263
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular Articles

International students in China: regional distribution and macro-influencing factors

, , , &

References

  • Abbott, A., and M. Silles. 2016. “Determinants of International Student Migration.” The World Economy 39 (5): 621–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12319.
  • Ahmad, A. B., and M. Shah. 2018. “International Students’ Choice to Study in China: An Exploratory Study.” Tertiary Education and Management 24 (4): 325–337.
  • Albaladejo, I. P., and M. I. González-Martínez. 2019. “Non-constant Reputation Effect at Spanish Mediterranean Destinations.” In Tourist Destination Management, edited by N. Kozak, and M. Kozak, 209–225. Cham: Springer International.
  • Anselin, L. 1994. “Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis and Geographic Information Systems.” In New Tools for Spatial Analysis, edited by M. Painho, 45–54. Luxembourg: Eurostat.
  • Anselin, L. 1999. “Interactive Techniques and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis.” In Geographical Information Systems: Principles, Techniques, Management and Applications, edited by P. A. Longley, M. F. Goodchild, D. J. Maguire, and D. W. Rhind, 251–266. New York: Wiley.
  • Assadzadeh, A., S. Mamipour, and M. H. Najafi. 2014. “Estimation of Tourism Demand Function for Australian Destinations: A Time-Varying Parameter Approach.” Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research 25 (1): 108–116.
  • Ayeh, J. K., and S. Lin. 2011. “‘Estimating Tomorrow’s Tourist Arrivals’: Forecasting the Demand for China’s Tourism Using the General-to-Specific Approach.” Tourism and Hospitality Research 11 (3): 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358411415466.
  • Beine, M., R. Noël, and L. Ragot. 2014. “Determinants of the International Mobility of Students.” Economics of Education Review 41: 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2014.03.003.
  • Bento, J. P. C. 2014. “The Determinants of International Academic Tourism Demand in Europe.” Tourism Economics 20 (3): 611–628. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0293
  • Bertocchi, G., and C. Strozzi. 2008. “International Migration and the Role of Institutions.” Public Choice 137 (1-2): 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x.
  • Bertoli, S., and J. Fernández-Huertas Moraga. 2013. “Multilateral Resistance to Migration.” Journal of Development Economics 102: 79–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.12.001.
  • Bodycott, P. 2009. “Choosing a Higher Education Study Abroad Destination: What Mainland Chinese Parents and Students Rate as Important.” Journal of Research in International Education 8 (3): 349–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240909345818.
  • Chiang, S.-Y. 2015. “Cultural Adaptation as a Sense-Making Experience: International Students in China.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 16 (2): 397–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-014-0346-4.
  • China Education Daily. 2018. “Education Achievements Within 40 Years from the Reform and Opening Up.” China Education Daily, December 18, 6 (40载砥砺奋进 成就辉煌载史册, 中国教育报, 2018年12月18日第6版. http://www.jyb.cn/rmtzgjyb/201812/t20181218_123632.html).
  • Chkaif, B., M. H. Sallam, M. Xu, and H. Thamik. 2022. “African Students’ Mobility to China: An Ecological Systematic Perspective.” Trames. Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 26 (2): 185–206. https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2022.2.05.
  • Collins, F. L., R. Sidhu, N. Lewis, and B. S. A. Yeoh. 2014. “Mobility and Desire: International Students and Asian Regionalism in Aspirational Singapore.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 35 (5): 661–676. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.921996
  • Dervin, F., X. Du, and A. Härkönen. 2018. International Students in China: Education, Student Life and Intercultural Encounters. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ding, X. 2016. “Exploring the Experiences of International Students in China.” Journal of Studies in International Education 20 (4): 319–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315316647164.
  • Eder, J., W. W. Smith, and R. E. Pitts. 2010. “Exploring Factors Influencing Student Study Abroad Destination Choice.” Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism 10 (3): 232–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2010.503534.
  • Gao, W., L. Wang, J. Yan, and Y. Wu. 2020. “China as a Global Destination for International Students.” Journal of Politics and Law 13 (1): 135–142.
  • Gong, Y., X. Gao, M. Li, and C. Lai. 2021. “Cultural Adaptation Challenges and Strategies During Study Abroad: New Zealand Students in China.” Language, Culture and Curriculum 34 (4): 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2020.1856129.
  • Gunawan, E. S. 2018. “The Growing Interest of Indonesian Students Studying in China Post Suharto Era.” Journal of Chinese Overseas 14 (1): 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341369.
  • Habibi, F. 2017. “The Determinants of Inbound Tourism to Malaysia: A Panel Data Analysis.” Current Issues in Tourism 20 (9): 909–930. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1145630.
  • Hatton, T. J., and T. J. Williamson. 1998. The age of Mass Migration: Causes and Economic Impact. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Haugen, H. O. 2012. “Nigerians in China: A Second State of Immobility.” International Migration 50 (2): 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2011.00713.x.
  • Ho, E. L.-E. 2018. “African Student Migrants in China: Negotiating the Global Geographies of Power Through Gastronomic Practices and Culture.” Food, Culture & Society 21 (1): 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2017.1398468.
  • Hong, M., and I. Hardy. 2022. “China’s Higher Education Branding: Study in China as an Emerging National Brand.” Journal of Marketing for Higher Education 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2022.2042761.
  • Hou, C., and D. Du. 2022. “The Changing Patterns of International Student Mobility: A Network Perspective.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (1): 248–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1797476.
  • Hughes, K., J. Wang, and M. Shu. 2015. “Exploring the Travel Patterns, Preferences and Recommendations of Chinese University Students Living in Australia.” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 23: 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2015.03.002.
  • Hussain, W. A., Y. Shao, B. Liu, H. Abbas, I. Sallieu Jalloh, R. Akhtar Jamsheed, M. Javed. 2023. “Exploring the International Postgraduates’ Perspective of Academic Problems in Chinese Universities Located in Wuhan, China.” Cogent Education 10 (1): 2168937. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2168937.
  • Hussein, S. T., S. Kusairi, and F. Ismail. 2022. “Modelling the Demand for Educational Tourism: Do Dynamic Effect, University Quality and Competitor Countries Play a Role?” Journal of Tourism Futures. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-09-2020-0144.
  • Jiang, Q., Y. Li, and V. Shypenka. 2018. “Loneliness, Individualism, and Smartphone Addiction Among International Students in China.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 21 (11): 711–718. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0115.
  • Jiani, M. A. 2017. “Why and How International Students Choose Mainland China as a Higher Education Study Abroad Destination.” Higher Education 74 (4): 563–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0066-0.
  • Kahanec, M., and R. Králiková. 2011. “Pulls of International Student Mobility.” IZA Discussion Paper, No. 6233.
  • Kosmaczewska, J., and S. Jameson. 2023. ““Education First” or “Tourism First”—What Influences the Choice of Location for International Exchange Students: Evidence from Poland.” Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 35 (2): 143–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2021.1963750.
  • Kulendran, N., and S. Divisekera. 2007. “Measuring the Economic Impact of Australian Tourism Marketing Expenditure.” Tourism Economics 13 (2): 261–274. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000007780823212.
  • Le Gallo, J., and C. Ertur. 2003. “Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis of the Distribution of Regional per Capita GDP in Europe, 1980–1995.” Papers in Regional Science 82 (2): 175–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101100300145.
  • LeSage, J., and R. K. Pace. 2009. Introduction to Spatial Econometrics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Li, X. 2015. “International Students in China: Cross-Cultural Interaction, Integration, and Identity Construction.” Journal of Language, Identity & Education 14 (4): 237–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2015.1070573
  • Li, W., L. Lo, and Y. Lu. 2023. “Introduction: The Intellectual Migration Analytics.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 49 (18): 4577–4597. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2023.2270314.
  • Li, W., L. Lo, Y. Lu, Y. Tan, and Z. Lu. 2021. “Intellectual Migration: Considering China.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47 (12): 2833–2853. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1739393.
  • Li, W., W. Yu, C. Sadowski-Smith, and H. Wang. 2015. “Intellectual Migration and Brain Circulation: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Evidence.” Journal of Chinese Overseas 11 (1): 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341300.
  • Lin, L., Z. Huang, B. Othman, and Y. Luo. 2020. “Let’s Make it Better: An Updated Model Interpreting International Student Satisfaction in China Based on PLS-SEM Approach.” PLoS One 15 (7): e0233546.
  • Liu, T.-M. 2020. “Habit Formation or Word of Mouth: What Does Lagged Dependent Variable in Tourism Demand Models Imply?” Tourism Economics 26 (3): 461–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619843041.
  • Liu, Y., P. Kamnuansilpa, and A. Hirofumi. 2018. “Factors Affecting International Students’ Decisions on Destination for Studying Abroad: A Case Study in China.” Frontiers of Education in China 13 (1): 93–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11516-018-0004-2.
  • Llewellyn-Smith, C., and V. S. McCabe. 2008. “What is the Attraction for Exchange Students: The Host Destination or Host University? Empirical Evidence from a Study of an Australian University.” International Journal of Tourism Research 10 (6): 593–607. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.692.
  • Lu, Y., J. Jean, and L. Ma. 2023. “Comparing Chinese Academic Returnees in Chengdu and Guangzhou: Reasons for Return, Choice of Destination, and Onward Migration Intention.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 49 (18): 4747–4767. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2023.2270342.
  • Lu, Z., W. Li, M. Li, and Y. Chen. 2019. “Destination China: International Students in Chengdu.” International Migration 57 (3): 354–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12464.
  • María Cubillo, J., J. Sánchez, and J. Cerviño. 2006. “International Students’ Decision-Making Process.” International Journal of Educational Management 20 (2): 101–105.
  • Martínez-Roget, F., E. Pawlowska, and X. A. Rodríguez. 2013. “The Economic Impact of Academic Tourism in Galicia, Spain.” Tourism Economics 19 (5): 1139–1153. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0236.
  • Mazzarol, T., and G. N. Soutar. 2002. “‘Push-Pull' Factors Influencing International Student Destination Choice.” International Journal of Educational Management 16 (2): 82–90.
  • Miao, L., J. Zheng, J. A. Jean, and Y. Lu. 2022. “China’s International Talent Policy (ITP): The Changes and Driving Forces, 1978-2020.” Journal of Contemporary China 31 (136): 644–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2021.1985843.
  • MoE. 2008. “Chinese Government Scholarships Will be Greatly Increased.” March 13. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/moe_1485/tnull_32735.html.
  • MoE. 2010. “Plan for Study in China.” September 21. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A20/moe_850/201009/t20100921_108815.html.
  • MoE. 2016. “National Statistics for International Students Studying in China in 2015.” April 14. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/201604/t20160414_238263.html.
  • MoE. 2017a. “Significant Increase of Foreign Students from the BRI Countries.” March 1. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/xw_fbh/moe_2069/xwfbh_2017n/xwfb_170301/170301_mtbd/201703/t20170302_297943.html.
  • MoE. 2017b. “Introduction to the Work of Studying Abroad Since the 18th CPC National Congress.” March 1. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/xw_fbh/moe_2069/xwfbh_2017n/xwfb_170301/170301_sfcl/201703/t20170301_297675.html.
  • MoE. 2019. “Statistics of International Students in 2018.” April 12. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/201904/t20190412_377692.html.
  • MoE, et al. 2020. “The Ministry of Education and Other Eight Departments to Accelerate and Expand the Opening-Up of Education in the New Era. August 3. https://www.ciftis.org/en/xmfb/flt46/education_services/news_center/2020083116184429823/index.html.
  • Mulvey, B. 2021. ““Decentring” International Student Mobility: The Case of African Student Migrants in China.” Population, Space and Place 27 (3): e2393. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2393.
  • Naidoo, V. 2007. “Research on the Flow of International Students to UK Universities: Determinants and Implications.” Journal of Research in International Education 6 (3): 287–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240907083197.
  • Nicholls, S. 2018. “Influences on International Student Choice of Study Destination: Evidence from the United States.” Journal of International Students 8 (2): 579–622.
  • Peng, B., H. Song, G. I. Crouch, and S. F. Witt. 2015. “A Meta-Analysis of International Tourism Demand Elasticities.” Journal of Travel Research 54 (5): 611–633. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514528283.
  • Peters, M. A., and T. Besley. 2018. “China’s Double First-Class University Strategy: 双一流.” Educational Philosophy and Theory 50 (12): 1075–1079. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2018.1438822.
  • Pieke, F. N. 2012. “Immigrant China.” Modern China 38 (1): 40–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700411424564.
  • Price, I., F. Matzdorf, L. Smith, and H. Agahi. 2003. “The Impact of Facilities on Student Choice of University.” Facilities 21 (10): 212–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770310493580.
  • Project Atlas. 2019. “A Quick Look at Global Mobility Trends.” https://iie.widen.net/s/frqlvhdjfb/project-atlas-infographics-2019.
  • Robinson, S. E., and K. J. Meier. 2006. “Path Dependence and Organizational Behavior: Bureaucracy and Social Promotion.” The American Review of Public Administration 36 (3): 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074006288299.
  • Rodríguez, X. A., F. Martínez-Roget, and E. Pawlowska. 2012. “Academic Tourism Demand in Galicia, Spain.” Tourism Management 33 (6): 1583–1590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.01.010.
  • Rodríguez González, C., R. Bustillo Mesanza, and P. Mariel. 2011. “The Determinants of International Student Mobility Flows: An Empirical Study on the Erasmus Programme.” Higher Education 62 (4): 413–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-010-9396-5.
  • Serikkaliyeva, A. E., G. E. Nadirova, and N. B. Saparbayeva. 2019. “Educational Migration from Kazakhstan to China: Reality and Prospects.” Integration of Education 23 (4): 504–517. https://doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.097.023.201904.504-517.
  • Singh, J. K. N. 2022. “Benefits of Studying in China: International Students from Top-Tier Chinese Universities “Spill the Beans”.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 46 (8): 1107–1119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2022.2052822.
  • Solimano, A. 2005. “Development Cycles, Political Regimes and International Migration: Argentina in the Twentieth Century.” In Poverty, International Migration and Asylum, edited by G. J. Borjas, and J. Crisp, 251–275. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Song, H., G. Li, S. E. Witt, and B. Fei. 2010. “Tourism Demand Modelling and Forecasting: How Should Demand Be Measured?” Tourism Economics 16 (1): 63–81. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000010790872213.
  • Sterling, S., and C.-L. Pang. 2013. “Managing Multi-Mobility and Multi-Layered Identity in China: How Ethnic Chinese-Venezuelan Returnees Cope with Chinese Language, Culture and Identity.” Asian Ethnicity 14 (4): 511–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2012.726141.
  • Tian, M., and J. A. Lowe. 2014. “Intercultural Identity and Intercultural Experiences of American Students in China.” Journal of Studies in International Education 18 (3): 281–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315313496582.
  • Tian, M., and J. Lowe. 2018. “International Student Recruitment as an Exercise in Soft Power: A Case Study of Undergraduate Medical Students at a Chinese University.” In International Students in China. Palgrave Studies on Chinese Education in a Global Perspective, edited by F. Dervin, X. Du, and A. Härkönen, 221–248. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Tian, M., and G. Lu. 2018. “Intercultural Learning, Adaptation, and Personal Growth: A Longitudinal Investigation of International Student Experiences in China.” Frontiers of Education in China 13 (1): 56–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11516-018-0003-3.
  • Van Bouwel, L., and R. Veugelers. 2013. “The Determinants of Student Mobility in Europe: The Quality Dimension.” European Journal of Higher Education 3 (2): 172–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2013.772345.
  • Wen, W., and D. Hu. 2019. “The Emergence of a Regional Education hub: Rationales of International Students’ Choice of China as the Study Destination.” Journal of Studies in International Education 23 (3): 303–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315318797154.
  • Wen, W., D. Hu, and J. Hao. 2018. “International Students’ Experiences in China: Does the Planned Reverse Mobility Work?” International Journal of Educational Development 61: 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.03.004.
  • Yang, P. 2018. “Compromise and Complicity in International Student Mobility: The Ethnographic Case of Indian Medical Students at a Chinese University.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 39 (5): 694–708. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2018.1435600.
  • Yang, Z., and H. De Wit. 2019. “China: Facts, Paths, and Challenges.” International Higher Education 97: 18–20. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2019.97.10945.
  • Yu, B. 2010. “Learning Chinese Abroad: The Role of Language Attitudes and Motivation in the Adaptation of International Students in China.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 31 (3): 301–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434631003735483.
  • Yu, Y., M. Cheng, and Y. Xu. 2022. “Understanding International Postgraduate Students’ Educational Mobility to China: An Ecological Systematic Perspective.” Higher Education Research & Development 41 (6): 2137–2153. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1973383.
  • Ziesemer, T. H. W. 2011. “Developing Countries’ net-Migration: The Impact of Economic Opportunities, Disasters, Conflicts, and Political Instability.” International Economic Journal 25 (3): 373–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2011.607258.
  • Zou, S. 2018. “China Will Give International Students Work Options.” China Daily. https://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201808/07/WS5b68e48fa3100d951b8c8ed2.html.
  • Zou, X., and X. Zhu. 2018. “Soft Power of Chinese Cities: Factors That Attract International Students to Study in Changchun City.” International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development 6 (3): 94–109. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.6.3_94.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.