References
- Achebe, Chinua. 1983. The Trouble with Nigeria. Nairobi: Heinemann Educational Books.
- Ajulu, Rok. 2002. “Politicized Ethnicity, Competitive Politics and Conflict in Kenya: A Historical Perspective.” African Studies 61 (2): 251–268. doi: 10.1080/0002018022000032947
- Barth, F. 1969. “Introduction.” In Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference, edited by F. Barth, 9–37. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget.
- Garofalo, Reebee. 1994. “Culture versus Commerce: The Marketing of Black Popular Music.” Public Culture 7: 275–287. doi: 10.1215/08992363-7-1-275
- Grossberg, Lawrence, Ellen A. Wartella, D. Charles Whitney, and J. Macgregor Wise. 2006. Media Making: Mass Media in a Popular Culture. London: Sage.
- Mboya, T. Michael. 2009. “‘My Voice is Nowadays Known’ – Okatch Biggy, Benga and Luo Identity in the 1990s.” Muziki: Journal of Music Research in Africa 6 (1): 14–25. doi: 10.1080/18125980902927776
- Nyairo, Joyce Wambui. 2004. “‘Reading the Referents’: (Inter)Textuality in Contemporary Kenyan Popular Music.” Unpublished PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
- Ogude, James. 2007. “‘The Cat that Ended up Eating the Homestead Chicken’: Murder, Memory and Fabulization in D. O. Misiani's Dissident Music.” In Urban Legends, Colonial Myths: Popular Culture and Literature in East Africa, edited by James Ogude and J. Nyairo, 173–202. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
- Okumu, Caleb Chrispo. 1998. “The Development of Kenyan Popular Guitar Music: A Study of Kiswahili Songs in Nairobi.” Unpublished MA thesis, Kenyatta University, Nairobi.
- Perullo, Alex. 2011. Live from Dar Es Salaam: Popular Music and Tanzania's Music Economy. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
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- Stapleton, C., and C. May. 1989. African All Stars: The Pop Music of a Continent. London: Grafton.
- Stroud, Sean. 2008. The Defence of Tradition in Brazilian Popular Music: Politics, Culture and the Creation of MuSica Popular Brasileira. Hampshire: Ashgate.
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- Discography
- Mike, Awillo, and Ja-Mnazi Afrika. 2007a. “Ababu Okholo.” In Makulata. Nairobi: Jamnazi Afrika Production.
- Mike, Awillo, and Ja-Mnazi Afrika. 2007b. “Chingongo Chiebunyala.” In Makulata. Nairobi: Jamnazi Afrika Production.
- Mike, Awillo, and Ja-Mnazi Afrika. 2009. “Madembuso.” In 100% Benga. Nairobi: Soundafrica Ltd.
- Afrika, Ja-Mnazi. 2005. “Riziki.” In Riziki. Nairobi: Jamnazi Afrika Production. Also collected in 100% Benga. Nairobi: Soundafrica Ltd., 2009.
- Afrika, Ja-Mnazi. 2003a. “Am not Sober.” In Am not Sober. Nairobi: Jamnazi Afrika Production. Also collected in 100% Benga. Nairobi: Soundafrica Ltd., 2009.
- Afrika, Ja-Mnazi. 2003b. “Lelo Luno.” In Am not Sober. Nairobi: Jamnazi Afrika Production. Also collected in 100% Benga. Nairobi: Soundafrica Ltd., 2009.
- Osusa, Tabu, Paul Kelemba, and Njeri Muhoro. 2008. “Retracing the Benga Rhythm: Narrative, Music CD and Documentary DVD.” Nairobi: Ketebul.
- Ringtone advertisements for “Riziki” by Ja-Mnazi Afrika (a sample)
- Cellulant advertized their “Riziki” ringtone under:
- “Luo.” 2008. Saturday Magazine, Daily Nation, May 3, p. 11.
- “Zilizopendwa.” 2008. Saturday Magazine, Daily Nation, August 2, p. 17.
- “Zilizopendwa.” 2008. Buzz, Sunday Nation, October 12, p. 5.
- “Zilizopendwa.” 2008. Buzz, Sunday Nation, October 19, p. 5.
- Style Up Ringtones advertized their “Riziki” ringtone under:
- “Local/East African.” 2008. Saturday Magazine, Daily Nation, May 3, p. 9.
- “Zilizopendwa.” 2008. Saturday Magazine, Daily Nation, August 30, p. 9.
- “Lingala/Rumba.” 2008. Saturday Magazine, Daily Nation, October 18, p. 9.
- “Lingala/Rumba.” 2008. Saturday Magazine, Daily Nation, November 1, p. 9.
- “Lingala/Rumba.” 2008. Saturday Magazine, Daily Nation, November 22, p. 9.
- Mobile Sawa advertized their “Riziki” ringtone under:
- “Luo Tones.” 2008. Buzz, Sunday Nation, April 27, p. 7.
- “Luo Tones.” 2008. Buzz, Sunday Nation, May 4, p. 7.
- “Luo Tones.” 2008. Buzz, Sunday Nation, May 11, p. 7.
- “Luo Tones.” 2008. Buzz, Sunday Nation, May 18, p. 7.
- “Luo Tones.” 2008. Buzz, Sunday Nation, May 25, p. 7.
- “Luo Tones.” 2008. Buzz, Sunday Nation, June 8, p. 7.
- “Luo Tones.” 2008. Buzz, Sunday Nation, June 15, p. 7.
- “Luo Tones.” 2008. Buzz, Sunday Nation, June 22, p. 7.
- Mobile Fun advertized their “Riziki” ringtone under:
- “Local/East African.” 2008. Sunday Magazine, The Standard, September 28, p. 16.