Latvia, edited by S. Kruk, 67–90. Riga: Rīga Stradiņš University.
   Google Scholar
• Levitt, P., and N. Glick Schiller. 2004. “Conceptualizing Simultaneity: A Transnational Social Field Perspective on Society.” International Migration Review 38 (3): 1002–1039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez Rodriguez, M. 2010. “Migration and a Quest for ‘Normalcy’. Polish Migrant Mothers and the Capitalization of Meritocratic Opportunities in the UK.” Social Identities 16 (3): 339–358.
   Google Scholar
• Lulle, A., R. King, V. Dvorakova, and A. Szkudlarek. 2019. “Between Disruptions and Connections: “new” European Union Migrants in the United Kingdom Before and After the Brexit.” Population, Space and Place 25 (1): 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lulle, A., L. Moroşanu, and K. Russell. 2018. “And Then Came Brexit: Experiences and Future Plans of Young EU Migrants in the London Region.” Population, Space and Place 24 (1): 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumsden, K., J. Goode, and A. Black. 2018. “‘I Will Not Be Thrown Out of the Country Because I’m an Immigrant’: Eastern European Migrants’ Responses to Hate Crime in a Semi-Rural Context in the Wake of Brexit.” Sociological Research Online 24 (2): 167–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCollum, D., and A. Findlay. 2015. “'Flexible’ Workers for ‘Flexible’ Jobs? The Labour Market Function of A8 Migrant Labour in the UK.” Work, Employment and Society 29 (3): 427–443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowell, L., A. Batnitzky, and S. Dyer. 2007. “Division, Segmentation, and Interpellation: The Embodied Labors of Migrant Workers in a Greater London Hotel.” Economic Geography 83 (1): 1–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mieriņa, I. 2019. “An Integrated Approach to Surveying Emigrants Worldwide.” In The Emigrant Communities of Latvia: National Identity, Transnational Belonging and Return Migration, edited by I. Mieriņa, and R. Kaša, 119–144. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Moroşanu, L., and J. E. Fox. 2013. “‘No Smoke Without Fire’: Strategies of Coping with Stigmatised Migrant Identities.” Ethnicities 13 (4): 438–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moroşanu, L., K. Russell, A. Lulle, and M. Pratsinakis. 2019. “‘One Improves Here Every Day’: The Occupational and Learning Journeys of ‘Lower-Skilled’ European Migrants in the London Region.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (8): 1775–1792.
   Google Scholar
• Nowicka, M. 2014. “Migrating Skills, Skilled Migrants and Migration Skills: The Influence of Contexts on the Validation of Migrants’ Skills.” Migration Letters 11 (2): 171–186.
   Google Scholar
• Paret, M., and S. Gleeson. 2016. “Precarity and Agency Through a Migration Lens.” Citizenship Studies 20 (3-4): 277–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parutis, V. 2011. “White, European, and Hardworking: East European Migrants’ Relationships with Other Communities in London.” Journal of Baltic Studies 42 (2): 263–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parutis, V. 2014. “‘Economic Migrants’ or ‘Middling Transnationals’? East European Migrants’ Experiences of Work in the UK.” International Migration 52 (1): 36–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quillian, L., A. Heath, D. Pager, A. H. Midtbøen, F. Fleischmann, and O. Hexel. 2019. “Do Some Countries Discriminate More Than Others? Evidence from 97 Field Experiments of Racial Discrimination in Hiring.” Sociological Science 6: 467–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogaly, B. 2020. Stories from a Migrant City: Living and Working Together in the Shadow of Brexit. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rzepnikowska, A. 2018. “Racism and Xenophobia Experienced by Polish Migrants in the UK Before and After Brexit Vote.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 (1): 61–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savage, M., et al. 2013. “A New Model of Social Class? Findings from the BBC’s Great British Class Survey Experiment.” Sociology 47 (2): 219–250.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, C., M. Simon, D. Hudson, and J. Van-Heerde-Hudson. 2020. “A Populist Paradox? How Brexit Softened Anti-Immigrant Attitudes.” British Journal of Political Science 51 (3): 1160–1180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standing, G. 2011. The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Tabuns, A. 2019. “Latvian Migrants in Foreign Labour Markets: Job Placement and Discrimination.” In The Emigrant Communities of Latvia: National Identity, Transnational Belonging and Return Migration, edited by I. Mieriņa, and R. Kaša, 97–115. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Trąbka, A., and P. Pustulka. 2020. “Bees & Butterflies: Polish Migrants’ Social Anchoring, Mobility and Risks Post-Brexit.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46 (13): 2664–2681.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrrell, N., D. Sime, C. Kelly, and Ch. McMellon. 2019. “Belonging in Brexit Britain: Central and Eastern European 1.5 Generation Young People's Experiences.” Population, Space and Place 25 (1): 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenberghe, F. 1999. ““The Real is Relational”: An Epistemological Analysis of Pierre Bourdieu’s Generative Structuralism.” Sociological Theory 17 (1): 32–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar